Model of visual cortex Preferred direction Null direction V G E G I Experiments: Université Rene Descartes, Paris (rats and cats, visual cortex neurons, in-vivo, dynamic clamp): Anton V. Chizhov Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of RAS, St.-Petersburg
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Model of visual cortex
Preferred direction Null direction
V
GE
GI
Experiments:Université Rene Descartes, Paris (rats and cats, visual cortex neurons, in-vivo, dynamic clamp):
Anton V. Chizhov
Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of RAS,St.-Petersburg
Introduction
Experiment. Thalamic neuron responses on 3 trials of visual stimulation by movie.
F. Chavane, D. Sharon, D. Jancke, O.Marre, Y. Frégnac and A.
Grinvald // Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, v.5, article 4, 1-26,
2011.
Local interactions in visual cortex
1 mm
Hypercolumn
Retinotopic projection
Orientation-tuned patchy connections
Ocular dominance
Зрительная кора
Experiment. Responses of a neuron selective to direction of stimulus movement.
Experiment. Orientation map.
Model. Response of 1mm2-area of the cortex on a change of orientation of visual stimulus-bar.
Model. Responses of 2 neurons preferring orthogonal orientations.
Simulation
2-d CBRD model of visual cortex
• Continuum in 2-d cortical space
• 2 layers: 2/3 и 4
• 2 populations: exc. (E) and inh. (I) neurons in each layer
• 3 types of synapses: AMPA, GABA-A and NMDA
• pinwheel-structure of input
• input is the luminance gradient of the visual stimulus
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Computational costs for simulation of 1 mm2 of cortex
Monte-Carlo simulation(101-102 ODEs for 1 neuron
+ 2-104 ODEs for synapses)X 2-10 synaptic typesX 102 neurons 1 one column X 101-102 columns in 1 hypercolumnX 101 hypercolumns in 1 mm2
X 102-103 stimulation trialsTotal: 107-1012 ODEs.
CBRD continual model(101 PDEs for 1 neuron
X 2-10 types of neuronsX 101-102 discretization points in t*- space + 101 ODEs for synapses) X (101-102)2 discretization points in (x,y)-space
Kolmogorov-Fokker-Planck (KFP)-based ring model for
LIF-neurons with synaptic kinetics
2-d CBRD model for Hodgkin-Huxley (HH)-neurons with
synaptic kinetics
KFP-based ring model for
LIF-neurons with instantaneous synaptic currents
Firing-Rate (FR) ring model with
instantaneous synaptic currents
=
20151050
Hz
Hierarchy of models
Canonical firing-rate ring model [Ben Yishai 1995] [Hansel, Sompolinsky, 1996]
)),((),(=),( . tIt
dttd FRst
FRFR
)(cos ),( ))(cos(21
=),( 02020
IIdtJJtI FR
Virtual rotation effect
Contrast invariance effect
Map 2-d geometry to a ring
Threshold-linear approximation of steady-state firing rate of LIF noisy neuron
pA
Hz
0 100 200 300 4000
20
40
60
80
100
Map CBRD-ring to FR-ring
Assumptions:
Canonical firing-rate ring model with shunt
)),(~,),(~(),(=),( . tstIt
dttd st
FRFR
)(cos~~ )( ))(cos~~(21
=),(~02020
IIdJJtI
)(cos~~ )( ))(cos~~(21
=),(~02020
KKdLLts
Fokker-Planck-based ring model
)(cos~~ )( ))(cos~~(21
=),(~02020
IIdJJtI
)(cos~~ )( ))(cos~~(21
=),(~02020
KKdLLts
)(2)(
)(2
22
resetmV
Lrestm VV
VtsgtI
VVVt
TVVm
V
Vt
2
)(
2-d CBRD
FR-shunt ring FP-shunt ring
CBRD ring, cos-profileCBRD ring, exp-profile
canonical FR ring model
CBRD ring, nonadapt.
CBRD ring, 2-comp. LIF
CBRD ring, 1-comp. LIF
Stationary solutions and the effect of Contrast Invariance
No adaptation + adaptation + adaptation + NMDA
Comparison with experiments
C
Vd
Vd
Vd
Vd
Vs
VsIs
Is
g=Id/(Vd-Vrev)
B
Рис. Согласование модели двух-компонентного нейрона (кружки) с экспериментальными данными (сплошные линии) по одновременным регистрациям на соме и дендрите [Pouille, Scanziani 2004]. A, ответы на стимуляцию в alveus в режиме фиксации тока показаны слева, ответ с фиксацией потенциала на соме -- справа. B, в другой клетке получены ответы на подачу тормозящей проводимости (gin амплитудой 5nS и временной зависимостью, показанной зеленой линией) в режиме dynamic-clamp.
A
[F.Pouille, M.Scanziani //Nature, 2004]
Passive properties of 2-compartment neuron
Рис. Модель и эксперимент [Karnup, Stelzer 1999]
Spiking of single neuron
E X P E R I M E N T
M O D E L
Lower Point Upper Point
M O D E L
E X P E R I M E N T
[Myme et al. 2003]
AMPA- and NMDA-EPSCs
[Dong et al. 2004]
Synaptic currents
EPSCs and IPSCs
E X P E R I M E N T
M O D E L
Spatiotemporal patterns generated by an electrical stimulus reveal clusters of activity. Scale bars in the experiments are 220μm.
E X P E R I M E N T
Activity patterns in visual cortex slices
M O D E L
3.5 ms 6.5 ms [Tucker & Katz, 2003]
3.5 ms 6.5 ms-68.8
-69.4
-70
mV
*
-68.8
-69.4
-70
mV
*
[Tucker & Katz, 2003]PSPs
Responses on electrical stimulation
E X P E R I M E N T
M O D E L
PSPs
ms
mV
0 20 40 60-70
-68
-66
-64
-62 weakmoderatestrong
ms
mV
0 20 40 60
-6
-4
-2
0
2
weakmoderatestrong
ms
mV
0 20 40 60
-68
-66
-64
-62
-60
controlBic
ms
mV
0 20 40 60
-68
-66
-64
-62
-60 controlBic
-69.5
-70
mV
*
*
Stimulation of the diffuse zone and optical claster
2 stimulating electrodes
E X P E R I M E N T
M O D E L
S1
S2
[Tucker & Katz, 2003]
S1
S2
ms
mV
0 20 40 60
-65
-60
expected S1+S2
S1+S2
*
*S1
S2
-69
-70
mV
*
*
E X P E R I M E N T
M O D E L
S1
S2
[Tucker & Katz, 2003]
ms
mV
0 20 40 60
-70
-65
-60
expected S1+S2
S1+S2
S1
S2
*
*S1
S2
Stimulation of two diffuse zones
2 stimulating electrodes
Vo
ltag
e(m
V)
Hz
-70
-60
-50
-40
0
25
50
75neuron preferred 0o-oriented bar
Time (ms)
Vo
ltag
e(m
V)
Hz
0 50 100 150 200 250 300-70
-60
-50
-40
20
40
60
80neuron preferred 45o-oriented bar
Excitatory neurons
Interneurons
ExperimentModelV
olta
ge
(mV
)
Hz
-70
-60
-50
-40
0
25
50
75neuron preferred 0o-oriented bar
Time (ms)
Vo
ltag
e(m
V)
Hz
0 50 100 150 200 250 300-70
-60
-50
-40
20
40
60
80neuron preferred 45o-oriented bar
StimulusVisual cortex
1 mm
E X P E R I M E N T
M O D E L
E X P E R I M E N T
Visual stimulation
Explanation:
Model
Visual illusion (tilt after-effect)
60
40
20
0
Hz
x
xx
x
x x x
xx
x xxx
x x x 50
25
0
Hz
x
xx
x
x x x
xx
x xxx
x x x
Hypothetic effect of depression of the “background” image by binocular vision