Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary Modeling and Simulation of Earthquakes, Soils, Structures, and their Interaction Boris Jeremi´ c University of California, Davis, CA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA ETH Seminar, Zurich, Switzerland May 2018 Jeremi´ c et al. MS ESSI
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Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Modeling and Simulation of Earthquakes,
Soils, Structures, and their Interaction
Boris Jeremic
University of California, Davis, CALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
ETH Seminar,
Zurich, Switzerland
May 2018
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Outline
IntroductionMotivation
Seismic MotionsObservationsRegional Geophysical ModelsStress Test Motions
Inelasticity and Energy DissipationEnergy DissipationProbabilistic Inelastic ModelingDirect Solution for Probabilistic Stiffness and Stress in 1D
Summary
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Motivation
Outline
IntroductionMotivation
Seismic MotionsObservationsRegional Geophysical ModelsStress Test Motions
Inelasticity and Energy DissipationEnergy DissipationProbabilistic Inelastic ModelingDirect Solution for Probabilistic Stiffness and Stress in 1D
Summary
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Motivation
Motivation
Improve modeling and simulation for infrastructure objects
Use of high fidelity numerical modeling and simulation to
analyze earthquakes, and/or soils and/or structures and
their interaction (ESSI)
Reduce modeling uncertainty, perform desired level of
sophistication modeling and simulation
Follow evolution of parametric uncertainty
Le doute n’est pas un état bien agréable, mais l’assurance
est un état ridicule. (François-Marie Arouet, Voltaire)
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Motivation
Earthquake Motions, 6C vs 3×1C vs 1C
◮ Danger of picking one component of motions (1C) from 3C
◮ Excellent (forced) fit, but not a prediction, information is lost
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Motivation
6C vs 1C NPP ESSI Response Comparison
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Motivation
Elastic and Inelastic Response: Differences
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Motivation
Material Behavior Inherently Uncertain
◮ Spatial
variability
◮ Point-wise
uncertainty,
testing
error,
transformation
error
(Mayne et al. (2000)
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Motivation
Parametric Uncertainty: Material and Loads
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
SPT N Value
You
ng’s
Mod
ulus
, E (
kPa)
E = (101.125*19.3) N 0.63
−10000 0 10000
0.00002
0.00004
0.00006
0.00008
Residual (w.r.t Mean) Young’s Modulus (kPa)
Nor
mal
ized
Fre
quen
cyTransformation of SPT N-value: 1-D Young’s modulus, E (cf. Phoon and Kulhawy (1999B))
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Regional Geophysical Models
Outline
IntroductionMotivation
Seismic MotionsObservationsRegional Geophysical ModelsStress Test Motions
Inelasticity and Energy DissipationEnergy DissipationProbabilistic Inelastic ModelingDirect Solution for Probabilistic Stiffness and Stress in 1D
Summary
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Regional Geophysical Models
Regional Geophysical Models
◮ High fidelity free field seismic motions on regional scale
◮ Knowledge of geology (deep and shallow) needed
◮ High Performance Computing using SW4 on CORI (LBNL)
◮ Collaboration with LLNL: Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Pitarka and
Dr. Petersson
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Regional Geophysical Models
Regional Geophysical Models
Rodgers and Pitarka
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Regional Geophysical Models
Regional Geophysical Models
USGS
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Regional Geophysical Models
Example Regional Model
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Regional Geophysical Models
Example Regional Model (Rodgers)
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Regional Geophysical Models
Seismic Motions: SW4 to MS-ESSI
ESSI nodes
SW42ESSI
1 2 31 2 3 , ,( ), , ,u u u θ θ θ
72m×72m×56m
36m embedded
300m ×300m ×100m
Grid spacing ~ 5m
ESSI Box
30km × 14km ×5 km
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Outline
IntroductionMotivation
Seismic MotionsObservationsRegional Geophysical ModelsStress Test Motions
Inelasticity and Energy DissipationEnergy DissipationProbabilistic Inelastic ModelingDirect Solution for Probabilistic Stiffness and Stress in 1D
Summary
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Stress Testing SSI Systems◮ Excite SSI system with a suite of seismic motions◮ Simple sources, variation in strike and dip, P and S waves,
surface waves (Rayleigh, Love, etc.)◮ Stress test soil-structure system◮ Try to "break" the system, shake-out strong and weak links
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Stress Test Source Signals◮ Ricker
-0.005
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Ric
ker2
nd F
unct
ion
Am
plitu
de
Time [s]
0
2e-05
4e-05
6e-05
8e-05
0.0001
0.00012
0.00014
0.00016
0 2 4 6 8 10
Ric
ker2
nd F
FT
Am
plitu
de
Frequency [Hz]
◮ Ormsby
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Orm
sby
Fun
ctio
n A
mpl
itude
Time [s]
0
5e-05
0.0001
0.00015
0.0002
0.00025
0.0003
0.00035
0.0004
0.00045
0.0005
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Orm
sby
FF
T A
mpl
itude
Frequency [Hz]
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Layered and Dyke/Sill Models
◮ (a) Horizontal layers◮ (b) Dyke/Sill intrusion
◮ Source locations matrix (point sources)◮ Source strike and dip variation◮ Magnitude variations◮ Range of frequencies
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Layered System, Displacement Traces◮ Epicenter is 2500m away from the location of interest◮ Source depth 850m (left) and 2500m (right)◮ Different wave propagation path to the point of interest◮ Surface waves quite pronounced◮ Layered geology did not filter out surface waves
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Layered System, Variable Source Depth
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Dyke/Sill Intrusion, Variable Source Depth
◮ Lower amplitudes than with layered only model!◮ Difference in body and surface wave arrivals◮ Surface waves present, more complicated wave field
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Dyke/Sill Intrusion, Variable Source Depth
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Dyke/Sill as Seismic Energy Sink
◮ Dyke/Sill (right Fig), made of stiff rock, is an energy sink,
as well as energy reflector◮ Variable wave lengths behave differently, depending on
dyke/sill geometry and location
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Plane Wave Stress Test Motions
◮ Plane wave stress test motions: 3D-6C (Haskel’s solution
for plane harmonic waves) and/or 3D-3×1C and/or 3D-1C
and or 1D-1C motions
◮ Knowledge of geology and the site is important
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Stress Test Motions
◮ Variation in inclination, frequency, energy and duration
◮ Try to "break" the system, shake-out strong and weak links
L oL w
L oL w
Jeremic et al.
MS ESSI
Introduction Seismic Motions Inelasticity and Energy Dissipation Summary
Stress Test Motions
Free Field, Variation in Input Wave Angle, f = 5Hz