Model Submarine Project

NAME : NARESH A/L K S BARAMA SIVAM TITLE : HOW TO MAKE A MODEL SUBMARINE FORM : 1 CEKAL- SMK SULAIMAN BAND : B6D3EI TEACHER’ S NAME : MISS LEE YUET LAI

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NO TITLE PAGE

1 Acknowledgement 3

2 Introduction

: What is a submarine ?

: How a submarine

works ?

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3 Thing needed to built a

model submarine

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4 Instructions to make model

submarine

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5 Conclusion 12

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First of all, I would like to express my

appreciation to everyone who had assisted me with

my submarine model project by wishing thank you. I

am also like to thanks to my Science Teacher, Miss

Lee for her guidance in explaining how to do the

submarine model. My thanks are also given to my

parents for their efforts in helping me for my finance

and moral support. Without their support and

guidance, this project work will not be able to meet

it success.

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A submarine is a special kind of boat that is able to go

underwater!.While most other boats are made to float, a

submarine is made to do both: Travel on top of the water or

beneath it.

Because they go underwater, a submarine is closed up

on all sides so that the people inside don’t get drenched! In

order to move down below the surface, submarines are built

with special sealed compartments that open up and fill with

water. This weighs the boat down so that it sinks. When a

submarine is ready to come back up to the surface, its crew

releases the water in these compartments so the boat is

lighter again and floats back up!

Submarines are useful because they allow militaries to move

around in the oceans without being seen. They’re also used

a lot by scientists. By bringing them down under the water,

researchers can study marine life that they’d never

otherwise be able to see!

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A submarine is basically a water tight bubble. It is propelled by

diesel motors that spin a propeller. They also have air tanks that then

can fill and release with air to help the boat dive and ascend in the

water.

When the submarine dives, it is supported with a force equal to

the weight of the fluid displaced. This means that a larger submarine

have greater buoyant forces acting on it because it displaces more

water.

When the submarine is diving, weight, in the form of sea water,

is added to the total weight of the boat. This works to counteract the

buoyant force and the submarine dives. The sub can then surface by

exchanging the sea water with compressed air, reducing its weight.

The buoyant force will then push the submarine upward toward the

surface.

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The water and air used in surfacing and diving is stored in ballast tanks. Ballast tanks are generally located between the outer hull and the pressure hull. Typically submarines are equipped with multiple ballast tanks. The first is the main tank that is used for surfacing and diving. Other smaller tanks, called trimming tanks, are located in the rear and front of the submarine and are used to reorient the submarine underwater. Adjusting the level of the water in either of the trimming tanks can tip the ship slightly, or level it out.

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After a week studying how the submarines work, I gained some

great ideas to make my model submarine. I decided to use the density

method, water and air. This is because submarine sinks or floats as

desired by using water and air density method.

aquarium tube

marbles

The above diagram is my model submarine’s draft. I decided to

use cheap materials some used materials around the house to build my

submarine.

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cutting plier screw

marbles

plastic bottle

aquarium tube silicone glue

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Make six equally spaced

holes into the bottle's side.

Make also a hole in the cap.

Apply silicone glue to stick

the marbles accordingly.

First, heat up the screw to make

holes in empty plastic bottle. 1

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Stack the marbles one by one.

Arrange the marbles in straight

line. It will make the bottle to sink

vertically.

Stack the tube into the hole in the cap.

Gently put the submarine into a pail of

water, making sure that the long end of the

tube does not completely submerge and

take on water. The submarine should sink a

bit. And later will sink completely.

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A strong blow can raise up the submarine and make it float.

Once it sink, slowly blow through the tube to give a air space.

We can repeat the steps as many times as we can. The submarine will sink and float.

The submarine is sinking slowly.

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As a conclusion I understood that, a submarine can descend or rise by changing its overall density relative to the water around it. It does this by filling its ballast tanks either with water (increasing its density) or with air (decreasing its density).

Decreasing the amount of water in its ballast tanks by replacing it with air lowers the total mass of the submarine; this decreases its density. When the density of the submarine is greater than the surrounding water, it begins to sink. This is called negative buoyancy. A moveable set of wings, called hydroplanes, helps control the angle of the dive.

Understanding the same method, I have made my model submarine. The experience was superb. I learn a lot about submarine. This is why I am crazy about science. I LOVE SCIENCE.