model three unit four

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MODEL THREE

UNIT FOUR

word English meaning Arabic meaning

Algebra A type of mathematics system where letters and symbols

are used to represent numbers.

علم الجبر

Arithmetic The branch of mathematics concerned with numerical

calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication

and division.

علم الحساب

Artificially-

created

Not real or not made of natural things but made to be like

something that is real or natural

مصنوع صناعي /

بشكل يحاكي الطبيعة

Breathtaking Wonderful, awe-inspiring مثير/يحبس االنفاس

Carbon-neutral Not affecting the total amount of carbon dioxide in

earth's atmosphere.

محايد للكربون

Criticise To judge (something ) with disapproval; to evaluate or

analyse (something)

ينتقد

Desalination The process of removing salt form sea water so that it can

be used

تحلية مياه البحر

Geometry The branch of mathematics concerned with the

properties, relationships and measurement of points,

lines, curves and surfaces.

الهندسة

Grid A system of wires through which electricity is connected

to different power stations across a region

شبكة توزيع الكهرباء

Ground-

breaking

New, innovative مستحدث / جديد

Inheritance Money or things that you get from someone after they die تركة / ميراث

Irrigate To supply land with water so that crops and plants will

grow

يروي االرض

Mathematician A person who studies mathematics to a very complex

level

عالم الرياضيات

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Megaproject A very large, expensive, ambitious business project مشروع هائل و كبير

Minaret The tall, thin tower of a mosque from which Muslims are

called to prayer

مأذنه

Outweigh To be more important than something else اهم من / يفوق وزنا

Pedestrian Someone who is walking, especially along a street or

another place that is used by cars

ماشي على قدميه /

راجل

Philosopher Someone who studies and writes philosophy

professionally, or an undergraduate student of philosophy

فيلسوف

Physician Someone qualified to practice medicine, especially one

who specialises in diagnosis and treatment

طبيب

Polymath Someone who has a lot of knowledge about many

different subjects

مثقف / واسع االطالع

Qualify To be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by

fulfilling a necessary condition

مؤهل للقيام بعمل ما

Sustainability The state of being able to continue forever, or for a very

long time; for example, the sustainability of the

environment involves emitting less pollution and using

less water.

قابل لالستدامة / مستدام

Translation The process of converting documents from one language

to another

ترجمة

Vary To differ according to the situation يتباين/ يتغير

Zero-waste Producing no waste, or having parts that can be reused صفر النقايات / االنتاج

النظيف

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اهمية االنجازات االسالمية في التاريخ

The importance of Islamic achievements in history

Arithmetic The branch of mathematics concerned with numerical

calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication

and division.

علم الحساب

Geometry The branch of mathematics concerned with the

properties, relationships and measurement of points,

lines, curves and surfaces.

الهندسة

Mathematician A person who studies mathematics to a very complex

level

عالم الرياضيات

Philosopher Someone who studies and writes philosophy

professionally, or an undergraduate student of philosophy

فيلسوف

Polymath Someone who has a lot of knowledge about many

different subjects

مثقف / واسع

االطالع

Revolutionise To completely change the way people do something or

think about something

يغير بشكل جذري

Composition Apiece of music that someone has written مقطوعة موسيقية

Inheritance Money or things that you get from someone after they

die

تركة / ميراث

Ground-

breaking

New, innovative مستحدث / جديد

Algebra A type of mathematics system where letters and symbols

are used to represent numbers

علم الجبر

windmill A building that uses its sails and wind power to grind

corn into flour

طاحونة هوائية

Minaret The tall, thin tower of a mosque from which Muslims are

called to prayer

مأذنه

Fountain pen A pen which needs ink cartridge refills and the nib of

which takes ink from these cartridges to write

قلم حبر سائل

Scales An instrument to measure weight ميزان / موازين

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Talent Special ability موهبة

Laboratory A room for scientific experiments مختبر

Camera

obscure

Latin for 'dark room'; and optical device that led to

photography and the invention of the camera

غرفة التصوير

المظلمة

Jabir ibn hayyan

(Born 722 CE , died 815 CE)

يعرف ب الذي الشخص لكن تاريخه كيميائيين مشهورين العديد يمتلك العالم العربي

The Arab world has many famous chemists in its history, but the person who is known as the

ب اكثر شيئ جابر ابن حيان من المحتمل الكيمياء مؤسس جدا بداية مشهور

founder of chemistry is probably Jabir Ibn Hayyan. He is most well-known for the beginning of the

حمض الكبريت انتاج الطريقة غيرت ميزان جهاز بنى ايضا

production of sulphuric acid . he also built a set of scales which changed the way in which

الكيميائيين يزنوا كانوا المواد فيمرة مواد يزن استطاع ميزان مختبر 6000اصغر ب

chemists weighed items in a laboratory : his scales could weigh items over 6,000 times smaller

كيلو غرام من

than a kilogram.

1. What science is Jabeir Ibn Hayyan considered the father of?

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2. What field was Jabeir Ibn Hayyan famous for?

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3. Write down two achievements of Jabeir Ibn Hayyan?

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4. How did scales that Jabeir Ibn Hayyan built change the way in which chemists weight items in a

laboratory?

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5. What do the underlined pronouns refer to?

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Ali Ibn Nafi' ( Zyryab )

( born 788 CE, died 857 CE ) كان صوت جميل بسبب الشحرور او زرياب يعرف ب ايضا علي ابن نافع

Ali ibn Nafi' is also known as ' Ziryab ' (or 'Blackbird ', because of his beautiful voice ) He was a

قادنه الموسيقى موهبته لقد كانت بغداد موسيقار مشهور تلميذ موهوب

gifted Pupil of a famous musician from Baghdad , and it was his talent for music that led him to

قرطبة في كان القرن التاسع ضيف االموي لحاكم هناك الشخص

Cordoba in the Ninth century CE . he was the guest of the Umayyad ruler there . he is the person

بتأسيس قام للموسيقى اول مدرسة العالم في قرطبة االندلس تدرس الموسيقي

who established the first music school in the world in Cordoba , Al-Andalus, teaching musical

االنسجام الموسيقي لتأليف جذري بشكل غير النظريةالموسيقية ايضا الشخص

harmony and composition ,he revolutionized musical theory , and is also the person who

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قدم آلةالعود اوروبا

introduced the oud to Europe .

1. Why was Ziryab nicknamed " blackbird'?

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2. According to the text Ziryab's students were learnt in the music school which Ziryab established,

mention tow things?

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3. Write down three important achievements for Ziryab?

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4. How did the oud found its way to Europe?

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5. What does the underlined word "composition'' mean?

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Fatima al-Fihri

(born early 9th century , died 880 CE )

تركة / ميراث والدها استخدمت رجل اعمال ثري ابنه كانت فاطمة الفهري

Fatima al-Fihri was the daughter of a wealthy businessman . she used her father's inheritance to

لبناء مركزللتعليم فز مدينة المغرب مركزللتعليم اصبح المغرب افضل جامعة

build Learning center in fez, Morocco . this learning centre became Morocco's top university , and

حيث عديدين طالب انحاء شتى من العالم ياتون للدراسة ذلك على عالوه فاطمةكانت اخت

it is where many students from all over the world come to study . moreover, it was Fatima's sister,

مريم التي اشرفت بناء االندلس مسجد بعديدا ليس من التعليم

Mariam, who Supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque , which was not far from the learning

مركز

centre.

1. Who was Fatima al-fihir's father?

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2. How did Fatima al-fihir use her father's inheritance?

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3. Quote the sentence which indicates that Fatima al-fihri got much money from her father after his

death?

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4. What was the importance of the learning centre that Fatima al-fihri built?

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5. What did Fatima's sister, Mariam do?

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6. What does the underlined word ''inheritance'' mean?

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Al-Kindi

الكندي

(born around 801 CE , died 873 CE )

ي عالم رياضيات فيلسوف طبيب كان الكنديئحقيقي عالم فلك موسيقار كيميا

Al-Kindi was a physician , philosopher, mathematician, chemist ,musician and astronomer – a true

من المحتمل لكن لكل المجاالت هذه العديد في اكتشافات جديده/ مستحدثه عمل مثقف

polymath. He made ground –breaking discoveries in many of these fields , but it is probably his

عمله في الحساب علم هندسة منه جعل االشهر

work in arithmetic and geometry that has made him most famous .

1. A part from physician, mention three fields of science al-kindi was famous for?

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2. The writer of the text states that al-kindi was a true polymath is the writer justified? Explain your

answer?

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3. What two fields was al-kindi most famous for?

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4. Find a two- word adjective that means the same as '' new, innovative''.

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5. What does the underlined '' philosopher '' mean?

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Vocabulary

Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

Philosopher arithmetic polymath chemist geometry mathematician physician

1. My father teaches Maths. He's a ------------------------------------------------------

2. You must not take in medicine without consulting a -----------------------------

3. We learn about shapes, lines and angles when we study -----------------------

4. Mr Shahin is a true ------------------------ working in all kinds of creative and scientific fields.

5. Ramzi is very good with numbers and calculations. he always scores high in ---------------------

6. A ----------------- is someone who thinks and writes about the meaning of life.

Answers: 1- mathematician 2- physician 3- geometry 4- polymath 5- arithmetic 6- Philosopher

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Editing

Imagine you are an editor in Jordan Times, you are asked to edit the following sentence that

has four mistakes, one grammar mistake and three spilling mistakes.

1------------------- 2------------------ 3-------------------- 4----------------

Guided Writing

Write a short biography about the Muslim scientist Ali Ibn Nafi " Ziryab" in two sentences.

Name Ali Ibn Nafi ' Ziryab'

Place/ date of birth Iraq, 789 CE.

Place/ date of death Cordoba, 857CE

Profession Musician

Achievements - Established the first music school in the

world.

- Introduced the out to Europe.

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برج الخيرالدة

The Giralda tower

الخيرالدة يقع اسبانيا اشبيلية في بنايات االكثر اهمية واحد برج

The Giralda tower, which is one of the most important buildings in Seville, Spain , stands at just

امتار اكثر ارتفاع الشخص الذي يعتقد مسؤول تصميم البرج

Over 104 metres tall. The person who is believed to be responsible for the design of the tower

الذي مأذنة باالصل كان فلكي و عالم رياضيات مهندس معماري جابر ابن افلح

,which Was originally a minaret , is the mathematician and astronomer Jabir ibn Aflah. The architect

البرج احمد بن باسو كان البرج قبل توفي العمل بدأ

of the tower was Ahmad Ben Basso, who began work in 1184 CE, He died before the tower was

بناؤه اكتمل جامع الكتيبه اعتمد على يعتقد انه البرج

completed in 1198 CE The design of the tower is believed to be based on the Koutoubia mosque,

مراكش المغرب حسن برج الرباط

which is in Marrakesh , Morocco , and the Hassan Tower in Rabat.

He is the person who established the first music school in the world in Cordoba, Al-andalus,

teaching musical harmony and composetion, he rivolutionized musical theory, and is also

the person which introduced the oud to Europe .

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1. Where is the Giralda tower?

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2. Who is the responsible for the design of the tower?

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3. What was the tower originally?

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4. Who was the architect of the tower?

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مدينة مصدر -خطوة ايجابية

Masdar City - a positive step ?

Word English meaning Arabic

meaning

Artificially-

created

Not real or not made of natural things but made to be

like something that is real or natural

صناعي / مصنوع

بشكل يحاكي

الطبيعة

Carbon-

neutral

Not affecting the total amount of carbon dioxide in

earth's atmosphere.

محايد للكربون

Criticise To judge (something ) with disapproval; to evaluate or

analyse (something)

ينتقد

Desalination The process of removing salt form sea water so that it

can be used

تحلية مياه البحر

Grid A system of wires through which electricity is

connected to different power stations across a region

شبكة توزيع

الكهرباء

Megaproject A very large, expensive, ambitious business project مشروع هائل و

كبير

Outweigh To be more important than something else اهم من / يفوق وزنا

Pedestrian Someone who is walking, especially along a street or

another place that is used by cars

ماشي على قدميه /

راجل

Sustainability The state of being able to continue forever, or for a

very long time; for example, the sustainability of the

environment involves emitting less pollution and using

less water.

قابل لالستدامة /

مستدام

Vary To differ according to the situation يتباين/ يتغير

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Zero-waste Producing no waste, or having parts that can be reused / صفر النقايات

االنتاج النظيف

مدينة مصدر -خطوة ايجابية

Masdar City - a positive step ?

لتشجع يتم تصميمها مشاريع استثمارية كبيرة جدا المشاريع

Megaprojects are externally large investment projects , which are designed to encourage

بالرغم المدن فوائد جديدة تجلب النمو اقتصاديالحجم من حيث تختلف المشاريع الضخمة

economic Growth and bring new benefits to cities. Although megaprojects very in terms of size

كلها التكلفة اهتمام مستوى عالي تجذب مشاريع شعبية غالية / مكلفة من تعريفها

and cost, they are all, by definition , expensive , public projects that attracts a high level of interest

و اعالمية تغطية جسور انفاق محطات مطارات طرق سريعة من تتراوح المشاريع

and media coverage . projects range from motorways , airports , stations, tunnels, bridges , etc.to

بالكامل المدينة ضخمة وممجمعات الضخم المشروع دائماى عل يعتمد فوائد تجلبه

entire city complexes . The concept of a megaproject is always based on the benefits it brings to a

للمجتمع ذلك ومع العديد الضخمة المشاريع انتقادها يتم بسبب سلبية تأثيرها

community . However ,many megaprojects have been criticised because of their negative effects

مدينة المصدر باالشارة الى القضايا هذه ستتناول المقاله هذه البيئةاوالمجتمععلى

on a community or the environment this essay will look at these issues with regard to Masdar City ,

ضخم مشروع في ابوظبي

a megaproject in Abu Dhabi.

1. What are "megaprojects''?

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2. The writer states two benefits of creating megaprojects. Write them down.

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3. What is the aim (purpose) of megaprojects?

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4. What examples of megaprojects are provided in the essay?

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5. There are many qualities of megaprojects, mention two of them.

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6. Why have many megaprojects been criticized ?

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7. Quote the sentence which shows the location of Masder city?

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8. What does the underlined word "megaprojects" mean?

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مدينة بدأ تطور بالعالم مدينةاول لكربونحايدة لم

Masdar city , which began its development in 2006 CE , will be the world's first carbon –neutral

خالية نفايات بال الطبيعي يشبه صناعي مدينة مساحة تغطي 6عندما كيلومترات مربعه

,zero waste artificially –created city .covering an area of sex square kilometres , when it is

تكتمل اكثر من المتوقع قاطن وزوارساكن /

completed in 2025 CE, it is expected to house more than 40.000 residents, 50.000 commuters and

اعمال لهم عالقه بشكل اساسي للبيئة صديقة منتجات

1.500 businesses involved In Mainly environmentally –friendly products .

شبكة الطاقة متطورة تم بناؤها مصادر طاقه متجدده على بالكامل ستعمل المدينه

The city will run entirely on renewable energy sources , it's is built on an advanced energy grid

استخدامه كهرباء كم بالضبط يراقب والتيمجمع مقبس / بريز كل يتم

which monitors exactly how much electricity is being used by every outlet in the complex .

صممت منطقة خالية من السيارات ستكون بصمة الكربون يقلل لكي اضافة الى ذلك

Furthermore, in order to reduce its carbon footprint , Masdar city will be a car-free zone , designed

ستكون المشاه للدراجات مدينة كهربائية القيادة ذاتية اراتسي رستعممك العام النقل

to be pedestrian and cycle- friendly , electric , driverless cars will operate as public transport

مركبات صولة اخرى مواقع يواسطة الطرق الحديد سكك

vehicles , and the city will be connected to other locations by a network of roads and railways .

1. What two advantages will Masdar city have as an eco-friendly city ?

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2. How many people will visit Masder city?

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3. There are many procedures that will be implemented to reduce carbon footprint in Masdar city ,

write down two of these procedures?

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4. What role does the energy grid play in Masdar city ?

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5. What does the underlined word " gird" mean?

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الطاقة تزويدها سيتم الشمسيه والطاقة مزارعالرياح و هناك يضاا خططاء بنا

energy will be provided by solar power and wind farms, and there are also plans to build the

العالم االكبر الهيدروجين انتاج محطة المياه تنقية محطة ستستخدم تزود المدينة ب مياه

world's largest hydrogen plant . A desalination plant will be used to provide the city's water, with

المياه المستخدمة تدويرها يتم البيولوجيه الفضالت سيستخدم طاقة مصدر ايضا

80%of water used being recycled . biological waste will be used as an energy source too. And

الصناعيه الفضالت السكان الحاليين تدويرها سيتم الطالب كل مدينة

industrial waste will be Recycled the current residents of Masdar city's all students at the Masdar

معهد ايجاد ملتزمون بالكامل طالبها جامعة التكنولوجيا والعلوم

institute of science and technology, a university whose students are fully committed to finding

حلول العالم في الطاقة مشكالت بينما المشروع يتلق لدعم لعديدا عالمي

solutions to the world's energy problems . while the project has the support of many global ,

البيئية المحافظه بدال من على ما يبدو له نقد بعض هنالك منظمات / مؤسسات

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environment and conservation organisations there is some criticism of it . it is felt that , instead of

بناء صناعي مستدامه مدينة االستدامة يكون ان يجب االولوية اعطاء الموجودة المدن

building an artificial sustainable city, sustainability should be made a priority of existing cities .

1. How will Masdar city get its general energy from OR Masdar city is will depend on renewable

sources, write down two of them?

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2. Quote the sentence which indicates that water so that it can be used and reused again and

again?

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3. Quote the sentence which shows who are the present inhabitants of Masdar city?

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4. Mention one quality of Masdar city's inhabitants.

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5. Who are support the project of Masdar city?

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6. What criticism does the project of Masdar city?

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7. What does the underlined word '' desalination'' mean?

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8. What do the underlined pronouns refer to.

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الختام في لفوائد المجتمع و البيئة كبير

in conclusion , the benefits of Masdar City for the community and the environment greatly

سيكون يتم تحقيقه المطورون اهداف اذا سلبيات اي تفوق باالهمية

outweigh any disadvantages. If the aims of the developers are realised , Masdar City will be a

بل مستق حضرية تخطيط ستلهم مشابه ضخم مشروع اخرى دول

blueprint for future urban planning that will inspire similar megaprojects in other countries .

1. Quote the sentence which indicates the importance of Masder city to the community?

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2. If the aims of Masdar city are achieved, how would it be beneficial to the world?

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3. What does the underlined word " outweigh" mean?

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Critical thinking

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of megaprojects to people and the environment?

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Answer: disadvantages are that some people think it would be better to spend the money on

regenerating old tows instead of generating new ones, etc. however, the advantages include

installing the latest technology that helps cities to become environmentally friendly

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2. Do you think that a similar project to Masdar city would be successful in Jordan? What

advantages and disadvantages can you think of?

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Answer: I think that a megaproject like Masdar city would be very successful in Jordan: it would

encourage investment in the country and benefit the population by providing an environmentally-

friendly space for people to live in. However, we would have to be careful not to overshadow the

natural beauty of our country with too much building : we would have to find the perfect balance

between modernity and nature .

Vocabulary

Complete the sentences with words from the box. One word is not needed.

Benefit farms footprint free friendly neutral pedestrian power renewable waste

1. In hot countries, solar ---------------------- is an important source of energy.

2. 'green' projects are environmentally ------------------------

3. Wind ------------------- are an example of --------------------- energy.

4. If a city recycles everything and doesn’t throw anything away , it is zero - --------------------

5. We burn carbon whenever we use oil, coal or gas. This is known as our carbon -------------

6. If we replace as much carbon as we burn, we are carbon- ------------------------

7. A place where no cars are allowed is car- --------------- zone, and it s ----------------- friendly

Answers: 1- power 2- friendly 3- farms , renewable 4- waste 5- footprint 6- neutral 7- free ,

pedestrian

جدول مهم لالشتقاق

Verb Noun Adjective adverb

Produce Production

Product

Producer

Productive Productively

------------ Medicine Medical Medically

------------ Nine Ninth Ninthly

Inherit Inheritance

Inheritor

Inheritable -------------

Originate Origin Original Originally

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Originality

Invent Invention

Inventor

Inventive Inventively

Discover Discovery

Discoverer

Discovered

Discoverable

-------------

Influence Influence Influential influentially

Complete the following sentences with the suitable words derived from the words in brackets

1. The middle east is famous for the ---------------------- of olive oil.

(produce, production, Productive, Productively)

2. Ibn sina wrote ---------------- textbooks .

(medicine, Medical, Medically)

3. Fatima al-Fihri was born in the ---------------- century.

(nine, ninth, ninthly)

4. My father bought our house with an ----------------- from his grandfather.

(inheritance, inheritable, inherint)

5. Scholars have discovered an -------------------- document from the twelfth century.

(origin, Originate,original, originally)

6. Do you think the wheel was the most important ----------------- ever?

(invention, inventive, inventively, invent )

7. Al-Kindi made many important mathematical --------------- .

(discover, discovered ,discovery)

8. Who was the most ------------------ writer of the twentieth century?

(influence, influential,influentially)

Answers: 1.production 2. Medical 3. Nine 4. Inheritance 5.original 6.invention 7. Discovery

8. Influential

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Collocations

Urban planning التخطيط العمراني الحضري

Biological waste الفضالت البيولوجية

Public transport المواصالت العامة

Carbon footprint بصمة الكربون

Negative effect االثر السلبي

Economic growth النمو االقتصادي

Complete the sentence with correct collocations.

1. When people talk about -----------, they can mean either an improvement in the average

standard of living, or an increase in the value of a county's products.

2. Pollution has some serious --------------- on the environment, such as the death of wildlife and

plant life.

3. We can all work hard to reduce our ----------- by living a more environmentally-friendly

lifestyle.

4. If we take ------------ more often, there will be fewer cars on the roads, which will result in

cleaner air in our cities.

5. Hospitals need to dispose of a lot of --------,and it should be carefully managed because it can be

dangerous.

6. The need for more effective ----------------- is evident when we consider modern day problems

like traffic .

Answers:1. Economic growth 2.Negative effect 3.Carbon footprint 4.Public transport 5.Biological

waste6.Urban planning

.

15

األب المؤسس للفالحة

A founding father of farming


Irrigate To supply land with water so that crops and plants

will grow

يروي

Fertile Agriculturally productive خصب

legacy What someone leaves to the world after their death ميراث

ةللفالحاألب المؤسس

A founding father of farming

بعد الميالد القرن الحادي عشر األندلس في عاش مهندس عالم كاتب كان ابن بصال

Ibn Bassal was a writer, a scientist and an engineer who lived in Al-Andalus in the eleventh century

كانت عشقه العظيم مدينة توليدو ملك كان المأمون في بالط كان يعمل

CE. He worked in the court of al-Ma'mun, who was the king of Toledo . his great passions were

النباتات علم دراسة والنباتات الزراعه بالرغم كان عظيم بحاث/عالم كان

botany, which is the study of plants , and agriculture. Although he was a great scholar , he was

رجل عملي ايضا و كل كتابته جاءت من عملية خبرت العمل

also a practical man and all Of his writing came from his own 'hands-on' experience of working

االرض

the land .

1. What two fields of study that Ibn Bassal interested the most?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Quote the sentence which prove that Ibn Bassal was a polymath?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. According to the text, what science is botany?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Ibn Bassal was a practical man. Where did he get his knowledge from?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What does the underlined word '' hands on '' mean?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. What does the underlined pronouns refer to?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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16

واحد عديده االشياءال بص ابن انجز كان كتاب الزراعه الكتاب من تالف

One of the many things which Ibn Bassal achieved was a book of Agriculture . the book consisted

فصال 16اعشاب ايضا الخضراوات الفواكه االشجار تزرع افضل السبل تشرح

of Sixteen chapters which explain how best to grow trees , fruit and vegetables , as well as herbs

والذي هرة ربما ازهار الرائحة جميلةواحدة من الكل فصل االكثر ش

and sweet- Smelling flowers, perhaps the most famous chapter of all was the one that

مختلفة تتعامل مع كيف وصف انواع التربة حال على / وجد عمل كيف روي االرضي بواسطة

described how to treat different Types of soil. Ibn Bassal also worked out how to irrigate the land

دايجا االرض تحت الماء انظمة الري و مضخات المياه صمم آبار حفر

by finding underground water and digging wells. He designed water pumps and irrigation systems.

جميع هذه ااالشياء نقلهت عبر كتاباته

All of these things were passed on through his writing.

1. Write down two achievements of Ibn Bassal?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Which chapter of a book of agriculture was the most important?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Ibn Bassal's book explained different things . Mention two of these things.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Ibn Bassal explained two ways to irrigate the land . Mention them.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What does the underlined word '' irrigate'' mean?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ساروا على خطاه عبر االجيال المزارعون بسبب هائل/كبير كتاب تأثير

The influence of Ibn Bassal's book was enormous. As farmers down the generation followed his

كافي اكثر انتجت خصبة بشكل رائع اصبحت االرض نصائح تعليمات

Instructions and advice, the land became wonderfully fertile and produced more than enough

طعام ل لنمو سريعا السكان الري انظمة التي اتباعه وضعوا مكان في

Food for the fast- growing population. The irrigation systems thathe and his followers put in place

ل ارث ابن البصال معروف بشكل واسع ليس اسمه بالرغم من اسبانيا في كدليل ما زال

are still in evidence in Spain . Although his name is not widely known, Ibn Bassal's legacy to the

عظيم للعالم

world has been great .

1. Farmers gained a lot of benefits by following Ibn Bassal's instructions. Mention two of them?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Quote the sentence which shows where Ibn Bassal's achievements can be seen today?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. What is Ibn Bassal's legacy to the world according to the writer?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Guess the mean of '' legacy '' in the third paragraph?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What does the underlined word '' fertile '' mean?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

17

Critical thinking

Why do think the area around Toledo had a '' fast-growing population''?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer: I think that the area around Toledo had a fast-growing population for two reasons. Firstly,

I think that many people would want to live around Toledo, and Al-Andalus in general, at that time

because Al-Andalus was a very prosperous place. Secondly, because the area was producing a lot of

food as a result of Ibn Bassal's irrigation systems, people would be healthier and more able to

provide for more children than they could before.

Guided Writing

Write three short paragraphs about Ibn Bassal . use the prompts in this table as a guide

Name Ibn Bassal

Date Lived in the eleventh century CE

Location AL- Andalus

Occupation Writer, scientist and engineer / interested in

botany and agriculture

Achievements Writing a book of agriculture , designing

water pumps and irrigation systems

legacy Agricultural instructions and advice

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grammar

Relative clauses جمل الوصل

Relative pronouns

1. Who/ that " للعاقل " الذي ، التي ،اللذان، اللواتي (to refer to people)

Who/ that + verb + ----- +اسم يدل عل العاقل (people , someone , person )

e.g A chemist is a person who/that works in laboratory

.

18

e.g I know the man who/that bought your car.

2. (Which/that )لغير العاقل " الذي ، التي ،اللذين " to refer to things and animals

Which/that + verb + ----- + اسم يدل على حيوان او اشياء (subjects, words, things)

e.g the cat which/that I saw was very beautiful

e.g the geometry and arithmetic are subjects that /which are studied by mathematicians.

3. Where " تستعمل مع المكان "حيث (to refer to places )

e.g their house where they live is big.

e.g Amman is the city where I was born.

4. When " تستعمل مع الزمان"عندما (to refer to times)

(day , year , in +date , on + day of the week , at +time )

e.g it was in 2002 when I visited Aqaba.

e.g summer is the time when the weather gets too hot in Jordan.

5. Whose لتوضيح ملكية شخص او شيء ما وتقع بين اسمين " الذي يملك / له " (to refer to possession)

e.g the woman, whose bag was stolen is my friend.

e.g this is the room , whose windows are broken.

e.g he's the man, whose daughter I met in Jordan.

6. Why "بسبب / لماذا " العطاء السبب (to refer to reason cause )

(reason cause + why + s + v )

e.g Do you know the cause why she left her country.

استخدام نمالحظة هامة : يمك (that) بدال من (who/which) بشرط ان تكون الجملة جملة وصل محددة .

1-Defining relative clauses جمل الوصل المحددة

Defining relative clauses identify the noun . it is an essential part of the sentence that gives essential

information. It is not enclosed between two commas. So it cannot be omitted.

.

19

e.g : the man who stole my money was arrested last night.

e.g : the student who were absent were punished. ( only some students were punished )

e.g : he's the man whose daughter I met in Jordan.

2- Non-defining relative clauses جملة الوصل غير المحددة

A non-defining relative clause gives more detail or extra additional information. It is enclosed

between two commas, dashes or brackets and without it, the sentence would still convey meaning.

e.g Amman , which is an ancient city, is the capital of Jordan

e.g : the student ,who were absent , were punished. (all student were punished)

e.g : the Sahara desert, which in Africa, is very hot.

انواع شبه جمل الوصل

types of relative clauses

Non defining غيرمحدد Defining محدد

جملة تبدا بضمير وصل تقدم معلومات -

عن االسم ولكنها معلومات اضافية غير

مهمة ولو تم حذفها ال تتاثر بقية الجملة

Expressing Extra information

نستخم فواصل /شرطة / اقواس لتحديد -

المعلومات االضافية و تقع الفواصل قبل

ضمير الوصل مباشرة

e.g Amman , which is an ancient

city, is the capital of Jordan

اذا جاءت جملة الوصل غير المحددة في -

نهاية الجملة نستخدم فاصلة واحدة فقط

بدال من thatال يجوز استخدام -

which/who

جملة تبدا بضمير وصل تستخدم لتحديد -

او تعريف االسم وتميزه عن غيره /

وتقدم معلومات هامة لو تم حذفها لما

فهمنا عما تتحدث الجملة

Expressing Essential information

يمكن بهذا النوع من الجمل استخدام -

(that ) بدال من (which/who)

e.g the man who stole my money

was arrested last night.

.

20

يجوز حذف ضمير الوصل من الجمل المحددة ، ولكن يمنع ذلك من الجمل غير المحددة بشرط ان يكون االسم / مفعول مالحظة :

به

e.g I know the boy who you are talking about .

e.g I know the boy you are talking about.

Complete the text with the correct word from the box. Sometimes, more than one

answer is possible.

That which where who

Qasr bashir is an extremely well-preserved roman castle (1)------------ is situated in the Jordanian

desert, and is about eighty kilometers south of Amman.

The walls and huge corner towers of the castle, (2) --------------- was built at the beginning of the

fourth century CE, are still standing.

It is thought Qasr Bashir was built to protect roman border. Apart from the rooms in the castle,

there are also about twenty-thee stables (3)-------------- horses may have been kept.

People (4) ------------- love exploring historical roman ruins will certainly find a visit to Qasr

Bashir very rewarding. Once inside the building , one can imagine very vividly what it would have

been like to live there during the times of the roman empire.

Answers: 1- which/that 2- which 3- where 4- who /that

Complete the text about Ibn Sina, using the relative pronouns in the box. One pronoun

is used twice. Add commas for the non-defining relative clauses.

That when which who

Ibn Sina (1)---------------- is also known as Avicenna was a polymath. Ibn Sina was influenced as a

young man by the works of the philosopher Aristotle. He wrote on early Islamic philosophy

(2) ------------ included many subjects, especially logic and ethics. He also wrote Al Qanun Fi-

Tibb, the books (3) ----------------- became the most famous medical textbook ever. In the last ten

or twelve years of his life, Ibn Sina started studying literary matters. His friends (4)-------------------

were worried about his health advised him to relax. He refused and told them 'I prefer a short life

with width to a narrow one with length' it was the month of Ramadan (5) ----------------- Ibn Sina

died, in June 1037CE.

Answers : 1- , who is also known as Avicenna, 2- , which included many subjects, 3- that 4- , who

were worried about his health, 5- when

.

21

Join the sentences with the suitable relative pronoun.

1. A mathematician is someone ------------ works with numbers.

2. Geometry and arithmetic are subjects ------------ are studied by mathematicians.

3. 'Physician' is an old-fashioned word -------------- means 'doctor'.

4. A chemist is a person ------------ works in a laboratory.

5. The stars and planets are things -------------- astronomers study.

Rewrite the following sentences using a suitable relative pronoun

1. London is a huge city. It's the capital of the UK.

London ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. London is the city. I was born in London.

London is the city ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. The man is very friendly . he lives next door.

The man, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. He uses the computer. He bought it last week.

He uses the computer ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

الجمل المنقسمة او المجزأة

Cleft sentence

جملة واحدة تتكون من جملتين :

الجملة الرئيسية -1

جملة تابعة لها ومعتمدة عليها ليكتمل معناها -2

(emphasis)اي جملة واحدة قسمت او جزئت الى جزأين من اجل تاكيد المعلومة مع التوكيد باستخدام ضمائر الوصل.

e.g Ahmad got a reward.

e.g the person who got a reward was Ahmad.

تقع الجملة المؤكدة عادة في بداية الجملة ويتم وصلها بضمائر وصل .

تبدا الجملة المنقسمة / المجزأة بأحد العبارات اآلتية على االغلب.

The person who ------------- الشخص اللذي

The thing that ---------------- الشيء اللذي

The time when --------------- الوقت عندما

The place where ------------- المكان حيث

.

22

The way in which ------------ الطريقة التي بها

What ---------- الذي

It ---------------- انه

يمكن التأكيد على اي جزء من الجملة بواسطة الجمل المجزأة و باستعمال تلك العبارات التي في االعلى.وبذلك

: نماذج التحويل

The (thing /person/place/time) .1ضمير وصل مناسب + ++ المعلومات is /was المؤكد +

The person who won the first prize last year was Ahmad.

+is /was+ the (thing /person/place/time) +المؤكد.2 ضمير وصل مناسب +المعلومات

Ahmad was the person who won in the first prize last year.

it +is/was .3مناسب للجميع + الشيء الذي نريد تأكيده + (that)معلومات عن المؤكد + ضمير وصل او

It was Ahmad who won the first prize last year.

4.what + subject + verb --------- + is

e.g : I would like to go shopping

What I would like to do is go shopping

e.g : I enjoy playing football

What I enjoy is playing football

Rewrite these sentences, stressing emphasising the part in bold, using the beginnings

provided.

1. The great Mosque in Cordoba was built in 784 CE by Abd-Al Rahman l.

The person ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The mosque ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

784CE was ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. My brother bought a new car from our neighbor last Saturday.

It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

23

It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Al-kindi contributed to the invention of the oud.

The person ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The thing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Huda won the prize for art last year.

The person ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The prize -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It was the prize ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It was last year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. I would like to go to London next year.

What -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. The head teacher took our class to the museum on Thursday

The head teacher was ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The place -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The day ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It was the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It was to the museum----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It was on Thursday--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Al-Jazari invented the mechanical clock in the twelfth century.

Al-Jazari--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mechanical clock ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Twelfth century ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Jabir Ibn Hayyan did hiss research in a laboratory in Iraq.

The country where -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Ali Ibn Nafi' established the first music school in the world.

It was ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. Jabir Ibn Hayyan also invented ink that can be read in the dark.

.

24

It was ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. Al-Kindi is especially famous for his work in geometry.

It is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answers: 1- The person who the great Mosque in Cordoba was built in 784 CE was Abd-Al

Rahman l., The mosque which was built in 784 CE by Abd-Al Rahman l was The great

Mosque in Cordoba., The year when The great Mosque in Cordoba was built by Abd-Al

Rahman l was 784 CE.,784CE was the year when The great Mosque in Cordoba was built

by Abd-Al Rahman l. 2-It was my brother who \ that bought a new car from our neighbor

last Saturday. ,It was a new car which \that My brother bought a new car from our neighbor

last Saturday., It was our neighbor who\ that My brother bought a new car from last

Saturday.,It was last Saturday when\ that My brother bought a new car from our neighbor. 3-

The person who contributed to the invention of the Oud was Al-Kindi., The thing which Al-

kindi contributed to the invention of was the oud. 4- The person who won the prize for art

last year was Huda.,The prize which Huda won last year was for art.,

It was the prize for art which\ that Huda won last year., It was last year when\ that Huda won the

prize for art.5. what I would like to do is go to London next year. 6.The head teacher was the person

who took our class to the museum on Thursday., The place where The head teacher took our class

on Thursday was the museum. ,It was the head teacher who\ that took our class to the museum on

Thursday.,It was to the museum where that The head teacher took our class on Thursday.,It was on

Thursday when\ that The head teacher took our class to the museum. 7. Al-Jazari was the person

who invented the mechanical clock in the twelfth century, Mechanical clock was the thing which

Al-Jazari invented in the twelfth century .,Twelfth century was the time when Al-Jazari invented the

mechanical clock.8. The country where Jabir Ibn Hayyan did hiss research in a laboratory was

Iraq.9. It was Ali Ibn Nafi' who\that established the first music school in the world. 10. It was Jabir

Ibn Hayyan who\ that also invented ink that can be read in the dark11.It is Al-Kindi who\ that I

especially famous for his work in geometry.

Make cleft sentence, stressing the information in bold.

1. Queen Rania opened the children's Museum of Jordan in 2007 CE.

It was ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Petra was made a world heritage Site in 1985 CE.

The year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. I stopped working at 11 p.m.

It was ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. My father has influenced me most.

The person --------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. I like geography most of all.

The subject --------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. The heat made the journey unpleasant.

It was ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answers: 1- It was Queen Rania that opened the children's museum of Jordan in 2007 CE.2-the

year when Petra was made a world heritage site was 1985CE 3- it was 11pm that I stopped working

.

25

4- the person who has influenced me most was my father 5- the subject which I like most off all is

geography 6- it was the heat that made the journey unpleasant.

Choose the correct answer:

1. I told you about the man ----------------------- lives next door.

a- who b- which c- where d- whose

2. Do you see the tiger ----------------------- is lying on the roof ?


3. The city --------------------- we met Ali is very beautiful.


4. I live in the city --------------------- is surrounded by many mountains .


5. I know the minister --------------------- brother is my friend .


.

26

Derivationاالشتقاق

Noun

مواقع االسم

بشرط ان ال ياتي بعد الفراغ اسم فاذا جاء بعد الفراغ اسم نضع صفة .

( a, an, the. بعد أدوات التعريف )1

Think about the technology that is needed for it to work

بداية الجملة بعده فعل او فعل مساعد. فراغ في 2

Technology had developed enough for inventors to make the first generation of modern

computers

. بعد الصفة 3

A metal machine was found on the seabed in Greece

Teachers can use the Internet to show educational programmes

( this, that, these, those. بعد ضمائر االشارة )4

These days, computers often communicate with each other

( in , on , at, by, of, for, from, with, without, about. بعد حروف الجر ) 5

The year 1990 witnessed one of the most important development in information technology

( my , her, his , our, your , their, itsالملكية و ضمائر صفات الملكية ) s'. بعد 6

I can close the lead of my laptop and then put it in my bag

Adeeb Al-Balooshi caught Sheikh Hamdan's attention with his invention

, One , two, three,… no , any , many, much ,few , a few, little, a little , otherمحددات الكمية ). بعد 7

average, some, a lot of , several, enough, another )

I need to make a few calculations before I decide how much to spent.

. بعد الفعل كمفعول به 8

Teachers can ask students to summarize information about what they have learned in

class.

Doctors encourage consumption on fruit and vegetables

( ing. بعد المصدر ) فعل في بدايه الجملة مضافا له 9

.

27

Developing creation thinking is being encouraged at schools now a days.

( The ……. Of). الفراغ على شكل 10

The world changed rapidly after the invention of the internet.

لواحق االسم

( ment , tion, sion, ence , ance , er , or, ing, ity, ism, ist,ice , dom, ure, y, al , th , age , ess ,

ness, ship, hood, edge . )

Verb

مواقع الفعل

بشرط ان ال يأتي بعد الفراغ فعل فإذا جاء بعد الفراغ فعل نضع ظرف.

. بعد األفعال الشكلية 1

(shall, should, will, would, ought to, had to, has to, have to, must, may, might, can,

could)

students can use the tablets to do tasks.

. بعد الفاعل 2

Experts recommend a mixture of activities

) فعل مجرد( To. بعد 3

The antibodies needed t oprotect against childhood diseases.

I need to calculate how long it will take me to drive to Aqaba.

) فعل مجرد( didn't , doesn't, don't. بعد 4

Maha didn't expect her result

.

يقع الفعل بعد الفاعل مجرد , did , do , does . في جملة السؤال التي تحتوي على 5

Did Maha expect her result?

let , help, make. بعد األفعال التالية 6

A fireproof helmet will help rescue workers in emergencies.

((who, which. بعد ضمائر الوصل 7

His father, who wears an artificial leg, could not swim in the sea.

. بين اسمين8

computers communicate people all over the world

.

28

لواحق الفعل

en, -ize, -ate, -ise, -ify

Adjective

مواقع الصفة

. قبل االسم 1

The idea of complementary treatment is no longer an alien concept

Adeeb got the idea for a special kind of prosthetic leg

. بعد الظرف2

School children are less physically active than they use to be .

verb to be (be, is, am, are, was, were, been ). بعد 3

Many people are excited about the Internet of things

(get, become, seem, look, appear, taste, smell, feel, sound, grow. بعد األفعال االتية ) 4

This cake taste delicious.

The children have all been successful in their chosen careers.

, (more, less, the most, the least). في جمل المقارنة و التفضيل بعد5

beبشرط ان يكون بالجملة احد أشكال ال( as …….as )مع

Amman isn't as hot as Aqaba

Basketball is more exciting than volleyball .

( very, too, so, a bit, quite, ratherالكلمات التالية ) . بعد 6

Email exchanges is very useful in the class room

ظرف very: قد يأتي بعد كلمة مالحظة

Ali always drives his car very carefully

لواحق الصفة

ible, able, ive, ish, ic, ical, al, ful , ous, less , ant, ent,ary

( ingو لغير العاقل ed بعض الصفات تنتهي ) للعاقل

(excited, exciting/ bored, boring/ amazed, amazing/ interested ,interesting )

.

29

Adverb

مواقع الظرف

قبل الصفة .1

The book is extremely difficult

. بين الفعل المساعد و الفعل الرئيسي2

The wind is violently blowing.

. قبل او بعد الفعل الرئيسي 3

The food was badly cooked

The man walked quickly

. فراغ في بدايه الجملة و بعده فاصلة و جملة متكاملة 4

Fortunately, I was able to find a new job.

. في وسط الجملة بين فاصلة منقوطة و فاصلة 5

No formal complaint was made; accordingly, the police took no action.

كلمات االشتقاق للمستوى المهني

.

30

Noun Verb Adjective adverb

Production

Product

Producer

Produce Productive Productively

Medicine ------------ Medical Medically

Nine ------------ Ninth Ninthly

Inheritance

Inheritor

Inherit Inheritable -------------

Origin Originate Original

Originality

Originally

Invention

Inventor

Invent Inventive Inventively

Discovery

Discoverer

Discover Discovered

Discoverable

------------

Influence influence Influential influentially

Algebra ------------ algebraic ------------

creation create created ------------

neutrality neutralise neutral ------------

Critic/criticism criticise critical ------------

Desalination desalinate ------------ ------------

geometry ------------ geometric geometrically

------------ break breaking ------------

inheritance inherit ------------ ------------

irrigation irrigate ------------ ------------

Mathematics/

mathematician

------------ mathematical ------------

pedestrian ------------ pedestrian ------------

philosopher philosophise philosophical ------------

Translation/translator traslate ------------ ------------

variation vary variable ------------

Agreement Agree ------------ ------------

Corporation Corporate Corporational ------------

Domesticity Domesticate Domestic ------------

Dominance Dominate Dominant ------------

Exportation / export Export ------------ ------------

------------ Extend Extensive Extensively

Extraction Extract ------------ ------------

.

31

Fertilization/

fertilizer

Fertilise Fertile ------------

Importation/import Import Imported ------------

Intention Intend Intentional ------------

Mineral ------------ Mineral ------------

Negotiation Negotiate Negotiable ------------

Pharmaceuticals ------------ Pharmaceutical ------------

Reserve Reserve ------------ ------------

Adaptation Adapt Adaptable ------------

Ambition ------------ Ambitious ------------

Attribute/ attribution Attribute ------------ ------------

Competence ------------ Competent ------------

Conscience ------------ Conscientious ------------

------------ Enclose Enclosed ------------

Enthusiasm Enthusiastic Enthusiastically

Intern/internship Intern ------------ ------------

Interpreter

Interpretation

Interpret ------------ ------------

Reference Refer ------------ ------------

Region ------------ Regional ------------

Reward Reward Rewarding ------------

Security Secure Secure ------------

Surveyor /survey Survey ------------ ------------

Volunteer ------------ Voluntary ------------

Qualification Qualify Qualified ------------

Recommendation Recommend Recommended ------------

Success Succeed Successful Successfully

Advice Advise Advised Advisedly

Youth ------------ Young ------------

Awareness ------------ aware ------------

.

32

Complete the following sentences with the suitable words derived from the words in

brackets and write the answers down in your ANSWER BOOKLET

1. The invention of penicillin has been an important advance in ------- science. ( medicine)

2. A new research has led to many important advances in modern --------------. ( medically)

3. It is ---------------- important to have your heart checked on regular basis. ( medicine)

4. The Arabs were advanced in many sciences in the ------------ century. (nine)

5. Rola came in the -------------- place in a running race. (ninthly)

6. My father has been the most ---------- person in my life. ( influence)

7. I'm not trying to ------------ your decision by anyway. (influential)

8. The castle was --------------- built on a top of a hill. ( create)

9. You need to be ------------- in order to succeed. ( creation )

10. I've read an interesting book on the ------------ of the universe. (creatively)

11. Those who -------------- fine arts are advised a visit to the new museum. ( appreciative)

12. I'm not sure you have an ------------- of the complexity of the situation. (appreciate)

13. You can't work on that complex machine unless you------ a computer program. (installation)

14. Out products are designed for easy -------------. (install)

Answers: 1.medical 2. medicine 3. medically 4. ninth 5. ninth 6. influential 7. influence

8.creatively 9. creative 10. creation 11. appreciate 12.appreciation 13.install 14 installation.

C: Choose the suitable item derived from those between practices, complete each of

the following sentences and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

1. The Middle East is famous for the --------------------------- of olive oil. (produce - productive -

production)

2. Ibn Sina wrote ------------------------- textbooks. (medicine - medical - medically)

3. Fatima al-Fihri was born in the ---------------------- century. (nine – ninth )

4. My father bought our house with an ---------------------------- from his grandfather. (inherit –

inherited - inheritance)

5. Don't talk to the drivers. They must ---------------------- (concentration, concentrate, concentrated)

6. in your opinion, it is ------------------- to start revising at dawn (advice, advisable, advise)

C: Answers: 1. Production 2. Medical 3. Ninth 4.inheritance 5.concentrate 6.advisable

.

33

Module 4 /Unit 9

القيام بعمل تجاري في الصين

Doing business in china

Word English meaning Arabic meaning

Track record All of a person's or organisations past achievements,

successes or failures which show how well they have

done something

/ او األداءسجل

االنجاز

Do a deal To arrange an agreement in business يعقد صفقة

Give business

card

To give someone a card that shows a business person's

name, position and contact details

يقدم بطاقة االعمال

Shake hands To move someone's hand up and down in a greeting يصافح / يسلم باليد

Make small

talk

To have an informal chat with someone in order to start

a conversation

يعمل حوار بسيط

Tell a joke To say something to make people laugh يقول نكتة

Be able to

answer

detailed

questions

To have the ability to understand complicated questions

and respond to them appropriately

ان يكون قادرا على

االجابة على اسئلة

منفصلة

negotiate To discuss something in order to reach an agreement,

especially in business or politics

يفاوض

تجاري في الصينالقيام بعمل

Doing business in china

اليوم نتحدث أعماليقيم رجل الصين يزور غالبا الذي عمان

Today, we talk to Mr Ghanem, a businessman based in Amman who often visits China.

بدأ اول متى سالناه التجارية ممارسة األعماللصين ا

We asked him When he first started doing business with China?

التجارية ممارسة قمت األعمالالصين مع ةلسنوات عد األولى عام في هناك كانت رحلتي كانت

'I've been doing business with china for many years. My first trip there was in 2004 CE,and it was

ليست كثيراناجحة

not very successful.

ناجحة ليست كانت لماذا

Why was it not successful?

هم عمان في شركة حاسوب صغيرة ل عملت أرسلونيكنت عندما الصين ل أزال

'I worked for a small computer company in Amman. They sent me to china when I was still

شابا صغيرا أنالشركة لو أدركت أنبار السن يحترمون الصينيين الخبرة و ك

quite young. If only the company had realised that the Chinese respect age and experience

أكثرالشباب من

more than youth!'

هل أنتارتكبت أي أخطاءالزيارة تلك في

Did you make any mistakes on that visit? نعم أتمنىدرست تكون من اجل البلد زرت قبل الثقافة الصينية أن

'Yes! I wish I had researched Chinese culture before I visited the country. In order to be

.

34

الصين في النجاح تحتاج إلىاحترامهم كسب

successful in china, you need to earn their respect.

الصينيين عمالاأل لكن الماضي في نجاحات الشركة عن يسألون دائما رجال

Chinese business people will always ask about a company's successes in the past. However,

لم شركة جديدة ل اعمل كنت ألنني أتمكن أتكلمعن ل بعمل نقوم لم نحن االداء/ االنجاز سج

because I worked for a new company, I could not talk about its track record. We did not do

تجارية اي تلك صفقات أولرحلة

any business deals on that first trip'

الصين في ناجحا تكون كيف تعلمت متى

When did you learn how to be successful in China? شركة كبيرة اشتغلت أرسلونيالتالية في دورة توعية ثقافية في

'I joined a larger company and they sent me on a cultural awareness course. On my next

الصين زيارة األمرشيء اعرف لم مثل بدا أيفي األولىزيارة

visit to China, it felt as if I hadn’t known anything on my first visit!'

1. Who is Mr Ghanem ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...……

2. Which sentence indicates that the Chinese appreciates the skill and knowledge a person has?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………

3. Mr Ghanem's first business trip to china wasn’t successful mention two reasons?

…………………………………………………………………………………………...……………

4. What was Mr Ghanem's mistake in his first visit to China?

…………………………………………………………………………………………...……………

5. Why didn’t Mr Ghanem mention his company's track-record on his first trip?

………………………………………………………………………………………………...………

6. Quote a sentence which indicates that Mr Ghanem regret about his visit to China?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...……...…

7. What do Chinese business people ask about?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

8.According to Mr Ghanem, what do you need to have if you want to be successful in your business

trip to China? Write down two things?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

9.Mr Ghanem did two things in order to be successful in his second visit to China. Write them

down.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….....

10.What helped Mr Ghanem to be successful on his next business trip to china?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

11.What changed when Mr Ghanem visited china for the second time?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...……

12.What does the underlined word "track record" mean?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...............…

13.What do the underlined pronouns refer to ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………

ما ل تعطي تستطيع نصيحة تجارية عمل يريدون الناس عمالا الصين

What advice can you give to people wanting to do business in China? الشركة زيارة قبل أرسل انا عمالء سابقين من توصيات ارسل ايضا

'Before I visit a company, I send recommendation from previous clients. I also send

ظيفي مع بطاقة عملي اللغة الصينية الى مترجمة مؤهالتي و منصبي الو

my business card with my job position and qualifications translated into Chinese'.

.

35

الصين اجتماع االخير عن تخبرنا هل تستطيع

Can you tell us about your last meeting in china?

ال في الوقت وصلت طبعا أنعندما ثم عدم االحترام يظهر الن ذلك متأخرا الوصول يجب

'Of course! I arrived on time. You must not arrive late, as this shows disrespect. Then, when

مدير الشركة قابلت عمل االجتماع بدأت لطف معه تصافحت

I met the company director, I shook hands with him gently. I began the meeting by making

ممتعة عن محادثة صغيرة االجتماع خالل خبرات تأكدت

small talk about my interesting experiences in china. During the meeting, I made sure that

لغة الجسد و الصوت ال قد نكتة اخبر ابدا تحت السيطرة هادئ

my voice and body language were calm and controlled. I never told a joke, as this may not

قد او صحيح تترجم اساءة تسبب

be translated correctly or could cause offence.'

اجتماع ناجح هل

Was it a successful meeting? كان كذلك نعم قبل بشكل كامل عملي بحث المدير ان علمت

'Yes, it was. I knew that the director had researched my business thoroughly before the

مفصلة ل مستعد االجتماع سئلةا بدأت مفاوضات بدأت عندما

meeting, so I was prepared for his detailed questions. When I began negotiating, I started

قضايا هامة مع المهم دائما نزاع تجنب يؤمنون الصينيون

with the important issues. The Chinese believe in avoiding conflict. It is always important to

مستعد كنت صبور ناجحا كان اجتماعا النهاية في حلول وسطية

be patient. I was prepared to compromise, so in the end, the meeting was successful.'

1. Quote the sentence which indicates that Chinese respect the time?

……………………………………………………………………...…………………………………

2. Mr Ghanem did important things before and during his meeting with the director of the Chinese

company. Write down three things he did.

……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………

3. What is considered polite behaviour of conduct in China when doing business? Write down two

of them.

……………………………………………………………………………...…………………………

4. Why does Mr Ghanem avoid telling jokes at business meeting in China?

…………………………………………………………………………………………...……………

5. Mr Ghanem avoids telling a joke during the meeting for two reasons. Mention them.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………

6. Mention two qualities for Chinese people?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………

7. Mr Ghanem did positive things during the meeting. Mention two of them.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………

8. Chinese people don’t like conflict. What should you do to avoid conflict with them? Write down

two pieces of advice.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...……

Critical thinking

Do you think that you would be successful business person in China? Why / why not? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

36

Answer: No, I don’t think I will be successful now because I am too young and have no experience

Chinese value old age and experience.

Vocabulary

Complete the explanations with the words from the box.one word is not needed.

Compromise حل وسط conflict نزاع negotiate يفاوض patient صبور prepared مستعد

previous سابق track record سجل االنجاز

1. When you talk about business and try to do a deal, you -------------------

2. When you are ready for something , you are --------------- for it.

3. When you can prove that you have experience, you have a --------------

4. When two sides disagree and argue, there is ----------------

5. When each side changes their position a little so that they can agree, they have managed to ------

6. When you stay calm and take your time, you are being -------------------

Answer:1. Negotiate 2. Prepared 3. Track record 4. conflict 5.compromise 6. patient

يجب حفظ مشتقات الكلمات التالية :

Noun verb Adjective Adverb

Qualification Qualify Qualified

Recommendation Recommend Recommended

Success Succeed Successful Successfully

Advice Advise Advised Advisedly

Youth Young

Awareness aware

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. The first one is

done for you.

1. Before you apply for a job, check that you have the correct qualifications.

( qualify,qualification, qualified)

2. The company is pleased with your work and is happy to give you a ----------

(recommend, recommendation,recommanded).

3. Congratulations on a very ----------------- business deal.

(succeed, successful, successfully, success )

.

37

4. We should always be ready to listen to good ---------------.

( advise, advised, advice, advisedly)

5. My father often talks about what he did in his ---------------------.

( young, youth)

6. It's important to have an ---------------- of different countries' customs.

( aware, awareness)

Grammar

صيغ الماضي غير الحقيقي ) التمني (

Unreal past forms

أتمنى . ( wish)يا ليت / ( If only)هناك طريقتان للتعبير عن الندم اما باستخدام

Unreal past forms for past regrets

We use wish or if only + past perfect to express regrets about the past. We might use it to reflect on

past actions if we are trying to improve our work or our behaviour.

للتعبير عن الندم إلشياء حصلت او لم تحصل في الماضي . wish /if only + past perfect ( had +V3)نستخدم

عند التحويل نقوم بنفي الجملة المثبتة واثبات الجملة المنفية .

I didn’t do much work for my exam.

I wish I had done more work for my exam.

I didn’t wake up early and I missed my bus.

If only I had woken up early.

I ate a lot.

I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.

I didn’t check the brakes of the car.

If only I had checked the brakes of the car.

I didn’t take piano lessons when I was child..

If only I had taken lessons when I was a child.

Unreal past forms for present wishes.

We use wish or If only + past simple to express wishes about the present that are impossible or

unlikely to happen.

للتعبير عن الندم حول امر في الزمن الحاضر نتمنى ان يتغير او عن االوضاع wish / If only + past simpleنستخدم قاعدة

المستحيل تغييرها.

عند التحويل نقوم بنفي الجملة المثبتة واثبات الجملة المنفية .

We don’t live in a village.

I wish we lived in a village.

I have an exam tomorrow.

If only I didn’t have an exam tomorrow.

He lives in a small flat.

If only he didn’t live in a small flat.

.

38

Note : we usually say I wish / If only + were .

( weren't)مع جميع الضمائر المفرد والجمع والنفي ب (were)من االقوى قواعديا استخدام الفعل مالحظة :

Ahmad is short

Ahmad wishes he weren’t short or Ahmad wishes he were taller

We are not old enough to go the university.

If only we were older.

The weather is too hot.

I wish the weather weren’t too hot.

ال يتم تغيير الجملة من حيث النفي و االثبات . would like to/ I hope ( I'd like to )اذا كان في الجملة مالحظة :

I'd like to live in America.

I wish I lived in America.

He wouldn’t like to study medicine.

If only he didn’t study medicine.

I hope to visit Paris.

I wish I visited Paris.

مالحظات :

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

جدول التحويالت لجمل التمني

Is , am ,are

Isn’t, am not, aren’t ,

Was, were,

Wasn’t , weren’t

Didn’t + V (base)

V2

V (base)/ V+s, es

Don’t , doesn’t +V ( base)

can

Weren't

Were

Hadn't been

Had been

Had + V3

Hadn't + V3

Didn’t + V ( base)

V2

Couldn’t

Practice 1

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Ali did not pass his exams. If only he --------------- harder last year. (study)

2. Ziad did not know about Chinese culture when he went on a business trip to china. He wishes

he------------- a cultural awareness course.(do)

3. It was too hot to go to the beach yesterday. If only it ---------------- cooler.(be)

4. I feel ill. I wish I ------------ so many sweets! (not eat)

Answer:1. had studied 2. Had done 3. Had been 4. Hadn’t eaten

Practice 2

Choose the most suitable verb form to complete these sentences.

1. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he ---------- taller! (is / were / was )

2. I can't do this exercise. I wish I --------- it. (understood / understand / understanding )

.

39

3. Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman. If only he ------------ Chinese.

(speak / spoke / had spoken )

4. Jordan needs to import a lot of oil. If only it ------------- larger oil reserves. ( has/ had / had had)

Answer :1. were 2. Understood 3. Spoke 4. Had

Practice 3

Complete the sentences with words from the box. The first one is done for you.

Had(x2) hadn’t if only wish

1. I couldn’t understand anything. If only I'd studied Chinese!

2. Ibrahim was right and I was wrong. I wish I -------------- listened to him .

3. I -------------- I'd know more about the company. If ------------- I'd done some research!

4. I am very hungry! I wish I ---------------- eaten before I went to the conference.

5. I regret the deal now. I wish we -------------- done it.

Answer : 1. if 2. Had 3. Wish ; only 4. Had 5. Hadn’t

Practice 4

Read the situations and complete the sentences. The first one is done for you.

1. Sultan forgot to do his science homework.

If only he hadn’t forgotten to do it.

2. I regret going to bed late last night.

I wish I --------------------- earlier.

3. Nahla could not find her way round the city very easily.

If only she --------------- a map.

4. Oh no! I've forgotten my library book. I left it at home .

I wish I ---------------------.

5. Our team didn’t play very well yesterday.

If only they ----------------- better.

Answer : 2. had gone. 3. Had had / had brought 4. Hadn’t forgotten it / hadn’t left at home

6. Had played

Practice 5

Use the prompts and write sentences with I wish and if only. The first one is done for

you

1. I'm cold.( Brig a coat )

If only I'd brought a coat.

I wish l'd brought a coat.

2. We're late. (Get up earlier)

---------------------------------

---------------------------------

3. I feel ill. (Not eat so many sweets)

.

40

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

4. Fadi has lost his wallet. (Be more careful)

------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------

5. Huda was too busy to visit us yesterday. (Be able to come)

-------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

6. I've broken my watch.( Not drop it)

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

Answer : 2. if only we'd got earlier. / I wish we'd got up earlier.3. if only I hadn’t eaten so many

sweets. / I wish I hadn’t eaten so many sweets.4. if only he had been more careful. / I wish he'd been

more careful.5. if only she'd been able to come. / I wish she had been able to come./ if only I hadn’t

dropped it/ I wish I hadn’t dropped it.

Practice 6

Rewrite the sentence with the words in brackets.

1. Samia regrets being angry at breakfast time.(only )

----------------------------------------------------------------

2. If only I had concentrated properly in class today. This homework is really difficult.(I )

----------------------------------------------------------------

3. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn’t get a good mark. (Wishes)

---------------------------------------------------------------------

4. I wish I had learnt English better when I was younger. (if)

-----------------------------------------------------------------

5. I wish I'd done more revision. (only)

--------------------------------------------------------------------

6. I am sorry that I didn’t read that book. ( I wish )

-------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer:1- If only Samia hadn’t been angry at breakfast time.2- I wish I had concentrated properly

in class today.3- Nader wishes he had been more careful with his essay.4- If only I had learnt

English better when I was younger.5- If only I'd done more revision.6- I wish I had read that book.

Practice 7

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the following prompts. The first one is

done for you.

Be older have a camera with me live in a big house

not have a headache not be so far away like the same things

1. Our flat is very small

If only we lived in a big house.

2. Jabber isn’t old enough to drive a car

he wishes he ---------------------------------

.

41

3. My brother and I never want to watch the same TV programme.

I wish we --------------------------------------

4. I'm looking at a beautiful view, and I'd love to take a photo.

If I only ----------------------------------------

5. My cousins don’t live near here.

I wish they -----------------------------------

6. I want to go out this afternoon, but I don’t feel well.

If only I ---------------------------------------

Answer:2- was older 3- liked the same things 4- had a camera with me 5- weren't so far away

6- didn’t have a headache.

Practice 8 / تمرين خارجي

1. I wish I lived near my school (sorry).

------------------------------------------------

2. If only I was so good at maths ( regret).

I ---------------------------------------------------

3. He wishes he had saved some money (regret).

He --------------------------------------------------

4. I can't sleep at night ( if only).

If ------------------------------------

5. He isn’t rich (wishes).

He -----------------------------------

6. I don’t have enough money to buy a car ( had).

If -----------------------------------------------

7. I'm really tired this morning.

I wish -----------------------------------------

8. I would really like to be famous.

I wish I ---------------------------------

9. I'm sorry I am too nervous today.

I wish -----------------------------------

10. The weather is hot at the moment.

I wish --------------------------------

11. I am not very good at maths.

I wish ----------------------------

12. It is a pity I don’t know the title of her new book.

I wish I -------------------------------------------------

13. Oh no! I've forgotten my library book. I left it at home.

I wish I ------------------------------------------------------

14. It is shame you didn’t pass your final exams.

I wish ----------------------------------------------

15. We couldn’t meet the manager yesterday.

If only --------------------------------------------

16. Huda regrets being aggressive with her friend yesterday.

Huda wishes she -------------------------------------------------

17. I regret that I ate too much at lunch today.

I wish I -----------------------------------------------

.

42

18. What a pity! I don’t speak any foreign language.

If only ------------------------------------------------------

19. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn’t get a good mark.

Nader wishes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20. I'm sorry that I can't help you.

I wish I ------------------------------

21. Nawal regrets that she is very fat.

Nawal wishes she ---------------------

22. Hamza should have trained well. He lost the match.

Hamza wishes ---------------------------------------------

23. It’s a pity that I don’t live near my school.

I wish I --------------------------------------------

24. I have trusted him, but I found it was wrong.

I wish I ---------------------------------------------

25. If only I had concentrated properly in class today, this homework is really difficult.

I wish --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

26. I am sorry I don’t know how to use the laptop.

If only-----------------------------------------------

Study the following sentences and answer the question that follows each one.

I really feel hungry, I wish I had had my breakfast.

- What is the function of using wish in the above sentence?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is raining, we can't go out, I wish it weren’t raining now.

- What is the function of using wish in the above sentence?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

اسئلة وزارة سنوات سابقة على قواعد التمني

Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one

before it, and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET

1. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn’t get a good mark.

Nader Wishes ---------------------------------------------------------------------

2.I read slowly and would like to read more quickly.

I wish -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.I don’t have my dictionary with me

I wish---------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.I don’t have a keys of my office.

I wish ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.I didn’t do much work for my exam.

I wish----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ANSWERS:

1. Nader wishes he had been more careful with his essay./2. I wish I read more quickly / I wish I

didn’t read slowly /3. I wish i had my dictionary with me /4. I wish i had a keys of my office/5.I

wish Ihad done much work for my exam.

.

43

مستوردات وصادرات بلدنا

Our country's imports and exports

Word English meaning Arabic meaning

Import Goods bought from other countries استيراد

Export Goods sold to another country تصدير

Extraction The process of removing and obtaining something

from something else

استخراج

Mineral A substance that is present in some foods and is

needed for good health; a substance that is found

naturally in the earth

معادن / معدن

Fertilizer A substance that is put on the land to make crops

grow

االسمدة

Pharmaceuticals Companies which produce drugs and medicine / شركات دوائية

الصناعات الدوائية

Gross domestic

product

The value of a country's total output of goods and

services

الناتج المحلي االجمالي

Dominate To be the most important feature of something يهيمن / يسيطر

Reserve Something kept back or set aside, especially for

future use

احتياطي

Agreement An arrangement or promise to do something, made

by two or more people, companies or

organisations.

اتفاقية

Goods Things that are produced in order to be sold بضائع

امستوردات وصادرات بلدن

Our country's imports and exports

تقرير هذا سننظر التي الدول األردن مع تتاجر وتصدرها السلع ما و

In this report, we will look at the countries that Jordan trades with and what goods it exports and

تستوردها الصادرات لنلقي نظرة اوال استخراجية فوسفات بوتاس غني االردن

imports. First, let's look at exports. Jordan is rich in potash and phosphate, and the extraction

المعادن لهذه الصناعة من واحدة األضخمالعالم في ليس بمستغر االردن

industry for these minerals is one of the largest in the world not surprisingly, two of Jordan's

يائية هي صادرات اكبر االسمدة و الكيم من تمثل الصناعات غيرها و الصناعات الدوائية

largest exports are chemicals and fertilisers.Pharmaceuticals and other industries represent 30% of

االردن الناتج المحلي االجماليمن و األردنيةيتم تصديرها الصناعات الدوائية

Jordan's Gross Domestic product (GDP), and 75% of Jordan's pharmaceuticals are exported.

غالبية ومع ذلك و السفر معظمها الخدمات بواسطة تسيطر االقتصاد السياحة

However, the majority (65%) of the economy is dominated by services, mostly travel and tourism.

من الكثير االردنية العراق تذهب الى الصادراتالسعودية و الهند امريكا

Most of Jordan's exports go to Iraq, the USA, India and Saudi Arabia.

.

44

1. What is the aim (purpose) of this report?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Quote the sentence which indicates that Jordan has a lot of natural resources?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Jordan has many precious resources. Mention two of them.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. What are the main exports of Jordan mention two of them?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What does the article suggest that many of Jordan's fertilisers are made from?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. What economy sector has the highest percentage of Jordan's Gross Domestic products (G.D.P)?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. What is the percentage of pharmaceuticals that Jordan exports?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Jordan exports it goods to many countries. Mention two of them other than Iraq?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Write down the sentence which shows that pharmaceuticals play an important role in Jordan's

economy?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. What does the underlined phrase "these minerals" refer to?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. What does the underlined word "dominated" mean?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

يملك ال االردن الشرق االوسط في الدول االخرى بعض على عكس الواردات لنلقي نظرة اآلن

Now let's look at imports. Unlike some other countries in the middle east, Jordan does not have

ضخمة احتياطات غازاوالنفط السبب هذا ل ن النفط الستيراد مضطر االرد ل الغاز واحتياجات الطاقة

large oil or gas reserves. for that reason, Jordan has to import oil and gas for its energy needs. Its

الواردات الرئيسية السيارات و االدوية لقمحا من واردات االردن

other main imports are cars, medicines and wheat. In 2013CE, 23.6% of Jordan's imports were from

السعودية هذا االتحاد االوروبي يتبع عم تاتي الواردات االخرى وارداتها

Saudi Arabia. This was followed by the EU, with 17.6% of its imports. Other imports have come

من الصين الواليات المتحدة

from china and the United States.

1. Jordan has to import oil and gas, mention the reason?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Why does Jordan import a lot of oil and gas?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Mention three of Jordan's main imports?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. According to the text, what countries does Jordan import its goods from?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Which country supplies Jordan with most of its imports?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Find the word which mean the same as "something kept back or set aside , especially for future

use"?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

45

بحرية يتاجر انه دول عربية اخرى اي اكثر اتفاقيات تجارة حرة اكثر لديه االردن

Jordan has more free trade agreements than any other Arab country, and it trades freely

ذلك بلدان العديد معالواليات المتحدة االمريكية بما في كندا ماليزيا و المهمة المجاالت االخرى ماهي

with many countries, including the USA, Canada and Malaysia.Which other areas are important

تجارة االردن ل االردنوقَعت اوال تجارية اتفاقية روبي مع حرة وقَعت االتحاد االو

for Jordan's trade? Jordan first signed a trade agreement with the EU in 1997CE.It signed a free

ةتجار تونس و المغرب مصر مع اتفاقية اتفاقية تجارية اخرى

trade agreement with Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia in 2004 CE, 2011 CE, another trade agreement

تحاد االوروبي مع عُقدت اال ر مص تونس و المغرب ارة شمال افريقيا و االتحاد االوروبي مع التج

was made with the EU, Egypt Morocco and Tunisia. (4) trade with the EU and north Africa in

تنمو محتمل بشكل خاص

particular is likely to grow.

1. Quote the sentence which indicates the first trade agreement that Jordan signed?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Jordan achieved a lot of things in order to revive its economy. Mention two things Jordan did?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Why is trade with the EU and North Africa likely to grow?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Jordan has a lot of trade agreements with many countries, mention two of these countries?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What does the underlined word "agreement" mean?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Guided writing

Read the information in the table below about benefits of signing trade agreement and

then write a two sentence paragraph about them. Use the appropriate linking words

such as: and ,too. Also…etc.

-Increase production

- -Enhance international cooperation

- -Increase competition and exports

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

46

Collocations

Make a mistake يرتكب خطأ ما

Make small talk يلقي كلمات قصيرة / حوار قصير

Cause offence يسبب االذى والضرر

Earn respect يكسب االحترام

Join a company يلتحق بشركة من اجل العمل

Shake hands يصافح

Ask question يطرح االسئلة

Complete the collocations with the verbs in the box. One verb is not needed. The first

one is done for you.

Ask cause do earn join make(x2) shake

1. Make a mistake

2. ----------------- questions.

3. ----------------- hands.

4. ----------------- respect.

5. ----------------- a company.

6. ----------------- Offence.

7. ----------------- small talk.

Complete the collocations with collocations from exercise 1. The first one is done for

you.

1. Be very careful when you answer the questions. And try not to ----------------.

2. If you are polite, you won't ------------------------- or upset anybody.

3. Before the serious discussion starts, we always -------------------- it's often about the weather!

4. Nasser has applied to --------------- the ------------------- where his father works.

5. In business, when you meet someone for the first time, it's polite to ----------------------

6. After the talk, there will be a chance for you to ------------------------- about anything you don’t

understand.

7. By working hard, you will ----------------------- the ------------------------ of your boss.

Answers:1. Make a mistake2. Cause offence 3. Make small talk 4. Join /company5. Shake hands

6.ask question 7. earn/ respect .

.

47

كيف تقدم خطابا تسويقيا

How to make a sales pitch


Sales pitch The statements and promises that someone makes to try

to persuade someone to buy something

خطاب البيع

Marketing The study of selling products to the appropriate customer التسويق

سواء كمبيوتر أحدث الصيدليات من سلسلة ل معجون اسنان من نوع جديد تبيع انت

Whether you're selling a new type of toothpaste to a chain of pharmacies. The latest computer

برامج او للمدراس نت وكالة سفر ل عطالت حزمة من نوع جديد اتعرف ل تحتاج

software to a school or a new kind of package holiday to a travel agency- you need to know….

1. Do your research قم ببحثك ال تتراجع بيع عن لو كنت تتمنى خطاب ري من استعداد افضل ان الضروتعرف

Don’t come away from a sale pitch wishing you had been better prepared. It is essential to know

عن كل شيء جك منتمتى هل تعرف تم انتاجه يتم اين و اختراعه

everything about your product. do you know when it was developed, and where it is produced?

دخل او الفئة العمرية مثال السوق المستهدف من هو معرفة ل تحتاج ايضا انت الناس

You also need to know who the target market is- for example, the age group or income of the people

الذين يشترون قد فحسب يجب ان ليس ذاك عن كل شيء تعرف منتجات مشابهة هل يوجد منافسة

who might buy it. Not only that, you should know all about the competition- that is, similar

products

في سلعتك لماذا السوق لماذا و االخرون تتفوق/ تمتاز عن افضل تمتلك باالضافة قيمة

on the market why is your product superior to others and why does it have better value? in addition,

بالضبط تعرف يجب عليك و تخاطبهم الناس اي احتياجاتهم ما هي اذا مثال

you should know exactly which people you are speaking to, and what their needs are for example,

وى قدم/ عرضواالحي المتواضع في محل للتسوق متوسط المست توضح لكي جاهز كن

if They represent a middle-class department store in a humble neighbourhood, be ready to explain

لماذا سلعتك/ منتجك بالتحديد زبائن تناسب ال يملكون لذي يجعل نقود كثيراا ما

why your particular product would suit customers who do not have lots of money what makes your

ممتاز سلعتك بالنسبة لهم

product perfect for them?

ان اهم شيء الذي تؤمن تحتاج قة افضل و تبيع في الشيء له طريبنفسك تفع ه تستخدم

Most of all, you need to believe in what you're selling, and the best way to do that is to use it!

1. What is meant by target market?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Mention two basic information we should have about the products we are intending to sell?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. The writer says that you should know all information about your product mention two of this

information.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. You need to know who the target market is. Give one example?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

48

5. The writer says that we should know all about the competition that is similar products on the

market. is he justified? Explain

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. There are some pieces of information that a sales person should know about customers. Mention

them.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. According to the writer, there are many things should be researched before making a selling

pitch. Mention two of them.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Prepare and practise جهز نفسك جيدا وتدرب بالتخطيط بحذر عرض للسلعة قم ستقوله ماذا ليس فقط كنسوف تقولها كيف ل تقرأها هل

Plan your presentation carefully, not just what you will say, but how you will say it. Will you read it

كلمة كلمة مالحظات استخدم و غيبا ااحفظها ا مهما تقرران تمتلك فكرة جيدة دائم

word by word, use notes or memorise it? Whatever you decide, it is always a good idea to have a

قائمة ببساطة او قاطعك شيئ ما في حالة نقاط رئيسية يصيبك توتر

list of your main points, in case something interrupts you, or you simply freeze with nerves

مارسها ثم قد يحدث هذا مرة اخرى تدرب عليها تغيرات اعمل زمالءك امام كان ممكنا اذا

(it happens!) Then practise it, if possible in front of colleagues. Make changes and practise it again.

1.The author advises on making good preparation for your sales pitch .write down two of these

preparations?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Sellers are advised to have a list of their sales pitch. Mention two reason.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. The writer suggests different procedures you should do in order to be well prepared for your

presentation. Mention two of these procedures

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. There are three options for planning presentation. Write two of them down.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Be professional كن محترفا حافظ على ان بسيطة و قصيرة عرضك للسلعة لطيفة بعض ابدأ ب /دودة اشكر مثال تعليقات

Keep your presentation short and simple. Start with some friendly comments. For example, thank

المستضيفين تذكر ان شركة قم بمديح للحديث لسماحهم لك

your hosts for allowing you to speak to them , and compliment their company . remember to

ببطئ تتكلم واثقا تظهر من المهم ان بشكل واضح و انت بينما متوتر كنت حتى لو

speak slowly and clearly. It is important to appear confident (even if you're nervous!). while you're

تتحدث ك رأسك منخفض ال تبقي مع التواصل بالعيون و الغرفة انظر حول بدال من ذل

speaking, don’t keep your head down . instead, look round the room and make eye contact with

ابقى مبتسم جمهور/ حضور

your audience, Smile!

ادعوهم لطرح التحدث تنتهي من عندما ال تتكلف و تتظاهر االجابات تعرف اذا كنت ال اذا اسئلة

When you've finished speaking, invite questions. If you don’t know the answer, don’t pretend!

ان تجد اوعدهم و طارحي االسئلة قم بشكر قم بهذا االمر االجابة

Thank the questioner and promise to find out the answer (and do it)

ملخص امتلك واخيرا الجلسة نهاية في لتوزعها جاهزة لعرضك للسلعة

Finally, have a summary of your presentation ready to hand out at the end of the session.

.

49

عندما هذا كل اعرف لو انني كنت اتمنى حظا سعيدا التجارة / العمل بدأت

I wish I had known all this when I started out in business! Good luck!

1. According to the expert, what qualities should your presentation or your sales pitch have? Write

down two qualities.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. While giving the presentation, what does the expert recommend that sellers should do? Write

down two recommendations.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Quote the sentence that indicates sellers should be honest if they don’t know some information

the buyers asking to know about.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. What should be done with the summary of the presentation?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vocabulary

Find the expressions 1-5 in the text, then match them with their meanings.

1. Package holiday --------------

2. Sales pitch ---------------------

3. Target market ----------------

4. Age group ---------------------

5. Department store --------------

a) People who are identified as possible customers

b) A set of people of similar age

c) A presentation made by someone who is trying to sell a product

d) An organised trip with everything included in the price ( travel, accommodation, food)

e) A large shop that sells many different types of things .

Critical thinking

To be a successful and convincing sales person you should have some personal qualities

write down three good qualities you think a sales person should have.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer: a. be self _ confident b .honest with their customers c. enthusiastic and active

.

50

Writing

الرسالة الشخصية

Informal letter

Layout;

Our address……..

The date……….

Greeting :

Dear ……………… نبدأ الرسالة الشخصية بكلمة عزيزي ثم نكتب بعدها اسم الشخص المرسل اليه

Introduction:

Say hello, ask a few personal questions and / or make a few chatty comments. How are you?

Very well, I hope. I'm doing fine……………….

حيث نبدأ الرسالة بكلمة مرحبا ونسأل بعض األسئلة الشخصية البسيطة مثل السؤال عن الصحة/األهل/ العمل / المقدمة :

الدراسة واالمنيات

Paragraph 1: state your main reason for writing . anyway I am writing to ……………..

الفقرة االولى : حيث نشرح بها السبب الرئيسي لكتابة الرسالة

Paragraph 2: finish the letter with an excuse to stop writing.

Well, I have to go now because ………………….

إنهاء الرسالة بطريقة مهذبة مع إعطاء عذر ما إلنهاء الرسالة الفقرة الثانية : حيث يتم بها

Signing off

Say good bye and sign your name.

See you soon/ write back soon/ lots of love,

Suzanne

ارات القصيرة مثل التوقيع وانهاء الرسالة : حيث يتم كتابة كلمة مع السالمة وبعض العب

Lots of love

مالحظات هامة جدا على الرسالة الشخصية :

Informal/ personal letter:

الرسالة الشخصية

. تحتوي الرسالة الشخصية على اختصارات او كلمات عامية وغير رسمية : 1

Zafa mansaf dishdash tawjihi I've he's etc.

الرسالة الشخصية متشعب ) الصحة ، العمل , االهل , الدراسة , األمنيات (. موضوع 2

. تحتوي على كلمات تعبر عن العاطفة .3

.

51

dear. تبدأ بالعبارة التالية : اسم الشخص المرسل اليه +4

باالسم والتوقيع االول ثم نكتب االسم your sincerelyوننهيها بالعبارة التالية :

Best wishesو تنتهي بالعبارة التالية !hiلرسائل الشخصية تبدأ بكلمة : مالحظة : بعض ا

. تحتوي الرسائل الشخصية على افعال ظرفية وعبارات مثل 5

Please let me know if ……; someone told me that ….. I wasn’t put off by …..

Write a review of a hotel or restaurant that you have been to. Write about 200 words,

refer to page 79 of the activity book for guidance.

Introduction: give a

genera report.

اعط تقريرا عاما المقدمة :

Charles hotel, Paris

I recently stayed at this hotel for a few nights during a

conference, and it did not entirely live up to expectations.

On its website it is billed as stylish, state of the art and

chic', which was true, but the service was not quite as high

a standard as it could have been.

اما نزلت مؤخرا في هاذا القندق لبضع ليال خالل مؤتمر، ولم يرقى الفندق تم

الى مستوى التوقعات . على موقع الفندق على االنترنت تم االعالن عنه بأنه

" عصري" ارقى ما توصلت اليه العصرية ، وهذا كان صحيحا، ولكن

الخدمة لم تكن بمواصفات عالية كما كان من الممكن ان تكون .

Body: cover both positive

and negative aspects.

غطي كال جسم الموضوع :

الجانبين االيجابي والسلبي

Since I arrived fairly late in the evening my first night ,

there was nobody at reception to check me into my room.

However, someone came to help me immediately after I

rang the bell on the desk. Throughout my stay, I

experienced some negative aspects of service, but I was

met with excellent responses to requests made in the

restaurant, as well as an atmosphere of general helpfulness

and politeness. I was happy to deal with the few oversights

as I know that hotel staff works hard for long hours.

الني وصلت متأخرا الى حد ما في مساء ليلتي االولى، لم يكن هنناك احد في

االستقبال لتسجيل وصولي واخذي لغرفتي, ومع ذلك جاء شخص لمساعدتي

على الفور بعد او قرعت جرسا على المكتب طوال فترة مكوثي في الفندق,

لسلبية من الخدمة ، مثل نقص في المناشف لقد واجهت بعض الجوانب ا

وتأخير خدمة الغرف ، ولكني وجدت ردود ممتازة على الطلبات المقدمة في

المطعم، وكذلك كان هناك جو عام من المساعدة واالدب ، كنت سعيدا للتعامل

مع بعض الهفوات الني اعلم ان موظفي الفندق يعملون بجد لساعات طويلة.

Conclusion: summarise

and recommend.

لخص وأوصي / انصح خاتمة :

I would very much like to visit Paris again, and I enjoyed

the view, architecture and atmosphere of the hotel very

much. The service could be improved, but it didn’t detract

from a fairly pleasant stay. I recommend this hotel to

anyone interested in Parisian architecture.

اود كثيرا زيارة باريس مرة اخرى، ولقد استمتعت بطلة، وهندسة عمارة

واجواء الفندق كثيرا . ومن الممكن تحسين الخدمة ، ولكن ذلك ال ينتقص / او

شخص مهتم يحرمني من اقامة ممتعة الى حد ما. واوصى بهذا الفندق الى اي

في الهندسة المعمارية الباريسية.

.

52

Model 5 /Unit Ten

Career choices


meaning Adaptable Able to adapt to new conditions of situations قادر على التكيف

Ambitious Having a strong desire for success or achievement طموح

Attributes A quality or feature that is considered to be good

or useful ( in a person)

صفات وخصائص

Competent Having enough skill or knowledge to do

something to a satisfactory standard.

جدير ب / كفؤ

Conscientious Showing a lot of care and attention ( to a task ) واعي ومدرك / ذو

ضمير حي

Curriculum

vita

CV a short, written description of a person's

qualifications, skills and work experience that they

send to potential employers.

سيرة ذاتية

Enclosed Surrounded, especially by a fence or wall

محاصر / مطوق ب

Enthusiastic Showing a lot of interest and excitement about

something

متحمس

Fond of Having an affection or liking for someone or

something.

مغرم ب

Full time Happening or working for the whole of the

working week, and not only part of it.

كامل الوقت

Headphones A piece of equipment that you wear over your ears

to listen privately to the radio, music, etc.

سماعات رأس

Intern Someone who works for a short time in a

particular job in order to gain experience.

متدرب

Interpreter Someone who translates spoken words from one

language into another

مترجم / مفسر

Keen Having or showing eagerness or interest. تواق / مهتم

Reference A person who provides information about your

character and abilities

مرجع

Regional Relating to a particular region or area اقليمي

Secure Safe; free from danger آمن

Surveyor Person whose job is to measure the conditions of a

building or to record the details of an area of land

مساح

Voluntary Done or given by choice تطوعي

Work

experience

A period of time that someone spends working in

a particular place

خبرات في العمل

Rewarding Giving personal satisfaction مجزي

seminar A class on a particular subject, usually given as a

form of training

ندوة

.

53

My job as an interpreter


meaning

Interpreter Someone who translates spoken words from one language

into another

مترجم / مترجمة

Fond of Having an affection or liking for someone or something مولع ب / يحب

كثيرا

Seminar A class on particular subject, usually given as a form of

training

ندوة / حلقة بحث

Headphones A piece of equipment that you were over your ears to

listen privately to the radio, music, etc.

سماعات األذن

Regional Relating to a particular region or area إقليمي / او محلي

Secure Safe; free from danger آمن

Rewarding Giving personal satisfaction مجزي / يشعرك

بالرضا

وظيفتي كمترجمة

My job as an interpreter

اسمي ل مترجمة ك اعمل و 5طالب كثيرون سنوات

My name is Fatima Musa and I have worked as an interpreter for five years. Many students

عملي يرسلون االيميالت أنهمبسبب كيف تبدوا طبيعة يريدون معرفة لذا عملي

have emailed me about my work because they want to know what it would be like to do my job. So

اليكم اجابتي مختلفة عديدة في عمل والدي اللغات مغرمة ب دائما

here is my reply. I have always been fond of languages. Myfather worked in many different

عندما دول صغيرة و دولة كنا مزور عندما معه كنا نسافر عادة اان

Countries when I was young and we usually travelled with him. When we visited a country, I

دائما اردت م اللغة اتعلالمدرسة قررت لذا اللغة االنجليزية جيدة جدا كنت

Always wanted to learn the language.At school I was very good at English. Therefore, I decided on

مهنة مترجمة ك

a career as an interpreter.

1. Fatima Musa talked about her own job. Mention the reason?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Quote the sentence which indicates that Fatima Musa has always liked languages.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. According to the text, what has made Fatima like to learn languages?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. According to the text, what gave Fatima the chance to visit a lot of countries when she was

young?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Fatima decided to be an interpreter for two reasons. Write these two reasons down.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. What does the underlined "interpreter" mean?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What do the underlined pronouns refer to?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

54

عندما العالم حول ندوات و مؤتمرات مهمة الذهاب الى يتضمن اآلن عملي الشخص

Myjob now involves going to important conferences and seminars around the world. Whena person

يتحدث االنجليزيةفي مؤتمر إلىالى اترجم ثم سماعات الراس من خالل يقولون ما استمع

speaks in English at a conference. I listen to what they say through headphones. I then translate into

اثناء اللغة العربية المتكلم يتحدث مة اعطي من خالل الترج في الناس االخرون الى السماعات

Arabic while the speaker is talking. I give the translation through headphone to other people at the

في اي شخص يعني هذا االجتماع ةالغرفاذا يفهم يستطيع يتكلم الناس م

meeting.This means that anyone in the room who speaks Arabic can understand what people are

يقولون

saying.

1. Quote the sentence which shows that working as an interpreter requires traveling abroad.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. What device does Fatima use through translation?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. At international conferences, how do people from different countries understand each other?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

مهنة سهلة هل هي الدول الناطقة باالنجليزية في نفس ليست اللغة النجليزية ابدا/ مطلقا ال مثال ل

Is it an easy job? Not at all. English is not the same in all English- speaking countries. For example,

كلمات اللغة االنجليزية احيانا الهند في المستخدمة يستخدم الناس الكلمات مختلفة عن

the English words that are used in India are sometimes different to the words that people use in the

كا الممكلة المتحدة استراليا او امري باالضافة الىيمية معرفتك ب كثير من تعرف تحتاج ايضااالنجليزية االقل

UK, the USA or Australia. As well as knowing regional English, youalso need to know a lot of

متخصصة القانون العلوم االعمال عن تتحدث التي تستخدم الكلمات بعض لغة

specialist language some of the words that are used to talk about business, science or law, for

على سبيل المثال لغة مختلفة تقريبا جعلها

example, make it almost a different language!

1. According to the text, an interpreter faces difficulties in translation, mention two of them.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Name two countries from this paragraph other than India?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Give two examples of specialist language?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Find a word which means the same as "relating to a particular region or area"?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Fatima says that if you want to become an interpreter, you have to know two things concerning

English language what are they?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

مالم شهادة في اللغة تمتلك / لديك قدورك ان لتصبح ان بكون بم مترجم تمتلك اذا

Unless you have a language degree, you will not be able to become an interpreter, provided that you

مؤهل جامعي عالي مل لمحتا تحصل من ك عمل مترجم كان لديك اذا بسرعة

have a postgraduate qualification, you will probably get a job as an interpreter quite quickly. If you

مقابلة العمل ل تحتاج سوف جيدة لديك تظهر واضح و مهارات االستماع

get an interview for a job. You will need to show that you have good listening skills and a clear

صوت إثناء التحدث تحتاج ايضا سوف تستطيع تظهر قادرة على و بسرعة تفكر

speaking voice. You will also need to show that you can think quickly and that you are able to

.

55

تركز فترات طويلة ل سوف مهنة مجزية و آمنة فإنها ناجح تكون اذا الوقت

concentrate for long periods of time. If you are successful, it is a secure and rewarding job. You will

ليست لكن كثيرا تسافر تحتاج من المحتمل مشكلة طالما دول اخرى زيارة تستمتع

probably need to travel a lot, but that is not a problem as long as you enjoy visiting other countries.

مهنة مسؤلة جدا اذا بأنه مدركه بترجمة اشياء مهم يؤثر قد بشكل خاطئ

It is a very responsible job. I am aware that if I translate things badly, it could affect an important

بين اتفاقية تجارة قانون الدول ومع ذلك الرضا شعور عظيم ستحصل عندما

law or trade agreement between countries. However, you get a huge feeling of satisfaction when

الناس بأن تعرف كل شيء يفهمون تقوم بترجمته

you know that people understand everything that you translate.

1. What is the main requirement for being an interpreter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Fatima mentions several requirements for becoming an interpreter mention two of them?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. There are some personal qualities and qualifications an interpreter should have. Write down

three qualities of a good interpreter.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. The job as an interpreter is beneficial for two reasons. Write these two reasons down.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. According to the text, the job of an interpreter stressful and involves high feeling of

responsibility. Write down the reason.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Critical thinking

Unless you have a language degree, you will not be able to become an interpreter think

of this statement and in two sentences, write down your point of view.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vocabulary

1- Complete the sentences with words or phrases from the box. One word or phrase

it not needed. The first one is done for you.

Career مهنة headphones سماعات interpretيترجم seminar ندوة

regional إقليمي rewarding مجزى translation ترجمة

1. Please listen to the music through headphones, so that you don’t disturb anybody.

2. I have just read a -------------------- of a book by a Japanese author.

3. In the UK, there is a central government, but there are also --------------------- councils around the

country.

4. My uncle is fluent in several languages. He is often able to ------------------ for us during

conversations with foreigners.

5. Nada made a successful presentation at a ----------------------- in Irbid last month.

6. Doing volunteer work can be a very ----------------------- experience.

.

56

Answer: 1. Headphones 2. Translation 3. Regional 4.interpret 5. Seminar 6. Rewarding

Editing

Imagine you are an editor in the Jordan times. You are asked to edit the following text

that has three spelling mistakes, two grammatical mistakes and one punctuation

mistake. Correct the mistakes.

If you will get an interview for a job, you will need to show that you have good listening skills and

a clear speaking voice? You will also need to show that you can think quickly and that you are able

to consentrate for long periods of time. If you be successful, it is a secyre and riwarding job.

spelling mistakes : concentrate / secure / rewarding

Grammatical mistakes: get / are

Punctuation mistake: .

Guided writhing

Read the information in the table below, and then write two sentences about the qualities of a

good interpreter. Use the appropriate linking words such as: and, too, also------- etc.

The qualities of a good interpreter

- Have a postgraduate qualification

- Show good listening skills and a clear speaking voice

- Show that you can think quickly

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These people are applying for a job at a pharmaceutical company. Read and complete

the two curriculum vitas with the headings in the box.

Dear sir/madam, العزيزةسيدي / سيدتي

ارغب باحث وظيفة ل اتقدم بطلب في كما ترى شركة صناعة ادوية

I would like to apply for the position of researcher at your pharmaceutical company.As can be seen

سيرة ذاتية المرفقة من عالوة على ذلك الكيمياء في شهادة لدي بأني عملت

from the enclosed curriculum vitae that I have a degree in Chemistry. Furthermore, I have worked a

لدواء عن كثيرا اعرف لذا صيدلية في موظف محل ك في مؤهل امتلك ايضا صناعة ا

as a shop assistant at a chemist's, so I know a lot about this industry.I also have a qualification in

و الصحافة عملت صحيفة علمية ل سابقا ت بحث ممتازة امتلك مهارا

journalism and have worked previously for a scientific journal. I have excellent research skills.

وقت الفراغ اساعد كبار السن الذي الفرق االحظ تحدث االدوية

In my spare time, I help elderly people, and I can see the difference that medicines can make to their

حياتهم

lives.

.

57

شركة التحق ب تواق/ متحمسالناس اساعد حقا استطيع ال

I am very keen to join a company that can really help people.

طلب التوظيف المرحلة التالية فيما يخص منك السماع اتطلع شوقا

I look forward to hearing from you concerning the next stage of my application.

Yours faithfully, المخلص لك

Tareq Hakim طارق حكيم

Read and complete the curriculum vitae with the headings in the box.

Contract details name personal attributes qualifications and training reference

skills and achievement work experience

1. -------------------------------- Tareq Hakim.

2. -------------------------------- north street, Ajloun.

3. -------------------------------- 2009-2012: shop assistant at a chemist's.

2012-2014 : reporter for medicine today.

2014-now : editor at a scientific journal.

4. -------------------------------- degree in chemistry ( graduated 2008):

Certificate in journalism (2011)

5. --------------------------------- captain of school basketball team;

Voluntary work for a charity that helps elderly people.

6. --------------------------------- I am a conscientious worker and I am very

enthusiastic about working in pharmaceuticals.

7. --------------------------------- Osama Hayek, Chemistry teacher at my secondary school.

Answers: 1- name 2- contact details 3-work experience 4- qualifications and training 5-

skills and achievements 6- personal attributes 7- reference.

Dear Mr Rahhal, عزيزي السيد رحال

شركة صناعة االدوية باحث وظيفة مهتم ب جداI am very interested in the position of researcher at your pharmaceutical company,

من ترى سيرة ذاتية مرفقة كبيرة ل مبيعات عملت باني

you will see from the enclosed curriculum vitae that I have worked in sales for a large

شركة صناعة ادوية كنت سنوات عديدة ل كنت و العمل هذا ناجح جدا

pharmaceutical company for many years. I have been very successful in this job and I was

بائع أفضل السنة

salesperson of the year in 2013CE.

ارغب اآلن ب سأكون و تحدي جديد االنتقال في مهتم ب إلى األبحاثلدي قسم

I would now like a new challenge and would be interested in moving into research. I have a

فيزياء في شهادة

degree in physics.

استطيع أؤمن / اعتقد و عامل قابل للتكيف و كفوا أكونفي ناجح أيوظيفة /موقع

I am a competent and adaptable worker and I believe that I can be successful in any position.

التخييم و القراءة أيضا أحبالسفر

I like reading and camping. I also like travelling.

.

58

عند الطلب متوفر/متاح المعرفون

References are available on request.

شوقا للسماع منكم قريبا أتطلع

I look forward to hearing from you.

المخلص لك

Yours sincerely,

Hisham Khatib

Read and complete the curriculum vitae with the headings in the box.

Contract details name personal attributes qualifications and training reference

skills and achievementwork experience

1. -------------------------------- Hisham Khatib.

2. --------------------------------- 22 east way, Irbid.

3. ---------------------------------2010-now : sales

Representative for a large

Pharmaceutical company

4. --------------------------------- degree in physics ( graduated 2009

5. --------------------------------- I won salesperson of the year Award in 2013CE,

6. --------------------------------- I am very competent worker. I am also adaptable.

7. --------------------------------- Samira Rahha; the director in my current job.

Answers: 1- name 2- contact details 3-work experience 4- qualifications and training 5-

skills and achievements 6- personal attributes 7- reference.

Collocation

Take a course ياخذ دورة تدريبية ب

Feel satisfaction يشعر بالرضى

Get a job يحصل على عمل

2- Circle the correct words.

1. Ali is thinking of having / taking a course in Agriculture.

2. I get a feeling of satisfaction / secure after a hard day's work.

3. Make sure your online passwords are secure/ rewarding.

4. In order to work in finance, you need to be a very successful/ responsible person.

5. My friend has just got a job/ work at our local bank.

6. After a long agreement / meeting, we managed to do a deal.

Answer: 1. Taking 2. Satisfaction 3. Secure 4. responsible 5. Job 6. Meeting

.

59

كلمات يأتي بعدها حروف جر

Word followed by prepositions

Decide on يقرر بشأن

Translate into يترجم الى

Talk about يتحدث عن

Ask about يسأل عن

Work as يعمل ك

Good at جيد ب

3- Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the box. One preposition

is not needed.

About (x2) as at in into on

1. Would you like to work --------- a teacher in a big school?

2. We need to decide ----------- a place to meet.

3. Can you translate this Arabic ------------- English for me, please?

4. I'd like to talk -------------- the film I've just seen; it was brilliant!

5. The teacher asked us -----------our favourite books.

6. My sister is really good ------ drawing and painting.

Answer: 1. as 2. On 3. Into 4. About 5. About 6. At

األعمالالدخول في عالم

Stepping into the business world word English meaning Arabic meaning

Work

experience

A period of time that someone spends working in a

particular place

الخبرة العملية

Marketing The study of selling products to the appropriate

customer

التسويق

Business

management

An area of study which involves learning about

running a company, in areas like controlling, leading,

monitoring, organising and planning

ادارة االعمال

Degree A qualification that is given to you when you have

successfully completed a courses of study

درجة او شهادة جامعية

Curriculum

vita

CV a short, written description of a person's

qualifications, skills and work experience that they

send to potential employers.

الذاتية السيرة

qualifications Official records of achievement awarded upon the

successful completion of a course of training or

passing an exam

مؤهالت

.

60

األعمالالدخول في عالم

Stepping into the business world

بعد المملكة المتحدة في مساقات الشهادة يختارون الذين الطالب ل خيار شائع/ مشهور دراسات االعمال

Business Studies is a popular choice for students who are choosing a degree course in theUK. After

التخرج اغلبهم دراسة ابعد/ اكثر يذهب البعض يبدؤونالعمل /الوظيفة كبيرة عديدة

graduating, some go on to further study, but most of them take up employment. Many large

شركات تدريب التخرج يقدم لنقابل ذهبنا تدريب مهني عملي نوع من خطط

companies offer graduate training schemes, (1) which are a kind ofapprenticeship .We went to

سنة 22عمره على وشك ان الموضوع في هذا يتخرج

meet twenty-two-year-old Ricky Miles, who is about to graduate in the subject.

دراسات االعمال تدرس كم طول المدة

How long have you been studying Business Studies, Ricky?

سنوات 4فترتين تتضمن مساق دراسي من شهور استمرت واحدة كل خبرة العمل

It's a four-year course, including two periods of work experience. Each one lasted six month,

السنة نفس في ليسو لكن

(2)but they weren’t in the same year

تلك زيادة على درست بالضبط ماذا 4السنوات

What exactly have you studied over those four years? طبعا رياضيات كثيرا نوعا ما و التسويق نعم االقتصاد و العلوم المالية محاسبة

Quite a lot! Maths, of course, Accounting, Finance and Economics. Oh yes, Marketing and

مساقات بأخذ ايضا ايضا مبيعات ادارة شؤون الموظفين و التوظيف عن االدارة

sales, too. I also did a course in Management, which is about recruiting and Managing staff,

مساق خالف /نزاع نتعامل كيف و اإلعالن/تكنولوجيا المعلومات جميعنا الدعاية أيضا

and how to deal with conflict, and a course in advertising. We all had to do IT , too,

ضرورة/هامة مهارات الحاسوب بسبب

(3) Because computer skills are essential.

1. There are two options for students who graduate from business studies. Mention them

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Quote the sentence that shows Rickey's study includes theoretical as well as practical study.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. According to the text, what do the large companies offer to the students?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. How did he spend a quarter of his time as a student?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Write down three courses that Ricky has studied at the university?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. What information does the management course offer to students?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. What does the underlined word" recruiting" mean?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

61

الشهادة حول اكثر شيء استمتعت به ماذا

What did you most enjoy about the degree?

الخبرة العملية تعلمت بالتاكيد عظيمة تبدو بالطبع و مرتين كثيرا

The work experience, definitely. I learn so much, both times, (4) and of course it looks great on my

سيرتي الذاتية واحدة عرضوا الشركات عمل مدفوع لذا الصيف الماضيتدبرت األمر

curriculum vitae. One of the companies offered me paid work last summer, soI managed to get

خبره اكثر حتى احصل لو اني لم احصل السنة نقود كثيرة لم اكن امتلك ايضا بتلك الطريقة

even more experience that way. Also, I wouldn’t have had much moneylast year if I hadn’t had that

الوظيفة

job!

الشركة ما نوع هناك تعمل ماذا و كانت

What kind of company was that, and what did you do there?

مالي تزود شركة كانت منتجاتفي البداية على االغلب الرواتب التقاعدية االدخارات فقط

It was a company that provides financial products-savings and pensions, mostly. At first I just

ناس مختلفين متدرب يرافق علون ماذا اراقب تدقيق كثير من الى حد ما قمت بعمل ما يف

'shadowed' different people, (5) watching what they were doing. Then I did quite a lot of checking

ما تعلم لهم ك كنت الصيف عدت عندما حسابات تدقيف / فحص

for them-you know, checking their calculations. When I went back in the summer, I was in the

وظيفتي قسم المبيعات معلومات اضافية ارسل استفسارات الويب متابعة كنت

sales department.My job was to follow up web enquiries, (6) and send out further information to

محتملين زبائن استمتعت بالحصول على الفرصة كنت لن احصل على أقمالعمل لو لم

possible clients. I enjoyed it, and I wouldn’t have had that opportunity if I hadn’t done the work

اوال خبرة

experience first.

تفعل تخطط ماذا نأبعد ذلك

What are you planning to do next?

بنك عمل ل تقدمت للتوسيكون اعلم لكنني المؤهالت الصحيحة امتلك

I've just applied for a job with a bank. I have the right qualifications, but I know there will be

متقدمين اخرين كثيرا انتظر يجب على فقط إذاألرىاحصل أننفسي يجب علي ان حدث مقابلة

a lot of other applicants. I'll just have to wait and see if I get an interview. If I do, (7) I'll have to

بحذر شديد حقا احضر

prepare really carefully.

1. Ricky got paid work last summer. How helpful and useful was this for him? Write down two

things.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Quote the sentence which indicates that he earned lot money through his work in a company.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. What does the company where Ricky got a paid job do?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. What kind of company did he work for last summer, and what was his job?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What was Ricky's role in the sales department?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Ricky did some procedures to get a job with a bank. Mention two of these procedures.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. What is he waiting to find out?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

62

8. Would you like to do the same kind of degree course as Ricky? Why/why not? Write two or

three sentences.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer:Yes, I would. The study of business administration is very important today because you

can learn many skills that might help you in any field of career you take up

Critical thinking Is t usual for people to change jobs in their lifetime? What reasons might there be for people

to change their jobs? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----

Yes, people usually change jobs during their lifetime, this may be because they have lost their job or

because they are looking for a job with better conditions or a better environment, sometimes people

also change their jobs because they want their career to go in a different direction.

Vocabulary

Match the words in bold in the text with their meanings. 1. Money you save over your lifetime to pay for your old age: --------------------

2. Online questions : ------------------

3. Maths; work with numbers : --------------------

4. Finding suitable employees: --------------------

5. Promoting your product; finding customers: ---------------

Answer: 1. Pensions 2. Web enquiries 3. Calculations 4. Recruiting 5. Marketing

Words Meaning in

Arabic

Regional اقليمي

Rewarding مجزي

Seminar ندوة

Translation ترجمة

Career مهنة

Advertising اعالن

Banking عمل بنوك

Career advisor مرشد مهني

Lawyer محامي

Achievements انجازات

Enthusiastic متحمس

.

63

الربط لتقديم السبب والنتيجة أدوات

Linking words showing cause and result

.(cause)الربط تستخدم لتقديم السبب أدوات

Because, as, since, because of, due to

- We couldn’t go to the stadium because/as/since there weren’t any tickets left.

- As/since/because I was tired, I went to bed.

- We were late because of/due to the traffic.

. (result)الربط التالية تستخدم لتقديم النتيجة أدوات

Therefore, so, as a result, consequently, because of that

- We were caught in traffic therefore/so we missed the start of the play.

- She worked hard; as a result/ because of that/ consequently, she did very well in here exams.

Read the following sentences and answer the question that follows each one.

1-Nawal didn’t go to school yesterday since she was ill.

What is the function of using since in the above sentence?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2-those children caught the infection because they weren’t vaccinated.

What is the function of using because in the above sentence?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3-samia didn’t wear heavy clothes, so she felt cold.

What is the function of using so in the above sentence?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

تقديم النصيحة

Giving advice

نستعمل العبارات التالية لتقديم النصيحة :

- If I were you, I would+ V Base -----------------------

- Why don’t you, + V Base -------------------------------

- You could + V Base --------------------------------------

Example:

1. If I were you, I would study business management.

2. Why don’t you stop eating fast food?

3. You could look for a job for a small company.

Complete the sentence with expressions from box that ask for or give advice.

You could if I were you why don’t you

1. Before you find a full-time job, ----------------- consider doing voluntary work?

2. --------------------, I'd find out about training courses.

.

64

3. As you have a geology degree, ----------------do a course in land surveying and become a

surveyor.

Answer: 1- why don’t you 2- if I were you 3- you could

Complete the following mini-dialogues by giving advice. 1. A: I would like to get a job as a teacher of English.

B: ------------------- study English at university?

2. A: I want to learn Chinese, but they don’t teach it in my school.

B: you -------------------do a Chinese course online.

3. A: I don’t understand what we have to do for homework.

B: -----------------, I would ask the teacher.

Answer: 1-why don’t you 2- could 3- if I were you

3- Rewrite the advice, using the words in brackets. The first one is done for you. 1. You should practise the presentation several times. ( were)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. It would be a good idea for you to make a list of questions. (could)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. You ought to get some work experience. (don’t )

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. You shouldn’t look too casual. (if)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. You should do a lot of research. ( would)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer: 1. If I were you, I would practice the presentation several times. 2.You could make a list

of questions. 3. Why don’t you get some work experience? 4.If I were you, I wouldn’t look too

casual. 5. I would do a lot of research

Read the following mini-dialogues and answer the questions that follow each one.

1- Lara: why don’t you stop eating fast food?

Maryam: I will.

What is the function of Lara's statement?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- Ali: if I were you, I would study business management.

Omar: I would.

What is the function of Ali's statement?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

65

الجمل الشرطية

Conditional clauses

(if clause): تتكون جمل الشرط من جملتين احداهما تسمى جملة الشرطمالحظة

(main clause)واالخرى تسمى جملة جواب الشرط

ترتيب جمل الشرط ليس ثابتا بل نستطيع ان نغير ترتيب الجملتين بحيث تصبح جملة جواب الشرط في بداية الجملة وجملة الشرط

(if ) . هي الثانية وفي هذه الحالة النستعمل فاصلة بين الجملتين

Zero conditional الجملة الشرطية صفر

We use the zero conditional ( if + present simple / present simple) to describe something that always

happens (the inevitable consequence) after a certain action or event.

" حقائق تؤدي دائما نفس ويحدث نتيجة لنشاط آخرللتعبير عن شيء دائما يحدث " نتيجة حتمية " (Zero)نستخدم هذا النوع

" النتيجة

If clause جملة الشرط main clause جملة جواب الشرط

Examples

- if plants don’t get enough sunlight, they die.

- Water turns to ice if the temperature falls below zero.

- if the sun shines, ice melts

- If the sun doesn’t shine, ice doesn’t melt.

- If Ahmad walks fast, he never comes late.

معنى الجملة ابدا ال يختلف (when)بكلمة (if)اذا استبدلت كلمة "Zero"مالحظة : يمكن التميز والتاكد من جملة الشرط النوع

وال القاعدة .

- If we heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

-When we heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

First conditional الجملة الشرطية النوع االول

We use the first conditional (if + present simple/will+ base) to describe a future outcome of a

certain future action or event.

النوع االول للتعبير عن نتيجة مستقبلية لنشاط او حدث محدد في المستقبل " ''first conditional''يستخدم الجملة الشرطية

اشياء محتمل ان تحدث في المستقبل "

If + subject + present simple Subject + present simple

.

66

If clause main clause

,

Example

If you get an interview for a job in pharmaceutical, you will need to show real enthusiasm

for the industry.

If it rains tomorrow, we will not play football.

If they invite us, we may go.

If they don’t invite us, we may not go.

If it snows tomorrow, we will not come.

Note: We can use provided that, as long as, unless and even if in the same way as if, but they don’t

all mean the same thing.

للتعبير عن الجمل الشرطية وهي : (if)يمكن استخدام ادوات شرطية اخرى غير مالحظة :

- provided that بشرط ان

- unless ما لم / اذا لم

- as long as طالما

- even if حتى لو

Example:

- I'll buy the book if /provided that/ as long as It isn’t too expensive.

(I won't buy it if it is too expensive)

- I'll buy it unless it's expensive. ( I'll buy it if it isn’t too expensive )

- I'll buy it even if it's expensive. ( I will buy it. The price isn't important)

Unless = if not

(unless )الى ( if)تحويل الجملة من -1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------مالحظات:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Examples:

1. If she doesn’t know the answer, she will be punished

Unless ---------------------------------------------------------------

2. I won't pay if you don’t provide the goods immediately.

--------------------------------- unless ------------------------------------

3. You will be sick if you don’t stop eating ( unless )

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. If you don't study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry.

If + subject + present simple Subject + will /may + base

.

67

Unless --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. If he doesn’t listen carefully, he may miss the point.

Unless ------------------------------------------------------------------------

( if )الى (unless )تحويل الجملة من -2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------مالحظات:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Unless she owns a farm, she won't grow.

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Unless they drive carefully, they will make an accident.

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Unless Ali is clever, he won't answer the questions?

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------

If ( not ) Unless

If + don’t + base

If + doesn’t + base

If + isn’t

If + aren’t

If + didn’t + base

Nobody

No one

Something

Unless base

Unless + base (s)

Unless is

Unless are

Unless + V2

Somebody

Someone

Nothing

Second conditional الجمل الشرطية النوع الثاني

We use the second conditional to talk about things which are unlikely to happen in the future and

giving advice.

وتستخدم إلعطاء النصيحة تستخدم للحديث عن االسياء غير المحتمل حدوثها في المستقبل


,

Example:

1. If my father agreed, I would go on the journey.

2. If we had more employees, we would work more efficiently.

3. If I were you, I would help her. ( giving advice)

نستخدم الجملة الشرطية من النوع الثاني إلعطاء نصيحة حسب القاعدة مالحظة :

If I were you, I would ------------------------

Third conditional الجملة الشرطية النوع الثالث

We use the third conditional (if + past perfect/ would have+ past participle) to imagine past

situations. These past situations are impossible and did not happen.

If + subject + simple past Subject + would / might / could + base

.

68

يستخدم لتخيل مواقف في الزمن الماضي وتكون هذه المواقف مستحيلة وال يمكن تحقيقها ابدا .


,

Example:

- If I had stayed at home that day, I would have missed the celebration.

- I wouldn’t have gone to the library if my friend hadn't invited me.

- If I'd studied harder, I'd have passed the exam.

عندما نكون متأكدين بشكل اقل من نتائج الفعل المستحيل في could have or might have +V3مالحظة : نستخدم

(less sure of the result of the impossible past situation )الماضي .

-If I had prepared for the competition, I might have won the first prize.

Might + have+V3 = not sure

-If I had slept better the night before the exam, I could have concentrated better.

Could + have+V3 = possible

Practice 1

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1. Unless you have a language degree, you do/will not be able to become an interpreter.

2. If you get an interview for a job, you needed/will need to show that you have good listening

skills.

3. If you are successful, it is /will be a secure and rewarding job.

4. You get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people understand/ understood

everything you translate.

Answers 1- will 2- will need 3- will be 4- understand

Practice 2

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. The first one is

done for you.

1. When you arrive at the station next Saturday, we will be there to meet you. (arrive/be)

2. Nasser ------------- out with us tomorrow unless he -------------- help his father. (come / have to)

3. I ------------- you with your homework, as long as you -------------- me with mine! ( help/ help )

4. Provided that it ----------------, we --------------- a picnic next week. ( not rain/ have)

5. If you --------------- the prize, how ------------- you ------------------the money?(win/spend)

6. Even if Omar --------------- his driving test this afternoon, he ------------ his own car. (pass/ not

have)

Answer: 2. Will come; has to 3. Will help; help 4. Doesn’t rain; will have 5. Win; will you

spend 6. Passes; won't have

If + subject + had+ V3 Subject + would / might / could + have + V3

.

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Practice 3

Circle the correct word in italics, and complete the sentences with the correct form of

the verb in brackets. The first on is done for you.

1. When / unless you heat water to 100C, it boils. ( heat)

2. You will not pass your exams as long as / unless you ------------- hard. (study)

3. If / unless you ------------------- the plants, they will die. (Not water).

4. Do you usually go home or meet your friends when / provided that school -----------? (finish)

5. Your new computer will last a long time as long as/even if you ------------------ careful with

it. (be)

Answer: 1. When; heat. 2. Unless, study 3. If, don’t water 4. When, finishes 5. As long as, are

Practice 4

Join the sentence beginning 1-5 with their endings a-e, using the words in bold.

1- during Ramadan, we eat

If

When

Even if

Unless

Provided that

a. it's closed .

2- I'll phone you b. we're tired

3- we'll go to our favourite

restaurant on Friday

c. it's part-time- I haven’t

finished my university studies

yet.

4- I will take the job offer d. the sun sets.

5- we have to go to school, e. I miss the bus so that you pick

me up.

Answer:1. During Ramadan, we eat when (D) the sun sets.2. I'll phone you if (E) I miss the bus.

3. We'll go to our favourite restaurant on Friday unless (A) it's closed.4. I will take the job offer

provided that (c) it's part-time.5. We have to go to school even if (b) we're tired.

Practice 5

Tick the correct sentences. Rewrite the wrong ones with words from the box.

Even if if unless when

1. Ice cream melts when it gets warm. -------------------------------------------

2. We need umbrellas unless it rains. ------------------------------------------------

3. The teacher will be pleased unless write a good essay. --------------------------------

4. Our team will celebrate if win the match. -----------------------------------------------

5. Provided that everyone works hard, we'll all pass our exams. ----------------------------

6. Babies are usually happy as long as they're hungry or cold. -------------------------------

7. We should always be polite unless we feel tired. ---------------------------------------

.

70

Answer:1.√ 2.We need umbrellas when it rains. 3.The teacher will be pleased if I write a good

essay.

4.√ 5.√ 6. Babies are usually happy unless they're hungry or cold. 7.We should always be polite

even if we feel tired.

Practice 6

Complete the sentence with you own ideas. Use the zero or first conditional.

1. When I get home from school, I usually --------------------------------------------

2. Unless we're given a lot of homework tonight, -------------------------------------

3. If there's something I don’t understand, I usually ---------------------------------

4. Even if I'm tired tonight, ---------------------------------------------------------------

5. As long as I have enough money,------------------------------------------------------

6. Provided that my parents agree, -------------------------------------------------------

Answer:1.When I get home from school, I usually eat my lunch. 2. Unless we're given a lot of

homework tonight, I'll watch a film 3. If there's something I don’t understand, I usually ask my

teacher.4. Even if I'm tired tonight, I'll study for my exam. 5. As long as I have enough money, I

feel happy. 5.Provided that my parents agree, I'll go on the school journey.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------مالحظة :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Practice 7

Read the situations and complete the sentences with the third conditional, using the

word in brackets. The first one is done for you.

1. Saeed left his camera at home, so he wasn’t able to take pictures of the parade. (could)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. I had a headache yesterday, and I didn’t do well in the maths test. (might)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. I didn’t know your phone number, so I wasn’t able to contact you. ( could)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. You had a brightly- coloured T-shirt on that’s how I noticed you in the crowd .(might not)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. I worked really hard the day before the exam. I got top marks. (might not)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Hassan didn’t find a suitable job in Qatar, so he returned back to Jordan.(would)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. I didn’t do the homework because the teacher didn’t explain it.(could)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. The weather wasn’t nice, so they didn’t play football.(might)

--------------------------------------------------------------------

9. The children were late because they didn’t take the bus.(might not)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer:1. If Saeed hadn’t left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures of the parade. 2.if I

hadn’t had a headache yesterday, I might have done well in the maths test . 3.if I had known your

phone number ,I could have been able to contact you. 4.If you hadn’t had a brightly-coloured T-shirt

on, I might not have noticed you in the crowed. 5.if hadn’t worked really hard the day before the

.

71

exam ,I might not have got top marks.6.If Hassan had found a suitable job in Qatar, he returned

back to Jordan.7.If the teacher had explained homework, I could have done it.8. If the weather had

been nice, they might have played football.9. If the children had taken the bus they might not been

late.

Correct the verbs between brackets. 1. If you press that button, the machine --------------(work)

2. If Hadeel --------------- (walk) faster, she won't be late.

3. If you had been more careful, you --------------- (not- lose)your job.

4. If I ------------ (be) you, I would stay at home.

5. I (not-bring) ----------------you some food if I had known that you were hungry.

6. I (not- buy) ----------- these things if I were you.

7. I wouldn’t have brought umbrella if I(know)----------------- that it was not raining.

8. Plants die if you ---------------- (not water) them.

9. What ---------------- (you do) if you were me?

10. If Hadeel eats too much chocolate, she ------------------ (gain) weight fast.

11. When I come to see you tomorrow, I (bring) ---------------- the books.

12. When he (leave) ----------- school he will go to university.

13. We well come and visit you unless it ------------------- (rain).

14. If I were you, I ------------------- (take) care of my health.

15. My mother ------------- (feel) sick if she eats fish.

16. As long as Rawan studies hard, she --------------- (pass) her exams.

17. Provided that you keep silent, I ---------------- (help) you.

18. Majed will get the job provided that he ------------------- (do) well in the interview.

19. If you meet Noor in the party,tell her I ------------------- for her.

20. You would get a reward if you------------- (do) well in the exam.

Answer: 1-Works 2-Walks 3-Wouldn't have lost 4- Were 5-Wouldn’t have brought6- Wouldn’t buy

7-Had known 8-Don’t water 9-would you do 10- Gains 11- Will bring 12- Leaves 13- Rains

14-Would take 15- Feels 16-Will pass 17-Will help 18-Does 19-well wait 20-did

تمرين خارجي

1. Sami won't accept your invitation if you don’t call him

Unless you ---------------------------------------------------------------

2. if Amer knows the answer, the teacher will reward him

------------------------------------Unless-----------------------------------

3. If nobody oils the machine, it won't work properly.

Unless----------------------------------------------------------------------

4. I didn’t see Majed, so I didn’t tell him about our plan

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. I was angry because I didn’t know the reason.

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. You didn’t listen to me, so you feel into trouble.

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

72

7. You didn’t see Mr. Hassan because you didn’t arrive earlier

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Ramzi was driving fast, so he made an accident

If -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Put this piece of wood at water. It doesn’t sink.

If -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. If Manal keeps doing exercises every day, she will lose weight.

As long as---------------------------------------------------------------------

11. If I have money, I won't lend you any.

Even if ---------------------------------------------------

12. Daila won't go on a picnic unless her father agrees.

If ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer: 1. Unless you call Sami, he won't accept you invitation.2.The teacher won't reward Amer

unless he knows the answer.3. Unless somebody oils the machine, it won't work properly. 4.If I had

seen Majed, I would have told him about out plan. 5.If I had known the reason, I wouldn’t have

been angry.6.If you had listened to me. You wouldn’t have fallen into trouble.7.If you had arrived

earlier, you would have seen Mr. Hassan.8.If Ramzi hadn’t been driving fast, he wouldn’t have

made an accident.9.If you put this piece of wood at water, it doesn’t sink.10.As long as Manal keeps

doing exercises every day, she will lose weight.11.Even if I have money, I won't lend you any.12.If

Daila's father doesn’t agree, she won't go on a picnic.

Study the following sentence and answer the question that bellows each one.

- If plants don’t get enough sunlight, they die.

What is the function of using the zero conditional in the above sentence?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-You will pass the exam if you study hard

What is the function of using the first conditional in the above sentence? 1.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-If Lara had invited me, I would have come

What is the function of using the third conditional in the above sentence?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

اسئلة وزارة سنوات سابقة على قواعد الجمل الشرطية

Correct the verbs between brackets then write your answers down in your ANSWER BOOKLET

1.provided that it------------------------,we will have a picnic next week.(not rain)

2.More tourists (come)--------------to this town if it had a better climate.

3.If I---------------(encounter) any difficulties, I would have consulted my teatcher.

4. If students ---------------- well-prepared for exam, they will have confidence in

themselves.(be)

5. If hamdan --------------(not leave) a nine, he will miss the plane.

Answers: 1.doesn’t rain 2. Would come 3. Had encountered 4.are 5.doesn’t leave

.

73

Read the following situations and complete the sentences with the third conditional,

using the word in the brackets

1.Saleem left his wallet at home , so he wasn’t able to purchase his necessary items.(could)

2. I studied really hard the day before the final exam. I achieved the first rank in my class.(might not)

ANSWERS: 1.If Saleem hadn’t left his wallet at home , he could have purchase his necessary items.

2. If I hadn’t studied really hard the day before the final exam. I might not have achieved the

first rank in my class.

القيام بالتدريب لفترة معينة من اجل الحصول على خبرة مهنية

Doing an internship

يمكن سوق عمل مزدحم عمل ايجاد ل خصوصا احيانا التحدي اللذين خريجين

Finding work in a crowded job market can be challenging sometimes, especially for graduates who

ي يملك ال مهني مميز اشخاص عن يبحث اصحاب العمل خبرة عمل ا

do not have any work experience, many employers are looking for peoplewith a proven track

في سجل في عمل لديك بحاجة انت ومع ذلك عمل مجال معين الخبره للحصول لديك

record in a particular area of work. However, you need to have a job in order to get experience.

القيام بالتدريب خبرة العمل تقدم االعمال التدريبية المشكلة هذه للتغلب على طريقة جيدة

Doing an internship is a good way to get around this problem .Internship provide work experience

طالب الجامعات ل ال يتقاضوا مقابل مادي الذين يفكرون في تغيير مساهم الوظيفي الناس و الخريجين

for university students, graduates and people considering, career changes. Although they are not

بالرغم من انهم عادة التي تتاح لهم اهم فائدة على العديد من الفوائد فإن المتدربين يحصلوا

usually paid, interns do get many benefits the most important benefit is considered to be the

جل الحصول على خبرة عمل ذو قيمة هي الفرصة من ا

Opportunity to get valuable work experience.

1. Why is sometimes challenging for graduates to get their first job?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. According to the text what is the suitable solution for people who do not have work experience.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Internships are helpful for three groups of people. Write two of them down.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. What does the writer feel is the main reason for doing an internship?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What does the phrasal verb 'get around' mean?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

74

Vocabulary Choose the correct option in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. The graduation ceremony was a very----------- occasion for everyone. ( memory/ memorising /

memorable)

2. Nuts contain useful ------------ such as oils and fats. ( nutrients /nutritious / nutrition)

3. If you --------- to learn a new language, you need to be motivated. ( will want/ want/wanted )

4. If only I --------- lost my ticket! ( haven’t / didn’t / hadn’t )

Answer: 1- memorable 2- nutrition 3- want 4-hadn't

Editing Edit the following text. There are three grammar mistakes, one spelling mistake and

one punctuation mistake. Find and correct them.

Answer: 1- believed 2- foreign 3- as much as 4- a 5- books or magazines

Guided writing:

Read the information below, and write two sentences about the advantages of doing voluntary

work while you are still a student. Use appropriate linking words.

- Practical experience

- Future career choices

- Interviews and your curriculum vitae.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

الذاكرة العالميةبطولة

World memory championships

بطولة الذاكرة العالمية مختلفة وهو يعقد هو حدث سنوي يستمر لمدة ثالثة ايام

The world memory championship is an annual three-day event that has been held in different

في مواقع في كل انحاء العالم 1991االستخدامات المختلفة تختبر كل مسابقة فيها هناك عشرة مسابقات منذ عام

locations all over the world since1991CE. There are ten contests, each one testing different uses

للذاكرة قصيرة االمد تشمل المسابقات االستماع الى ارقام يبصوت عالوبعد ذلك تذكرها

of short-term memory. The contests include listening to numbers spoken out loud and then recalling

رقم ( 364)الرقم القياسي العالمي هو لة في خمسة عشر دقيقة من الصور المجردة وتذكر سلس

them (the world record is 364),memorizing a sequence of abstract images in fifteen minutes

ة(صور492)الرقم القياسي العالمي هو الجنسية الخ وتذكر قوائم من الكلمات ألمانيرقم رقما قياسيا عالميا حقق رجل

(the world record is 492),memorizing lists of words, etc. a German man achieved a world record of

It is believe that when you learn a forein language, it helps to use the language as much

you can. You should take every opportunity to engage in the conversation with a native

speaker. Reading English hooks, or magazines also helps.

.

75

501بتذكره ل بترتيب عشوائي 2013رجل من ويلز في نفس الحدث خالل بطولة عام

501numbers in random order during the 2013CE champion ship.At the same event, a welsh man

ركلمة عشوائية من تذك 224ها بعد ان قام بدراست لمدة خمسة عشر دقيقة فقط تمكن

managed to recall 224 random words, after he had studied them for only 15 minutes.

2001في عام تقليص الفترة الزمنية الفاصلة بين االرقام انية واحدة تممن ثانيتين الى ث حتى مع هذا

In 2001CE, the interval between the numbers was shortened from two seconds to one.Even with this

ال االرقام القياسية تكشف عن التغييرانجازات عظيمة ال تز االمكانيات البشرية ال حد لها

change, the records still reveal great achievements.The slogan on the world memory championships

يقول شعار البطولة لبطوالتد االدلة في نتائج اربما يكون ذلك صحيحا مع وجو

says ' human potential is infinite'. With the evidence of the championships ' results, perhaps that is

true.

1. How long does the world memory champion last?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Quote the sentence which show the duration of the championships?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. What is tested in the world memory championship?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. How many contests are there in the world memory champion?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What kinds of contests that the champions involve?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Mention two world records in the 2013CE championship?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Write down the sentence which indicates that 2013has achievements?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. How many worlds did a Welsh man recall? How long had he studied them?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. What change that took place in the 2001CE championship?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. What is the slogan of the world memory championships?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. What does the underlined them refer to?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vocabulary Complete the following text with suitable words from the box.

Achievements short-term potential records event

حدث ارقام قياسية االمكانيات قصير االمد انجازات

The world memory championships is an ------------------------------ that is held every year, it has

different contests which test ----------------------------- memory.

World ------------------------------ have been broken by participants of different nationalities.

The ---------------------------------- are becoming greater every year. This championship proves how

limitless human -----------------------------------.

Answer:1- event 2- short-term 3- records 4- achievements 5- potential

.

76

جدا على االشتقاقتمرين مهم

Noun verb adjective adverb

Particularity Particularise Particular Particularly

Competition Compete Competitive Competitively

Knowledge Know Knowledgeable

Idealism Idealise Ideal Ideally

Organization Organise Organised

Creation Create Creative Creatively

Teaching Teach

Economy Economise Economic Economically

Criticism, critic criticise critical critically

Read the text and complete it using the correct form of the words. Entrepreneur: a word meaning someone who sets up a business. In the middle east today,

entrepreneurship is ---------------- (particular) important among young people, because of the -------

--------------- (compete) job market. It is important to give young people the ------------------ (know)

so that they can help themselves. If they cannot find jobs, they can create their own and then,---------

----- (ideal) generate jobs for others . ------------------- (organize) have been set up to guide young

people through the process of business ------------------ (create). There are training courses and

programmers to support this cause. Universities in the region have started ----------------- (teach)

entrepreneurship courses to students. Even large ----------------- (business) now support young

entrepreneurs. The common philosophy is as follows: give young people the opportunity to create

their own companies so that they can have control over their own --------------- (economy) futures.

In the Middle East, it is a ---------------- (critic) learning experience for young people.

Answer: 1- Particularly 2- competitive 3- knowledge 4- ideally 5- organisations 6- creation

7- teaching 8- businesses 9- economic 10- critical

.

77

Question Number four: (30 points)

Choose the suitable items from those given to complete each of the following sentences

and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET

1. It was too hot to go to the beach yesterday. If only it ---------------- cooler.

a- were b- was c- had been d- has been

2. I feel ill. I wish I ---------------- so many sweets!

a- had eaten b- hadn't eaten c- ate d- didn't eat

3. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he ---------------------- taller!

a- is b- was c- were d- weren't

4. I can’t do this exercise. I wish I ---------------------- it.

a- understood b- understand c- understanding d- understands

4. Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman. If only he ------------- Chinese.

a- speak b- spoke c- had spoken d- speaks

5. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents ------------------- me stay out later.

a- let's b- won't let c- would let d- will let

6. If only I ----------------- lost my ticket!

a- haven't b- didn't c- hadn't d- weren't

7. If you -------------to learn a new language, you need to be motivated. ( will want / want / wanted)

a- will want b- want c- wanted d- would want

8. Jaber isn’t old enough to drive a car. He wishes he --------- older.

a- was b- were c- had been d- had

9. My cousins don’t live near here. I wish they ------------ so far away.

a- were b- weren't c- had been d- hadn't been

10. Would you like to work ----------------- a teacher in a big school?

a- about b- on c- as d- into

11. We need to decide --------------- a place to meet. (into, on , at , about )

a- into b- on c- at d- about

12. Can you translate this Arabic ---------------- English for me, please?

.

78


13. If Ali --------------- his own computer, he wouldn't need to use his friend's computer.

a- has b- have c- had had d- had

14. I’d like to talk _____ the film I’ve just seen; it was brilliant!


15. The teacher asked us ------------------ our favourite books.


16 . My sister is really good ------------------ drawing and painting.

a- on b- at c- into d- about

17. Plants die if they ----------------------------- enough sunlight.

a- don't get b- didn't get c- doesn't get d- aren't

18. Water -------------------- to ice if the temperature falls below zero.

a- turn b- turning c- turned d- turns

19. Provided that it --------------------------, we will have a picnic next week.

a- don't rain b- hadn't rained c- doesn't rain d- had rained

20. Even if Omar ----------- his driving test this afternoon, he won't have his own car.

a- passed b- passes c- pass d- passed

21. Babies --------------------- usually happy as long as they aren't hungry or cold.

a- will be b- are c- will d- had been

22. If my father had gone to university, he -------------------- a teacher.

a- will be b- could be c- could have been d- might be

23. Unless you have a language degree, you --------------- not be able to become an interpreter.

a- do b- won't c- will d- wouldn't

24. If you get an interview for a job, you --------------to show that you have good listening skills.

a- will need b- would need c- will d- would

25. If you are successful, it ---------------- a secure and rewarding job.

a- are b- will be c- won't d- won't be

26. ------------------------ you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

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a- when b- unless c- provided that d- even if

27. You will not pass your exams -------------------- you study hard.


28. Do you usually go home or meet your friends ----------------- school finishes?


29. ------------------------ you don't water the plants, they will die.

a- when b- unless c- if d- even if

30. Your new computer will last a long time ------------------- you are careful with it

a- when b- unless c- as long as d- even if

31. We need umbrellas ------------------------ it rains.

a- when b- unless c- as if d- even if

32. The teacher will be pleased ---------------------I write a good essay.


33. We should always be polite ------------------------ we feel tired.


34. If Huda ------------- ill yesterday, she wouldn’t have missed the exam.

a- wasn't b- hadn't been c- been d- hadn't

35. If my father had gone to university, he --------------------- have been a teacher.

a- can b- could c- was d- were

36. We couldn’t go to the stadium ---------------------- there weren’t any tickets left

a- since b- so c- therefore d- due to

37. ---------------------------- I was tired, I went to bed

a- As b- So c- Therefore d- Due to

38. We were late -------------------------- the traffic


39. We were caught in traffic;---------------------- we missed the start of the play.

a- since b- as c- therefore d- due to

40. She worked hard; ------------, she did very well in her exams.

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a- since b- so c- consequently d- due to

41. If I were you, I --------------------- study harder

a- will b- would have c- would be d- would

42.I told you about the man ----------------------- lives next door.










Answers:

1.It was too hot to go to the beach yesterday. If only it --------------------- cooler.

a- were b- was c- had been d- has been

2.I feel ill. I wish I ----------------------- so many sweets!

a- had eaten b- hadn't eaten c- ate d- didn't eat

3. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he ------------------------------ taller!

a- is b- was c- were d- weren't

4. I can’t do this exercise. I wish I ----------------------------------------- it.

a- understood b- understand c- understanding d- understands

4. Mr. Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman. If only he ------------- Chinese.

a- speak b- spoke c- had spoken d- speaks

5. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents ------------------------ me stay out later.

a- let's b- won't let c- would let d- will let

6. If only I ----------------- lost my ticket!

a- haven't b- didn't c- hadn't d- weren't

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7. If you -------------to learn a new language, you need to be motivated. ( will want / want / wanted)

a- will want b- want c- wanted d- would want

8. Jaber isn’t old enough to drive a car. He wishes he --------- older .

a- was b- were c- had been d- had

9. My cousins don’t live near here. I wish they ------------ so far away.

a- were b- weren't c- had been d- hadn't been

10. Would you like to work ----------------- a teacher in a big school?

a- about b- on c- as d- into

11. We need to decide --------------- a place to meet. ( into , on , at , about )


12. Can you translate this Arabic ---------------- English for me, please?


13. If Ali --------------- his own computer, he wouldn't need to use his friend's computer.

a- has b- have c- had had d- had

14. I’d like to talk _____ the film I’ve just seen; it was brilliant!


15. The teacher asked us ------------------ our favourite books.


16 . My sister is really good ------------------ drawing and painting.

a- on b- at c- into d- about

17. Plants die if they ----------------------------- enough sunlight.

a- don't get b- didn't get c- doesn't get d- aren't

18. Water -------------------- to ice if the temperature falls below zero.

a- turn b- turning c- turned d- turns

19. Provided that it --------------------------, we will have a picnic next week.

a- don't rain b- hadn't rained c- doesn't rain d- had rained

20. Even if Omar ----------- his driving test this afternoon, he won't have his own car.

a- passed b- passes c- pass d- passed

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21. Babies --------------------- usually happy as long as they aren't hungry or cold.

a- will be b- are c- will d- had been

22. If my father had gone to university, he -------------------- a teacher.

a- will be b- could be c- could have been d- might be

23. Unless you have a language degree, you --------------- not be able to become an interpreter.

a- do b- won't c- will d- wouldn't

24. If you get an interview for a job, you --------------to show that you have good listening skills.

a- will need b- would need c- will d- would

25. If you are successful, it ---------------- a secure and rewarding job.

a- are b- will be c- won't d- won't be

26. ------------------------ you heat water to 100°C, it boils.


27. You will not pass your exams -------------------- you study hard.


28. Do you usually go home or meet your friends ----------------- school finishes ?


29. ------------------------ you don't water the plants, they will die.


.30. Your new computer will last a long time ------------------- you are careful with it

a- when b- unless c- as long as d- even if

31. We need umbrellas ------------------------ it rains.

a- when b- unless c- as if d- even if

32. The teacher will be pleased ---------------------I write a good essay.


33. We should always be polite ------------------------ we feel tired.


34. If Huda ------------- ill yesterday, she wouldn’t have missed the exam.

a- wasn't b- hadn't been c- been d- hadn't

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83

35. If my father had gone to university, he --------------------- have been a teacher.

a- can b- could c- was d- were

36. We couldn’t go to the stadium ---------------------- there weren’t any tickets left


37. ---------------------------- I was tired, I went to bed

a- As b- So c- Therefore d- Due to

38. We were late -------------------------- the traffic


39. We were caught in traffic, ---------------------- we missed the start of the play.

a- since b- as c- therefore d- due to

40. She worked hard; ------------, she did very well in her exams.

a- since b- so c- consequently d- due to

41. If I were you, I --------------------- study harder

a- will b- would have c- would be d- would

42. I told you about the man ----------------------- lives next door.










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Guided writing الكتابة الموجهة

نماذج الكتابة الموجهة

النموذج االول

(sيستخدم هذا النموذج إذا بدأ العنوان بإحدى الكلمات التي تنتهي بحرف )

Disadvantages سيئات Waysطرق Purposesأهداف Achievementsانجازات

Advantagesحسنات Advices نصائح Aims اهداف Suggestions اقتراحات

Reasons اسباب Methodsطرق Targets أهداف Causes اسباب

Factors عوامل Benefits فوائد Solutionsاهداف Goals اهداف / results نتائج

the /the main/ some / bestمالحظة : قد تسبق الكلمات السابقة ب

What is the ….?/ what are the …..?

هنا يجب حذفها من العنوان و نحل على النموذج

There are many ……العنوان..... Such as …… and ……….. .Also, there are other /there is another

. ………… Like ………..as well as .…العنوان..…

( للفعل في بداية الجملة من المعطيات الثالث او االربعة.ingمع اضافة )

Purposes of building tunnels

- make car journeys shorter and faster

- reduce traffic jams

- prevent car accidents

There are many purposes of building tunnels such as making car journeys shorter and faster and

reducing traffic jams. Also, there is another Purpose of building tunnels like preventing car

accidents.

Characteristics of traditional education

-attend classes in person

-have more opportunities to join clubs

-need more guidance and more direct contact with

teachers

- attend classes in a specific time and in a specific

location

There are many Characteristics of traditional education such as attending classes in person and

having more opportunities to join clubs. Also, there are other Characteristics of traditional

education like needing more guidance and more direct contact with teachers as well as attending

classes in a specific time and in a specific location.

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85

The best ways to reduce water usage

-Take shorter showers Take shorter showers

-Wash your fruits and vegetables in a bowl

-Turn off the water tap while you wash your hands

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The best ways to reduce traffic jams in big cities

- use the public transport

- share car journeys

- use your leg.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Results of spending too much time at computers

-Hurt eyes

-Damage hands

-Cause headaches

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The benefits of sleeping

-Provides our bodies with a chance to switch off

-Wake up in the morning feeling alert and rested

-Concentrate at work or at school

Some reasons of using internet websites

- To buy things

- To book holidays

- To pay bills

- To access their bank account

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What are the advantages of computers?

- store much data and information

- carry out work very fast

- connect to the internet

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The main purposes of sending people to prison

- Punish them

- Protect society

- Rehabilitate them

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

النموذج الثاني

يستخدم هذا النموذج اذا بدأ العنوان بصفة مثل :

Adventurous / successful / hardworking

للفعل الواقع في اول الجملة من المعطيات الثالث أو االربعة (ing)مع اضافة

There are many qualities of ……العنوان..... Such as …… and ……….. .Also, there are other /there is

another …..العنوان…. Like ………..as well as ………… .

ambitious people

- strive towards a goal

- continue to work through setbacks

- set another goal

Some benefits of recycling paper

- Reduce air pollution

- conserve natal recourses

- save landfill spaces

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87

There are many qualities of Ambitious people such as striving towards a goal and continuing to

work through setbacks. Also, there is another quality of ambitious people like setting another goal.

Confident people

- listen ten times more than they speak

- ask freely for help

- avoid self- promotion

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

Country people

-Live in small shops

-Grow their own vegetables

-Have relaxing lives.

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

النموذج الثالث

how toيستخدم هذا النموذج اذا بدأ العنوان ب .....

للفعل الواقع في اول الجملة لكل من المعطيات . (ing )مع اضافة howتحذف

There are many ways to ……العنوان..... Such as …… and ……….. .Also, there are other /there is


How to be an ideal student in your school?

- respect your teachers and classmates

- keep your class clean

- do your homework

There are many ways to be an ideal students in your school such as respecting your teachers and

classmates and keeping your class clean. Also, There are another way to be an ideal students in

your school like doing your homework.

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How to use dictionary?

Use proper alphabets.

Use guide words to save time

Check all abbreviations and symbols in the special

sections

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

How to be a good colleague

- Listen and learn from colleague.

- Offer to help your colleague.

- Ask your colleague if you are not sure about doing something.

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

How to improve your English language

- listen to English programs

- read English newspaper and magazines

- join English courses regularly

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

How to become an excellent student

-Pay attention to your teachers

-Review your notes when you have free time

-Do your daily homework

-Ask a parent to create a mini- test for you before exams.

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

النموذج الرابع

يستخدم هذا النموذج اذا طلب منك التحدث عن ايجابيات او سلبيات شيء ما .

. -------------------------- have many ------ it is ------------ and ------------ . Also, it is --العنوان--

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89

- Mobile phone calls

- Advantages

- quick

- personal

- can be recorded

Mobile phone calls have many advantages it is quick and personal. Also, it can be recorded.

النموذج الخامس

whyيستخدم هذا النموذج اذا بدا العنوان ب

للفعل الواقع في أول الجملة من المعطيات . (ing)الفعل المساعد مع اضافة ( و why)نحذف عالمة السؤال و نحذف

There are many reasons that make……العنوان..... Such as …… and ……….. .Also, there are other

/there is another …..العنوان…. Like ………..as well as ………… .

- why are animal's zoo good and important?

- protect animals which are in danger of extinction

- educate people

- attract tourists

There are many reasons that make animal's zoo good and important such as protecting animals

which are in danger of extinction and educating people. Also, there is another reason that make

animal's zoo good and important like attracting tourists

Why do people use internet websites?

- buy things - book holidays - access bank account

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

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النموذج السادس

يستخدم هذا النموذج عند المقارنة بين شيئين

On the one hand, ……. العنوان…….. is………….and………. . On the other hand , ……. العنوان……..

is………….and………. .

Mobile phone Telephone

- easy to carry

- used anyway

- fix

- cheaper

On the one hand mobile phone is easy to carry and used anyway . On the other hand , telephone is

fix and cheaper.

Amman Paris

Mixture of lid and new

building

Small population

Wide range of shops

Full of modern building

Large population

Wide range of shops

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

Watching sports on TV Watching sports live

- exciting

- comfortable and cheep

- noisy

- uncomfortable and

expensive

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

النموذج السابع

يستخدم اذا طلب منك مقارنة حسنات و سيئات او مع او ضد .

On the one hand, the advantages of ----- العنوان----- are ------------ and --------- .

One the other hand , the disadvantages of ----- العنوان------- are -------------- and ------------ .

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migration

Advantages disadvantages

- find a better life

- escape from natural disasters

- feel lonely

- suffer from the cultural shock

On one hand, the advantages of migration are find a better life and escape from natural disasters. On

the other hand, the disadvantages of migration are feel lonely and suffer from the cultural shock.

Using public transport

-Arguments for: economic, less traffic jams

-Arguments against: inconvenient, consume one's time

Cutting down trees


- sell the wood

- make more agricultural lands

- affect the climate of the world

- cause soil erosion

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

Mobile phone


- easy to carry

- small

- used anyway

- expensive

- easy to break

- easy to be lost or stolen

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

ثامنالنموذج ال

((whatيستخدم هذا النموذج اذا بدأ السؤال ب

للفعل الواقع في أول الجملة من المعطيات . (ing)مع اضافة و عالمة السؤال( whatنحذف )

There are many things ……العنوان..... Such as …… and ……….. .Also, there are other /there is


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92

What should happen to hunters who kill wild animals?

- ban from hunting

- fine for killing animals

- put in prison

There are many things should happen to hunters who kill wild animals such as banning from

hunting and fining for killing animals. Also, there is another thing should happen to hunters who

kill wild animals like putting in prison.

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

لتاسعالنموذج ا

يستخدم هذا النموذج اذا طلب منك كتابة سيرة لشخصية ما .

--- he/ she was ---------تاريخ الوالدة--------- in ----------مكان الوالدة-------- was born in ------اسم الشخص------

---- such as --------------- and -------اسم الشخص------ there are many achievements of . --------المهنة------

------------ he died in ---------مكان الوفاة------- and --------تاريخ الوفاة -------.

Name: NajeebMahfouth

Place / Date of birth : Cairo , - 1911

Place / Date of death : Cairo , -2006

Profession: novelist

Achievements: - awarded the Nobel prize for literature

- father of modern Arabic literature .

Najeeb Mahfouth was born in Cairo in 1911 he was Novelist .there are many achievements of

Najeeb Mahfouth such as awarding the Nobel prize for literature and father of modern Arabic

literature, he died in Cairo in 2006.

What should happen to motorists who break the speed limits?

- ban from driving

- fine for driving fast

- put them in prison

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William Shakespeare

Name William Shakespeare

Place / Date of birth 1564 , Stratford-upon-Avon

Achievements Thirty seven plays and 154 sonnets

Profession English poet and playwright

.................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

Adeeb al-Blooshi

Name Adeeb al-Blooshi

Place / Date of birth Dubai, 2005

Achievements Invented a tiny cleaning robot and a

heart monitor

Profession Inventor

.................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

عاشرالنموذج ال

.نك الكتابة عن مدينة أو موقعيسيتخدم اذا طلب م

---- and----الهدف-----in -----------------. It was built to ------المكان------ is located in -------اسم الموقع-------

-------------- the cost of building is about ---------التكلفة------ ,it was constructed /built in------تاريخ البناء-

---------, it has -----(يمكنك حذف بعض العبارات الغير موجودة) .----الوصف

Name : Masdar city

Location : United Arab Emirates / Abu Dhabi

Objectives : - help drive the economic diversification of Abu Dhabi

- expand Abu Dhabi position in evolving global energy markets.

Cost :$22.5 billion

Masdar city is located in United Arab Emirates in Abu Dhabi. It was built to help drive the

economic diversification of Abu Dhabi and expand Abu Dhabi's position in evolving global energy

markets . The cost of building is about $22.5 Billion.

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Qasir Bashir

Location: Jordanian desert

Date of construction: beginning of the 4th century

Purpose of building: protection of the Roman borders

Description of building: huge towers,23 rooms

.................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

النموذج الحادي عشر

. He/ She -------- المؤهل, has got a --------------- تفاصيل االتصالWho lives in --------------- اسم الشخص----

has been as ------الخبرة العملية --------.He/ She is a --الصفات الشخصية .------

Curriculum vitae

Name Farida Jabari

Contact details 215 Rainbow Street,Amman

Qualification Degree in English (2009 CE)

Work experience Teacher of English, Taha Hussein Secondary

School, Zarka-2009-now

Personal attributes Dedicated, ambitious worker

Farida Jabari, who lives in 215 Rainbow Street,Amman, has got a Degree in English since 2009

CE. She has been as a teacher of English, Taha Hussein Secondary School, Zarka-2009-now. She

is a dedicated, ambitious worker.

Curriculum vitae

Name Tareq hakeem

Contact details North Street,Ajlun

Qualification Degree in chemistry (2008CE)

Work experience 2009-2012: Shop assistance at chemist's

2012-2014:reporter for medicine today.

2014-now: editor in scientific journal

Personal attributes Conscientious, enthusiastic worker

.................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

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Irregular verbs

Meaning P.p Past Present No.

been Was ,were Be: am ,is ,are 1 يكون

Begun Began Begin 2 يبدأ

Drunk Drank Drink 3 يشرب

Rung |Rang Ring 4 يقرع

Shrunk Shrank Shrink 5 يتقلص

Sang Sang Sing 6 يغني

Sunk Sank Sink 7 يغدق

يظهر فجأة /يقفز Sprung Sprang Spring 8

Swum Swam Swim 9 يسبح

Cost Cost Cost 10 يكلف

Cut Cut Cut 11 يقطع

Shut Shut Shut 12 يغلق

Put Put Put 13 يضع

Hit Hit Hit 14 يضرب

Hurt Hurt Hurt 15 يؤذي

Let Let Let 16 يدع

Set Set Set 17 يقيم/يضع

Read Read Read 18 يقرأ

Spread Spread Spread 19 ينتشر

Thrust Thrust Thrust 20 يدفع بعنف

Told Told Tell 21 يخبر

Sold Sold Sell 22 يبيع

Broken Broke Break 23 يكسر

Stolen Stole Steal 24 يسرق

Worn Wore Wear 25 يلبس/يرتدي

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96

Sworn Swore Swear 26 يقسم/يحلف

Spoken Spoke Speak 27 يتحدث

Woken Woke Wake 28 ينهض

Bent Bent Bend 29 ينحني

Spent Spent Spend 30 يقضي/ينفق

Lent Lent Lend 31 يقرض

Felt Felt Feel 32 يشعر

Crept Crept Creep 33 يزحف

Kept Kept Keep 34 يحفظ

Swept Swept Sweep 35 يجتاح

Wept Wept Weep 36 يبكي

Met Met Meet 37 يقابل

Dealt Dealt Deal 38 يعامل

Dreamt Dreamt Dream 39 يحلم

Meant Meant Mean 40 يقصد/يعني

Burnt Burnt Burn 41 يحرق

Blown Blew Blow 42 يهب الريح

Grown Grew Grow 43 ينمو

Thrown Threw Throw 44 يرمي

Known Knew Know 45 يعرف

Flown Flew Fly 46 يطير

Found Found Find 47 يجد

Ground Ground Grind 48 يطحن

Fought Fought Fight 49 يقاتل

Dug Dug Dig 50 يحفر

Flung Flung Fling 51 يقذف

Stuck Stuck Stick 52 يلصق

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97

Struck Struck Strike 53 يضرب

Hung Hung Hang 54 يعلق

Taught Taught Teach 55 يعلم

Caught Caught Catch 56 يمسك

Brought Brought Bring 57 يحضر

Bought Bought Buy 58 يشتري

Thought Thought Think 59 يفكر

Sought Sought Seek 60 يبحث

Fed Fed Feed 61 يغذي/يطعم

Bled Bled bleed 62 ينزف

Fled Fled Flee 63 يهرب

Led Led Lead 64 يقود

Spelt Spelt Spell 65 يجيء

smelt Smelt Smell 66 يشم

Dwelt Dwelt Dwell 67 يسكن

Built Built Build 68 يبني

Got Got Get 69 يحصل

Won Won Win 70 يربح

Laid Laid lay 71 يضع

Paid Paid Pay 72 يدفع

Said Said Say 73 يقول

Taken Took Take 74 يأخذ

Shaken Shook Shake 75 يهز

Born Bore Bear 76 يتحمل

Torn Tore Tear 77 يمزق

Frozen Froze Freeze 78 يتجمد

Chosen Chose Choose 79 يختار

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98

Bidden Bade Bid 80 يأمر

Hidden Hid Hide 81 يختبئ

Bitten Bit Bite 82 يعض

Come Came Come 83 يأتي

Become Became Become 84 يصبح

Stood Stood Stand 85 يقف

Understood Understood Understand 86 يفهم

Given Gave Give 87 يعطي

Forgiven Forgave Forgive 88 يسامح

Driven Drove Drive 89 يقود مركبة

Forgotten Forgot Forget 90 ينسى

Risen Rose Rise 91 يرتفع/ينهض

Written Wrote Write 92 يكتب

Ridden Rode Ride 93 يقود دراجة

Sat Sat Sit 94 يجلس

Shone Shot Shoot 95 يشرق

Lit Lit Light 96 يضيء

Lost Lost Lose 97 يضيع/يفقد

Shone Shone Shine 98 يشرق

Run Ran Run 99 يركض

Heard Heard Hear 100 يسمع

Gone Went Go 101 يذهب

Left Left Leave 102 يغادر

Fallen Fell Fall 103 يسقط

Done Did Do 104 يعمل

Held Held Hold 105 يحمل

Seen Saw See 106 يرى

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99

Made Made Make 107 يعمل

Eaten Ate Eat 108 يأكل

Fallen Fell Fall 109 يهبط

The End

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model three unit four

Documents