29/09/2015 Model Development Guidance Date: 03/02/2016 Status Ver 1.0 (Draft) Distribution All members of MOCHA Context This is a guidance document for developing information and process models for child health services in preparation of the MOCHA WP1 workshop to be held on 8 th March 2016. Authors Simon de Lusignan, Harshana Liyanage, Filipa Ferreira (University of Surrey)
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29/09/2015
Model Development Guidance
Date: 03/02/2016
Status Ver 1.0 (Draft)
Distribution All members of MOCHA
Context This is a guidance document for developing information and process models for child health
services in preparation of the MOCHA WP1 workshop to be held on 8th March 2016.
Authors Simon de Lusignan, Harshana Liyanage, Filipa Ferreira (University of Surrey)
Report name: Model Development Guidance
29/09/2015
Introduction
We have planned to explore various types of models that can be used to represent the
information and processes in child health systems during the MOCHA WP1 workshop to be held
on 8th March 2016.. The suggested methods will allow modelling systems in multiple
perspectives, thereby, giving deeper insights into how complex systems operate in real world
scenarios. This is particularly important when elucidating the technical requirements that will
lead to specifying and building datasets that will eventually be analysed in studies conducted
within the MOCHA project. The techniques suggested to be used to model these multiple
perspectives are to be used in the project are illustrated in Figure 1.
In this guidance document, we aim to introduce basic notations (for understanding the models),
tools (for developing the models) and typical examples of their usage.
Figure 1: Multiple perspectives of a system
Rich Pictures Rich pictures are used to encourage “systems thinking”(Systems thinking is the process of
understanding how those things which may be regarded as systems influence one another
within a complete entity, or larger system).1 This is particularly useful due to the complex
nature of today’s health systems. This method was originally introduced by Peter Checkland as a
part of the Soft Systems Methodology.2
A Rich picture shows an unstructured description of a system or a situation. This is often helpful
to identify where particular issues exists within a complex system. These illustrations are
developed usually by interviewing people that operate within the system. Unlike other
techniques there are no rules or constraints for drawing the diagrams.
References 1 Checkland, Peter. "Systems thinking, systems practice." (1981). 2 Checkland, P. (2000), Soft systems methodology: a thirty year retrospective. Syst. Res., 17: S11–S58. 3 Monk A, Howard S. The rich picture: a tool for reasoning about work context Interactions, 5 (2) (1998), pp. 21–30. 4 Bruza, P. D., Van der Weide, Th. P., "The Semantics of Data Flow Diagrams", University of Nijmegen, 1993 5 Rumbaugh J, Jacobson I, Booch G. "The unified modeling language reference manual." 1999 6 de Lusignan S, Krause P, Michalakidis G, Vicente MT, Thompson S, McGilchrist M, Sullivan F, van Royen P, Agreus L, Desombre T, Taweel A, Delaney B. Business Process Modelling is an Essential Part of a Requirements Analysis. Contribution of EFMI Primary Care Working Group. Yearb Med Inform. 2012;7:34-43. 7 Bpmnorg. 1. Bpmnorg. [Online]. Available from: http://www.bpmn.org/ [Accessed 3 February 2016]. 8 de Lusignan S, Cashman J, Poh N, Michalakidis G, Mason A, Desombre T, Krause P. Conducting requirements analyses for research using routinely collected health data: a model driven approach. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;180:1105-7.