MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF NON-FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES …

MODELLING AND SIMULATION OFNON-FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

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12/10/18MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF NON-FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 2

Cyber Physical Systems

Internet-of-things

The Internet

Embedded Systems

Wireless sensor

networks

Mobile networks

Satellite networks

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IP-XACT component description(interface)

IP-XACT design description

(connection)

System Architecture

Builder

System Implementation

BuilderNon-functional models libraries

SystemC-AMS module and

interface

SystemC-AMS complete system

Reliability (Aging) layer

Layer-specific data

Temperaturelayer

Powerlayer

FunctionallayerFunctional BUS +

Arbiter

CnC1 C2 …

Temperature BUS + Arbiter

C1 C2 Cn

Power BUS + Arbiter

C1 C2 Cn…

…

Reliability BUS + Arbiter

C1 C2 Cn

- - - -


Reliability layer (Aging)

Layer-specific data

Temperaturelayer

Powerlayer


Manager

CnC1 C2 …

Temperature BUS + Manager

C1 C2 Cn

Power BUS + Manager

C1 C2 Cn…

…

Reliability BUS + Manager

C1 C2 Cn

Layer-specific signals

Inter-layer signals

Layer-specific data flow

Inter-layer time converters

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• Sara Vinco, Yukai Chen, Franco Fummi, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “A

Layered Methodology for the Simulation of Extra-Functional Properties in Smart Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2017


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Layer-specific data

Temperaturelayer

Powerlayer


Arbiter

CnC1 C2 …


C1 C2 Cn

Power BUS + Arbiter

C1 C2 Cn…

…


C1 C2 Cn

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Power

Smart systems(SoCs, SiPs)

O(mW) O(W) O(kW) O(MW)•scavenger(s)• converters• storage•management HW

•Storage• converters•management HW and SW,•scavenger (opt)

• Power sources (PVs and grid, engine)

• hybrid storage•multiple converters (DC and AC)• distribution network•management SW and HW

Embeddeddevices

• Power source (grid)• hybrid storage•multiple converters (DC and AC)• distribution network•management SW and HW

Home PV plant

HEV cars

W/subW scale kW scale MW scale

Energy distribution,smart grids

Battery farms

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Voltage

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SOC

SOCeod

100%

SOCCV

Tplug-in

time

Delayed charge (ALAP) @Icc,nom

Slow charge (ASAP) @Icc,min

Standard charge @Icc,nom

SOCeod

100%

SOCCV

Tplug-in

time

Delayed charge (ALAP) @Icc,nom

Slow charge (ASAP) @Icc,min

Standard charge @Icc,nom

Aging-optimal @ IccIcc,min < I cc <I cc,nom

• -• • -


• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Frequency domain characterization of batteries for the design of energy storage

subsystems.” In Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC), 2016 IFIP/IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2016.

• Sara Vinco, Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “A unified model of power sources for the simulation of electrical energy systems.” In Proceedings of the 26th edition on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, pp. 281-286. ACM, 2016.

• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “A circuit-equivalent battery model accounting for the dependency on load frequency.” In Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation & Test in Europe, pp. 1177-1182. European Design and Automation Association, 2017.

• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Workload-driven frequency aware battery sizing.” In Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED, 2017 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2017.

• Alberto Bocca, Yukai Chen, Alberto Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Fundamental Feature Extraction of the Battery Charge Phase from Product Data.” In Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2018 IEEE International Symposium on, pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2018.

• Yukai Chen, Daniele Jahier Pagliari, Enrico Macii and Massimo Poncino. “Battery-aware Design Exploration of Scheduling Policies for Multi-sensor Devices.” In Proceedings of the 2018 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, pp. 201-206. ACM, 2018.

• Donkyu Baek, Alberto Bocca, Yukai Chen, Alberto Macii, Enrico Macii and Massimo Poncino. “Battery-Aware Energy Model of Drone Delivery Tasks.” In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, p. 49. ACM, 2018.

• Alberto Bocca, Yukai Chen, Alberto Macii, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Aging and Cost Optimal Residential Charging for Plug-in EVs.” IEEE Design & Test, 2018


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Layer-specific data

Temperaturelayer

Powerlayer


Arbiter

CnC1 C2 …


C1 C2 Cn

Power BUS + Arbiter

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C1 C2 Cn

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TB SystemC-AMS Hotspot Speedup1 9.563 ms 10.476 ms 1.10X2 84.365 ms 95.343 ms 1.13X3 246.014 ms 565.041 ms 2.30X

TB SystemC-AMS Hotspot Speedup1 0.051 s 1.279 s 25.08X2 0.387 s 27.013 s 69.80X3 1.263 s 353.329 s 279.75X

Grid Size SystemC-AMS Hotspot Speedup

4X4 0.163s 3.508s 21.52X

8X8 0.671s 13.438s 20.02X

16X16 3.019s 59.903s 19.84X

32X32 30.735s 779.093s 25.31X

64X64 191.176s 11,849.712s 61.98X

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• Yukai Chen, Sara Vinco, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Fast thermal

simulation using SystemC-AMS.” In Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, 2016 International, pp. 427-432. IEEE, 2016.

• Yukai Chen, Sara Vinco, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “SystemC-AMS Thermal Modeling for the Co-simulation of Functional and Extra-Functional Properties.”, ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems, 2018.


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Layer-specific data

Temperaturelayer

Powerlayer


Arbiter

CnC1 C2 …


C1 C2 Cn

Power BUS + Arbiter

C1 C2 Cn…

…


C1 C2 Cn

• - -= 1/ / / 0 ( -/ = 0= 0 = =

Ø =/ / =/ = / 1 1 0 -= - / / = / -= = / /- / B ==/Ø =/ 0 - / =/- 1 - / / = /=/Ø 0 -= 1 = / 1 = / / / / -/ / = / 0 = / 0=

• = = = / / / = = / - =/A= 0 / = / -/ - /• ( - = =B / =/ = = / B =/ / / / 0 -/ 0 / ,/ / - /• ) / - / / / -= =B 0 -=

• ( / /A / 0 = / / - / / / ( 1 1 /

• - -/ = B = 0 = = / / /• ,/- / 0 -= 0 = /• = / / A / = 1 0 / / -B / = = = /


• -B B:1A A A: A 1 A A F12: 3• A A C1:B A : C : 1 13A

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Plasma

OR10N

OR1200

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Ø Aging frequency degradation of the cores is weakly affected by the applications run by the cores

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Cores Max Frequency [MHz] Aging Factor354.58 0.32161.06 0.56346.01 0.31132.67 0.46352.88 0.30153.73 0.42

Plasma

OR1200

OR10N

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Cores Max Frequency [MHz] Aging Factor352.47 0.32

137.99 0.50RI5CY

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• Yukai Chen, Andrea Calimera, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino.

“Characterizing the Activity Factor in NBTI Aging Models for Embedded Cores.” In Proceedings of the 25th edition on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, pp. 75-78. ACM, 2015.

• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Empirical derivation of upper and lower bounds of NBTI aging for embedded cores.” Microelectronics Reliability 80 (2018): 294-305.


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Layer-specific data

Temperaturelayer

Powerlayer


Arbiter

CnC1 C2 …


C1 C2 Cn

Power BUS + Arbiter

C1 C2 Cn…

…


C1 C2 Cn

• (A K6 C >A F EL F E A L7 E C LF> 6 FLF


q 1 6F 6 BEq ( .) 32(0 BELq (A 0 03 6 EB Eq ( 26 >B -E D A L 2- E6AF > Eq A 5(2q ( M( E 6E 67 >A > 76 ELq ( - B 7 6L E 6C6 > BEq 0 >C BA E EF

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DC DCDC-DCDC-DC DC-DC DC-DC DC-DC

Batt SCRF TrCore Mem UART Accel

Functional layer

RF TrCore Mem


I, V

Power layer

Reliability layer

Temperature layer

UART Accel

Functional BUS + Arbiter

I, V I, V I, V I, V I, V I, V

Power BUS + Arbiter

Core Mem UARTRF Tr


Core Mem UARTRF Tr

I, V I, V I, V I, V I, V I, V I, V

P, T P, T P, T P, T

λ λ λ λ

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• - - - -

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• - - -

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• Sara Vinco, Yukai Chen, Franco Fummi, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “A Layered Methodology for the Simulation of Extra-Functional

Properties in Smart Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2017

• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Empirical derivation of upper and lower bounds of NBTI aging for embedded cores.” Microelectronics Reliability, 2018

• Alberto Bocca, Yukai Chen, Alberto Macii, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Aging and Cost Optimal Residential Charging for Plug-in EVs.” IEEE Design & Test, 2018

• Yukai Chen, Andrea Calimera, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Characterizing the Activity Factor in NBTI Aging Models for Embedded Cores.” GLSVLSI, 2015

• Yukai Chen, Sara Vinco, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Fast thermal simulation using SystemC-AMS.” GLSVLSI, 2016

• Sara Vinco, Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “A unified model of power sources for the simulation of electrical energy systems.” GLSVLSI, 2016

• Yukai Chen, Alberto Bocca, Alberto Macii, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “A Li-ion battery charge protocol with optimal aging-quality of service trade-off.” ISLPED, 2016

• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Frequency domain characterization of batteries for the design of energy storage subsystems.” VLSI-SOC, 2016


• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “A circuit-equivalent battery model accounting for the dependency on load frequency.” DATE,

2017

• Yukai Chen, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Workload-driven frequency aware battery sizing.” ISLPED, 2017

• Alberto Bocca, Yukai Chen, Alberto Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “Fundamental Feature Extraction of the Battery Charge Phase from Product Data.” ISCAS, 2018

• Yukai Chen, Daniele Jahier Pagliari, Enrico Macii and Massimo Poncino. “Battery-aware Design Exploration of Scheduling Policies for Multi-sensor Devices.” GLSVLSI, 2018

• Donkyu Baek, Alberto Bocca, Yukai Chen, Alberto Macii, Enrico Macii and Massimo Poncino. “Battery-Aware Energy Model of Drone Delivery Tasks.” ISLPED, 2018

• Daniele Jahier Pagliari, Valentino Peluso, Yukai Chen, Andrea Calimera, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “All-Digital Embedded Meters for On-line Power Estimation.” DATE, 2018

• Yukai Chen, Sara Vinco, Enrico Macii, and Massimo Poncino. “SystemC-AMS Thermal Modeling for the Co-simulation of Functional and Extra-Functional Properties.”, ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems, 2018

• Yukai Chen, Donkyu Baek, Alberto Bocca, Alberto Macii, Enrico Macii and Massimo Poncino. “A Case for a Battery-Aware Model of Drones Energy Consumption.” INTELEC, 2018

• Donkyu Baek , Yukai Chen, Jaemin Kim, Naehyuck Chang, Enrico Macii1, Sara Vinco, Massimo Poncino. “SystemC-AMS Simulation of Energy Management of Electric Vehicles.” INTELEC, 2018



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