Modeling and mapping the area of potential impact (AoPI) for Class VI CO 2 injection wells Stephen Kraemer, Ph.D. Research Hydrologist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Office of Research and Development Athens, Georgia Ground Water Protection Council Annual Forum, Atlanta, Georgia, 26 September, 2011 Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Lab Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, Georgia
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Modeling and mapping the area of potential impact (AoPI) for Class VI CO2 injection wells
Stephen Kraemer, Ph.D.Research Hydrologist
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and Development
y g
Office of Research and DevelopmentAthens, Georgia
Ground Water Protection Council Annual Forum,Atlanta, Georgia,
26 September, 2011
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research LabEcosystems Research Division, Athens, Georgia
Disclaimer• This material has been reviewed for presentation, and does not
represent the policy of the US Environmental Protection Agency.• Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement by
the Agency.
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How to cut At leasttriplingt CO
Strategy for Reducing Emissions
CO2 emissions?
atm CO2
Emissions
one wedge (1GtC/yr):
emissions?
carbon capture and storage (CCS): geologic sequestration (GS)
Avoiddoubling
introduce systems to capture CO2 and store it underground at 800
Stabilizeunderground at 800 large coal-fired plants or 1,600 natural-gas-fired plants
atm 500 ppm
3
plants.
Pacala, Socolow, Science, 2004
Today 20571957
CO2 Stationary Sources
electricity generationcoal and natural gas
4
NETL 2010 Atlas
Advantages and challenges ofdeep storage of CO2p g 2
Benson, Cook, IPCC
NETL, 2010
5
Deep Saline Formations
Illinois BasinMt. Simon Sandstone
6NETL 2010 Atlas
Potential threats to underground sources of drinking water
7
Birkholzer et al., 2009
EPA UIC Area of Review (AoR)computational/numerical modeling and mapping
Guidance forGuidance for
CO2front
permit applicantpermit applicant
front
Critical pressure frontfront
AoR = MESPOP (maximum extent of the separate-phase plume
8
p p por the pressure front)
Area of Potential Impact (AoPI)semi-analytical modeling and mapping