MODELING THE TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF FIBERS WITH GEOMETRICAL AND STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES

IJE Transactions A: Basics Vol. 16, No. 4, November 2003 - 393 MODELING THE TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF FIBERS WITH GEOMETRICAL AND STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES W. He and X. Wang School of Engineering and Technology, Deakin University Geelong, VIC 3217 Australia, [email protected] (Received: November 19, 2002- Accepted in Revised Form: August 11, 2003) Abstract Virtually all fibers exhibit some dimensional and structural irregularities. These include the conventional textile fibers, the high-performance brittle fibers and even the newly developed nano-fibers. In recent years, we have systematically examined the effect of fiber dimensional irregularities on the mechanical behavior of the irregular fibers. This paper extends our research to include the combined effect of dimensional and structural irregularities, using the finite element method (FEM). The dimensional irregularities are represented by sine waves with a 30 % magnitude of diameter variation while the structural irregularities are represented by longitudinal and horizontal cavities distributed within the fiber structure. The results indicate that fiber geometrical or dimensional variations have a marked influence on the tensile properties of the fiber. It affects not only the values of the breaking load and extension, but also the shape of the load-extension curves. The fiber structural irregularities simulated in this study appear to have little effect on the shape of the load-extension curves. Key Words Fiber, Irregularity, Tensile Behavior, Modeling, Structural Variations ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ. ﻣﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻧﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺩ ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺎﺟﻲ، ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻓﻬﺎﻱ. ﺑﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻤﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ. ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻤﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ٣٠ % ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻈﻤﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ. ﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ، ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻈﻤﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ. 1. INTRODUCTION Most fibers are highly irregular in both dimension and structure, and this is particularly true with textile materials. During fiber processing, various cuts and deformations may be introduced to the fibers by sharp mechanical elements such as carding tooth, hence exacerbating the fiber structural and geometrical irregularities. The effect of fiber irregularities on fiber tensile properties has long been recognized. Considerable research work on wool fibers has been conducted on how fiber tensile behavior depends on fiber diameter (or cross-sectional area) variation and structural irregularity. Among them, many works (Banky and Slen [1,2], Kenny and Chaikin [3], Collins and Chaikin [4], Shah and Whiteley [5], Wang [6], Zhang and Wang [7], Zhang [8]) are focused on fiber dimensional variation and its effect on the tensile behavior of fibers. Some works (Collins [9] and Collins and Chaikin [10-15]) are concerned with both dimensional variation and structural irregularity of fibers. These works have indicated that fiber irregularities would change the shape of

MODELING THE TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF FIBERS WITH GEOMETRICAL AND STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES

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fiber

irregularity

tensile behavior

modeling

structural variations