Model Answer Key - Kautilya Academy

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Kautilya Academy Phone No. 0731- 4266821, 98939 9541 Mob.: 94250 68121

Model Answer KeyDate : 22/09/2019

A - yksd iz'kklu ls D;k vk'k; gSa\

& yksd iz'kklu ,d ,slh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk gSaAtgk¡ ukSdj'kkgksa }kjk jkT; ds dk;Z lEikfnr fd,tkrs gSaA

B - eukso`fRr ds la?kVd rRo fy[kks\

& eukso`fRr ds rhu la?kVd rRo gksrs gSa&

1- laKkukRed 2- HkkoukRed 3- fØ;kRed

C - vfHkizjs.kk fdls dgrs gSa\

& vfHkizjs.kk& y{; vk/kkfjr ÅtkZ dk lap; gh vfHkizjs.kkdgykrh gSA ;g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa&1- vkUrfjd 2- ckgjh

D - Hkz"Vkpkj ds rhu dkjd crkb,\

& Hkz"Vkpkj& 1- miHkksDrkoknh fopkj/kkjk

2- de osru

3- jktuhfr dk vuko';d gLr{ksi

A - What is meant by public administration?

The word public administrat ion is thecombination of two words—public andadministration.

Public administration is the device used toreconcile bureaucracy with democracy.

All those activities instruments which areundertaken by the govt. to take care of the people,to serve or look after the people.

B - Write down the components of attitude ?

3 components of attitude are;

1.Cognitive Component.

2.Affective Component.

3.Behavioral Component.

C - What do you mean by Motivation ?

Motivation can be defined as the processes thataccount for an individual’s intensity, direction,and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal.

The word “motivation” comes from the Latinword “movere”which means move.

There are two types of motivation, Intrinsic andExtrinsic motivation.

D - What are the three causes of corruption?

1. Decline in moral and ethical values.

2. Encouragement of unhealthy competition.

3. Lack of transparency in affairs and deals.

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E - Write down the types of attitudes?

Types of Attitudes:

Attitudes are of Two classes:

1. Express (direct) result of reflexes

2. Inherent (indirect) rooted in the unconsciousmind

F - Explain the importance of fairness?

Impartiality is a principle of justice holding thatdecisions should be based on objective criteria,rather than on the basis of bias, prejudice, orpreferring the benefit to one person over anotherfor improper reasons.

A public servant possess control of publicresources and an act of favoritism or bias maylead to undue advantages to one person/ entityand even corruption; Impartiality placesobjectivity above personal preferences and biasand improves the efficiency of public servicedelivery etc.

G - What does Dedication mean ?

Dedication is the eminence of people to bedevoted or loyal to a duty or purpose, thought oraction.

Dedication is vital personality trait of anindividual. In organizational framework, faithfulemployees work towards achieving theorganizational goals. Dedication will carrypeople through a lack of motivation. It is hisability to continue acting when motivation islacking. Dedication will drive to certain taskrapidly. There are some occupations in whichemployees dedicate their lives to public service,even sacrificing their personal life and comfort.

H - Who gave concept of Integral Humanism?

Integral humanism, coined by DeendayalUpadhyaya, means that the human being is atthe core position of the social, political andeconomic model. It is opposed to both Westernliberalism and Marxian socialism which it viewsas materialistic ideologies incapable of dealingwith native problems. Integral humanists believethat all the three aims i.e Dharma, Artha andKaama are essential to achieve liberation orMoksha.

E - eukso`fRr ds izdkjksa dks fy[kks\

& eukso`fRr& eukso`fRr nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa&

1- O;kid euksofRr

2- lkekU; euksofRr

F - fu"i{krk dk egRo crk,aa\

& fu"i{krk& 1- U;k; dh LFkkiuk gsrqA

2- HksnHkko mUewyu ds fy,A

3- lkekftd ,drk ds fy,

G - leiZ.k ls D;k vk'k; gSa\

& leiZ.k& iz'kklfud dk;ksZ ds izfr Å¡ph rhozrk okyheuksfLFkfr dks leiZ.k dgrs gSaA ;g yksdlsodksa dksvfHkizsfjr djrh gS fd og vius dk;ksZ bZekunkjh ofu"Bk ls djsaA

H - ,dkRe ekuorkokn fdlus fn;k\

& iafMr fnun;ky mik/;k;A

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I - What is meant by Antyodaya ?

Antyodaya is combination of two words ‘Ant’and ‘uday’ which mean uplift of the last .

The act ion or sentiment of the rise ordevelopment of economically weaker andbackward classes is basic concept of Antyodaya.

J - What does T.I mean ?

TI

1. is an NGO for the eradication of corruptionglobally.

2. It was founded in 1993 in Berlin by Peter Egan.

3. It has 100 regional offices.

K - Central Vigilance Commission

Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an apexIndian governmental body created in 1964 toaddress governmental corruption.

It has the status of an autonomous body, free ofcontrol from any executive authority, chargedwith monitoring all vigilance activity under theCentral Government of India, advising variousauthorities in Central Government organizationsin planning, executing, reviewing and reformingtheir vigilance work.

L - The pioneer of the Shuddhi movement?

Shuddhi Movement was started by Arya Samajin earlier part of the 20th century to bring backthe people who had converted to Islam andChristianity from Hinduism. Swami DayanandSaraswati played a prominent role in the shuddhimovement. The Shuddhi Movement challengedthe Christian missionaries who tried to convertthe uneducated, poor and depressed classes ofthe Hindus.

M - What are Plato’s four virtues ?

In Plato’s Republic, the four cardinal virtues arewisdom, temperance, courage and justice.

These reflect the nature of the soul.

I - vUR;ksn; ls D;k vk'k; gSa\

& vUR;ksn;& vUR; $ mn; ls feydj cuk gSaA ftldkvFkZ gksrk gSa] lekt dh vk[kjh ;k vafre iafDr lsfodkl djukA ;g vo/kkj.kk ia- fnun;ky mik/;k;us izLrqr dh FkhA

J - T.I ls D;k vk'k; gSa\

& Vh-vkbZ&

1- fo'o Lrj ij Hkz"Vkpkj mUewyu gsrq ,d xSj ljdkjhlaxBu gSaA

2- bldh LFkkiuk 1993 esa cfyZu esa ihVj bZxu ds }kjkdh xbZ FkhA

3- blds 100 {ks=h; dk;kZy; gSaA

K - dsUnzh; lrZdrk vk;ksx\

& dsUnzh; lrZdrk& 1962 esa xfBr ds-laFkkue lfefrdh flQkfj'k ds vk/kkj ij 1964 esa ,d Lora=fuxjkuh vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k] ftls dsUnzh;lrZdrk vk;ksx dgk tkrk gSA

L - 'kqf) vkUnksyu ds iz.ksrk\

& 'kqf) vkanksyu& Lokeh n;kuan ljLorh

M - IysVks ds pkj uSfrd xq.k\

& IysVks ds uSfrd xq.k&

1- la;e 2- lkgl 3- foosd 4- U;k;

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N - Who gave the concept of ‘middle path’ inIndian philosophy ?

Gautam Bhudhha proposes the concept of‘middle path’.

It teaches that Middle Path is renouncingextreme step like indulgence and strictabstinence.

O - Three tasks of public servant?

i. Quasi judicial functions

ii. Function related to policy formulationiii. Advisory functions

iv. Execution of Policy

N - Hkkjrh; n'kZu esa e/;e ekxZ fdlus fn;k\

& xkSre cq)

J - yksd lsod ds rhu dk;Z\

& yksd lsod ds dk;Z& 1- v)ZU;kf;d dk;Z2- fu;kstu laca/kh dk;Z

3- uhfr fuekZ.k gsrq ijke'kZ

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A - Giving a good speech, passing the competitiveexam is not education.

Education is …………...

Describe the statement

In the words of Mahatma Gandhi “By educationI mean an allround drawing out of the best inchild and man–body, mind and spirit.”

Education is closely associated with the socioeconomic development of the society.

Gandhi also maintains that education is essentialfor the attainment of the goal of peace. It can beattained only through morality and ethics.

Modern man lacks this kind of values due to themoney oriented education that he gets. Wewitness different brutal activities, which shocksthe human conscience, regularly in this modernperiod.

Modern education without values has dismantledmans ability to think critically. It has made mana lackey. In this competitive world, we see peopleas only competitors, not as fellow humans.

Deforestation, destruction of natural habitats,environmental crisis are all consequences of thisnon value based education. Olden beliefs havealways promoted protection of nature. But thenew robotic man never ever bothered about them.This was because he was only taught to be rich,not kind, he was only taught to be a machinerather than a human.

The educational systems are trying torecognise their mistakes and is trying to impartvalues in students. They now include not onlythe exam marks but also the students’ behaviour,attitudes and values in the curriculum.It’s hightime that renaissance or the resurrection of ourvalue based education should happen.

Always remember Joseph Addison’s word “Whatsculpture is to a block of marble, education is tosoul.” Thus in my opinion education withoutvalues is a complete waste.

A- vPNk Hkk"k.k nsuk gh] izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk ikl djukf'k{kk ugha gSaA

f'k{kk rks-------------------------dFku dh foospuk dhft,A

Lokeh foosdkuan eSdkys }kjk izfrikfnr vkSj mlle; izpfyr vaxzsth f'k{kk O;ogkj dh fojks/k fd;kx;k D;ksafd bl f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; flQZ ckcqvksa dhla[;k c<+kuk gS rFkk Lokehth ,slh f'k{kk pkgrs Fksftlls ckyd dk lokZaxh.k fodkl gksA f'k{kk dkmn~ns'; vkRefuHkZj cukdj vius iSjks ij [kM+k djukgS blfy, Lokehth us ml le; izpfyr f'k{kk dksfu"ks/kkRed f'k{kk dh laKk dh vkSj dgk fd eSa mlO;fDr dks f'kf{kr ekurk gS ftlls mlds pfj= dkfuekZ.k gh lds] thou la?k"kZ ds fy, rS;kj gks ldsAlekt lsok dh Hkkouk fodflr gks lds rFkk 'ksjtSlk lkgl mRiUu dj ldsa dqN ijh{kk,a mRrh.kZdjus okys rFkk vPNs Hkk"k.k nsus okyksa dks eSa f'kf{krugh ekurk vkids vuqlkj f'k{kk n'kZu eas dqN fuEufl)kar vko';d gS

1- f'k{kk ,slh gh ftlls ckyd ds pfj= dk fuekZ.k gksrFkk eu dk fodkl gksA

2- ckyd&ckfydkvksa dsk leku f'k{kk O;oLFkk

3- /kkfeZd f'k{kk iqLrdksa ls u nsdj vkpj.k ,oa laLdkjksa}kjk dh tkuh pkfg,A

4- f'k{kk xq: xzg eas jgdj izkIr djuh pkfg,

vFkkZr~ Nk=ksa eas vuq'kklu o uSfrdrk ds fodkl gsrqxq: ds fudV jguk vko';d gSA

6 Marks

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B- Describe the work of Abul Kalam Azad as thefirst Minister of Education.

Abul Kalam Azad was an Indian scholar, activistand a senior leader of the Indian NationalCongress during the Indian independencemovement. Born on 11 November 1888 and diedon 22 February 1958.

Following India’s independence, he became theFirst Minister of Education in the Indiangovernment.

Notable work of Abul Kalam Azad as Ministerof Education

1. He had played an important role in foundationof Jamia Millia Islamia at Aligarh in UttarPradesh.

2. As the first minister of education Azad make aunique contribution and stressed on the necessityof starting programs and policies for the speedy,all round und inclusive development ofeducational facilities in the country.

3. He was a strong advocate of universal primaryeducation, girls’ education, free and compulsoryeducation for all children upto the age of 14,vocational training and technical education.

4. He is credited with the establishment of theIndian Institutes of Technology, School ofPlanning and Architecture at New Delhi and theUniversity Grants Commission, an importantinstitution for coordination, determination andmaintenance of standards of higher education inthe country.

5. He established most of the major cultural andliterary academies we have today, including theSangeet Natak Academy, Lalit KalaAcademy,Sahitya Academy as well as the IndianCouncil for Cultural Relations.

For his invaluable contribution to the nation, hewas posthumously awarded India’s highestcivilian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1992. Inhonour and remembrance of his invaluablecontribution to the Indian education system, hisbirthday, 11th November, is celebrated as theNational Education Day.

B- igys f'k{kk ea=h ds :i esa vCnqy dyke vktkn dsdk;ksZ dk o.kZu djsaA

& igys f'k{kkea=h ds :i esa vCnqy dyke vktkn dsdk;Z fuEUk gSa&

vki Lra= Hkkkjr ds igys f'k{kk ea=h Fks vkSj 11 o"kksZrd jk"Vª dh f'k{kk uhfr dk ekxZn'kZu djrs jgs Hkkjrds igys f'k{kk ea=h cuus ij vkius fuEu- dk;Z fd,&

1- Hkkjrh; f'k{kk i)fr rFkk mPpf'k{kk laLFkkuksa dhLFkkiukA

2- vkbZVhvkbZ vkSj fo'o fo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx dhLFkkiukA

3- laxhr ukV~; vdkneh ¼1953½ dh LFkkiukA

4- lkfgR; vdkneh ¼1954½

5- yfyr dyk vdkneh ¼1954½ dh LFkkiukA

6- Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd laca/k ifj"kn~ ¼1950½ dh LFkkiukdhA

7- fo'o fo|ky; esa lkoZHkkSfed f'k{kk] 14 o"kZ rd fu%'kqYdo vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk izko/kkuA

8- dU;kvksa dh f'k{kk] O;lolkf;d f'k{kk] Ñf"k f'k{kk]rduhdh f'k{kk ds izko/kkuA

vr% dgk tk ldrk gS] fd vki Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dsvxznwr FksA

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C - Write the principles and purpose of BrahmoSamaj ?

Brahmo Samaj is a social and religiousmovement founded in Calcutta in 1828 by RajaRammohun Roy during, and as a part of thefamous Bengal Renaissance. He was greatlyinfluenced by other religions, and westernthought, and was one of the first Indian to visiteurope.

Principles and purpose of Brahmo Samaj -

1. There is only one God, who is the creator, andthe saviour of this world. He is spirit, infinite inpower, wisdom, love, justice and holiness,omnipresent, eternal and blissful;

2. No created object, including any image or idol,is to be worshipped as God, and God alone is tobe considered as infallible;

3. The human soul is immortal and capable ofinfinite progress, and is responsible to God forits doings;

4. God manifests himself directly to the humansoul, and no prophets or scriptures are mediatorsbetween God and the soul;

5. Harmony of reason and faith, of devotion andduty, of yoga and bhakti.

AIM:Practice and preaching of monotheisticFellowship of Faiths aimed at purifying,simplifying, unifying and beautifying of religion.

It was through the Brahmo Samaj that manysocial evils prevalent at that time were done

away with, such as; polygamy, untouchability,infanticide, purdah system and the discriminationagainst women.Raja Ram Mohan Roy and theBrahmo Samaj brought a wave of change in 19thCentury in India and made way for socialemancipation, which remains an importantmilestone in the history of the country till thisday.

D - Meaning of attitude, mention the factors forits change ?

Attitudes are individuals’ general affective,cognitive and intentional responses towardobjects, other people, themselves, or socialissues. Attitudes are evaluative statements either favourable or unfavourable concerning

C- czãk lekt ds fl)kar o mn~ns'; fy[kks\

czã lekt&

lu~ 1815 eas jktk jkeeksgu jk; ds }kjk vkReh;lHkk dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ vkxs pydj 20 vxLr1828 dks jktk jkeeksgu jk; us vius lkfFk;ksa dslkFk ,d cSBd eas mls czã lekt dk uke fn;kA

czã lekt iw.kZr% osn ,oa mifu"knksa ls izsfjr Fkkbleas iwtk ds uke ij flQZ osnksas rFkk ea=ks dkmPpkj.k rFkk jktk jkeeksgu jk; ds }kjk jfpr dqNdforkvksa dk ik<= ek= gksrk Fkk mikluk es bZ'ojds fdlh fof'k"V uke o :i dks vk/kkj ugha cuk;kx;k vkSj ugh ewfrZiwtk dk izos'k fn;k x;k bldsfl)kar fuEufyf[kr gSA

1- bZ'oj ,d gS og lalkj dk fuekZ.kdrkZ gSA

2- vkRek vej gSA

3- lHkh ekuo leku gSA

4- euq"; dks vfgalk viukuk pkfg,A

bUgha fl)karkss dks izlkfjr djus rFkk /keZ eas vkbZ:f<+;ksa dks nwj djus ds mn~ns'; dks viukrs gq,1833 eas jk;th dh eR;q ds i'pkr 1843 eas nsosanzukFkVSxksj us iwjk fd;kA

blds mn~ns'; fuEufyf[kr gS

1- fganw /keZ dh dqjhfr;ksa dks nwj djrs gq, ckSf)d ,oarkfdZd thou ij cy nsukA

2- lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ¼lrhizFkk] cky fookg] tkfrizFkk½dks lekIr djukA

3- ,ds'ojokn ij cy

vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd lkekftd dqizFkk,arFkk /kkfeZd dqizFkk,a tks ml le; izpfyr Fkh dksnwj djus rFkk /keZxr ,oa lkekftd 'kqf) ykus dsmn~ns'; ls czã lekt dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA

D- eukso`fÙk dk vFkZ] ifjorZu ds dkjd dk mYys[kdjsa\

& ,y-FkLVZu ds vuqlkj fdlh euksoSKkfud fo"k; dsi{k ;k foi{k esa ldkjkRed ;k udkjkRed Hkkoksa dhrhozrk dks eukso`fRr dgk tkrk gSA eukso`fRr ds rhula?kVd rRo gksrs gSa&

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objects, people or events. They reflect how onefeels about something.

Attitudes are associated beliefs and behaviorstowards some object.They are not stable, andbecause of the communication and behavior ofother people, are subject to change by socialinfluences, as well as by the individual’smotivation.

Attitude can be changed by appropriate attitudechange program

1. Changing cognitive component The first stepof any attitude change strategy is the appeal toindividual reasoning and belief. This is possibleby proper persuasion and effectiveadvertisement.

2. Changing Affective component generallyattitude change program create a message thatresult into emotional arousal. For example scarytactics in anti smoking campaign using warningin graphics on cigarette packet to arouse negativeemotions among the smokers.

3. Changing Behavioral component It has beenfound in studies that those behaviours which hasbeen outwardly expressed, impact our attitudegreatly and up to large extent also shapes ourattitude.

E - The role of society and media in minimizingcorruption ?

The role of the media is critical in promotinggood governance and controlling corruption. Itnot only raises public awareness aboutcorruption, its causes, consequences and possibleremedies but also investigates and reportsincidents of corruption. The effectiveness of themedia, in turn, depends on access to informationand freedom of expression, as well as aprofessional and ethical cadre of investigativejournalists. This paper examines how the mediahave exposed corrupt officials, promptedinvestigations by official bodies, reinforced thework and legitimacy of both parliaments andtheir anticorruption bodies and pressured forchange to laws and regulations that create aclimate favorable to corruption. The paperconsiders, too, how the media can bestrengthened, highlighting private versus publicownership, the need for improved protection of

1- laKkukRed 2- HkkoukRed3- fØ;kRed

eukso`fRr ifjorZu gsrq fuEu- dkjd mi;ksxh gksrs gS&

1- izfrfØ;k

2- Hkwfedk dk fuokZg

3- lkaLÑfrd dkj.k

4- O;fDrxr dkj.k

5- vuqu;u ;k izcks/kd lEizs"k.k

6- :fp

7- fo'okl

8- vfHkizsj.kk

9- lwpuk

10- baVjusV dk egRoA

vr% mijksDr dkjdksa ds vk/kkj ij euksofRr esa ifjorZulaHko gSaA

E- Hkz"Vkpkj dks vYire djus esa lekt] ,oa ehfM;k dhHkwfedk\

& Hkz"Vkpkj Hkz"V $ vkpj.k ls feydj cuk gSAftldk vFkZ gksrk gSa& iznRr 'kfDr;ksa dk nq:i;ksxdjukA

blds nq"izHkko fuEufyf[kr gSa&

1- lkekftd nq"izHkko

2- jktuSfrd nq"izHkko

3- vkfFkZd nq"izHkko

4- i;kZoj.kh; nq"izHkko

bls vYire djus esa lekt viuh lfØ; HkwfedkfuHkk ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ lekt ds }kjk Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa dklkekftd cfg"dkj rFkk lkekftd fuank djds Hkz"Vkpkjdks vYire fd;k tk ldrk gSaA ogha lwpuk ra= ds:Ik esa Hkz"Vkpkj dks vYire djus ds fy, fuEufyf[krmik; fd, x,&

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journalists who investigate corruption, pressfreedom and media accountability.

As a part of society an individual also play a greatrole in checking corruption.The Right toInformation Act (RTI) gives one all the requiredinformation about the Government, such as whatthe Government is doing with our tax payments.

Unless the people do not come together to opposecorrupt practices across government, public andprivate sector organisations, the present situationwill get perpetuated. This is not an ill that can becured by another institution like Lokpal or bydebates in parliament.

F - Swaraj will not come from a handful ofpeople, but true Swaraj will come only whenthe people of India become aware of theirrights- Gandhi

Swarāj can break in two words which literallymean “self rule” or can mean generally selfgovernance or “selfrule”, and was usedsynonymously with “homerule”.

Swaraj lays stress on governance not by ahierarchical government, but self governancethrough individuals and community building.

Real Swaraj will come not by the acquisition ofauthority by a few, but by the acquisition of thecapacity by all to resist authority when it isabused. In other words, Swaraj is to be attainedby educating the masses to a sense of theircapacity to regulate and control authority.

Gandhi had a different view of Swaraj. To him,selfrule meant not only by Indians but also andmore importantly, a rule by Indians but also andmore importantly, a rule by Indians rooted inIndian Values, and ethos.

Elaborating on the means to attain Swaraj Gandhitells the reader. “I believe that you want himmillion of Indians to be happy, not that you want

1- ukxfjd ?kks"k.kk i=

2- bZ& xouZsal

3- lwpuk dk vf/kdkj 2005

ukxfjd ?kks"k.kk i= izR;sd dk;kZy; dh nhokj ijyxs ,sls i= gksrs gSa ftlesa lacaf/kr vf/kdkjh o mudsdk;ksZ dk mYys[k gksrk gSaA ftlds dkj.k ge fdlhHkh vf/kdkjh dks fdlh dk;Z ds u gksus ij mÙkjnk;hBgjk ldrs gSaA

ogha bZ&xouZsal] ds ek/;e ls ljdkj viuh lHkhuhfr;ksa dks dEI;wVjkbt djds baVjusV ds ek/;e lsrduhdh {ks= ls tqM+s O;fDr;ksa rd vklku igqapcukrk gSa] rFkk lwpuk dk vf/kdkj 2005 izR;sdO;fDr dks ;g

vf/kdkj nsrk gSa fd og fdlh Hkh dk;kZy; ls U;wure'kqYd ij rhl fnuksa ds vUnj lwpuk izkIr dj ldrkgSA lwpuk izkIr u gksus ij n.MkRed izfØ;k dk Hkhizko/kku fd;k x;k gSA

F- Lojkt eqB~BhHkj yksxksa ds lÙkk esa vkus ls ugha cfYdlPpk Lojkt rks rc vk,sxk tc Hkkjr ds yksx viusvf/kdkjksa ds izfr tkx:d gksaxs& xka/kh

& xka¡/kh th ,d jk"Vªoknh fopkjd Fks] ftudk tUe 2vDVwcj] 1869 dks iksjcUnj xqtjkr esa gqvk FkkAvkids }kjk 'kfDr;ksa ds fodsUnzhdj.k o xzke Lojktdks vf/kd egRo fn;k x;kA vkidk ekuuk Fkk fd]'kfDr;ksa dk dsUnzh;dj.k Hkz"Vkpkj rFkk fgalk dkstue nsrk gSa blfy, 'kfDr;ksa dk fodsUnzhdj.k xzkeLojkt ls djuk pkfg,A ogha Lojkt dk liuk ns[krsgq, xka/kh th dk ekuuk Fkk fd Lojkt dqN yksxksa ds}kjk lRrk izkfIr ls ugha vkrk cfYd lPpk Lojkt rksvius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr tkx:d gksus ls vkrk gSAblfy, xka/kh th xzke iapk;r rFkk xzke Lojkt dksvko';d ekurs FksA ftlls fd O;fDr vius vf/kdkjksads izfr tkx:d gksa vkSj jke jkT; ;k vkn'kZ jkT;dh LFkkiuk gks ldsaA

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to the reins of government in your hands. If thatbe so, we have to consider only one thing: howcan the millions obtain selftrue?”

The Swaraj of Gandhi’s dream is the poor man’sSwaraj. The necessaries of life should be enjoyedby you in common with those enjoyed by theprinces and the moneyed men. But that does notmean that they should have palaces like theirs.They are not necessary for happiness.

In context of today Gandhian ideologies shapedthe creation of institutions and practices wherethe voice and perspective of everyone can bearticulated, tested and transformed.

G - Represent the ‘Saptanga Siddhant’?

Kautilya’s Arthashastra is a unique treatise onthe art of statecraft or governance, wherein everysingle aspect of human life is subject to thejurisdiction of the state. His detailed work clearlylaid down an organizational setup, and there wasa clearcut division of ethics and politics.

The Saptanga Theory:

According to Kautilya, a state has seven elementsor constituents, namely,

Swamin— the King

The Swamin refers to the king, regarded as theindispensable, integral and inseparable part ofthe state in ancient India.

Amatya—the Minister -

Amatya or the minister refers to all the officialsinvolved in the functioning of the government.

Janapada—the Land and the People

Janapada implies the land and the people and,according to Kautilya, must be fertile.

Durga—the Fortress-

The term ‘Durga’ in the ancient India means fort,which is considered an extremely importantelement.

Kosha—the Treasury

Kautilya opined that a king must amass wealthto promote the welfare of the people and alsomaintain his army.

Danda—the Army -

G- lIrkax fl)kar dk fu:i.k djksa\

lkizafxd fl)kar &

dkSfVY; us jkT; dh rqyuk ekuo 'kjhj ls dh gSrFkk mlds lvo;o :i dks Lohdkj fd;k gS vkidsvuqlkj jkT; ds lHkh rRo ekuo 'kjhj ds vaxks dsleku vkRefuHkZj rFkk fey&tqydj dk;Z djrs gSAbu lkr vaxks dh O;k[;k fuEu gSA

1- Lokeh@jktk & flj

2- vekR; ¼ea=h@iz'kklu½ & vka[ks

3- tuin@iztk & iSj

4- nqxZ & ckags

5- dks"k & eq[k

6- naM@lsuk & efLr"d

7- fe= & dku

1- jktk %& jktk jkT; ds flj ds leku gksrk gSblfy, jktk dks dqyhu] cqf)eku] lkglh] /kS;Zoku]la;eh] nwjn'khZ rFkk ;q)dyk eas fuiq.k gksuk pkfg,rFkk jktk ds }kjk vuq'kklu o uSfrd ewY;ksa dkikyu djuk vko';d gksrk gSA D;ksafd ;Fkk jktkrFkk iztkA

2- vekR; ¼ea=h@iz'kklfud inkf/kdkjh½ %& vekR;jkT; dh vka[ks gksrh gSA dkSfVY; us vekR; d sfy,vius ns'k ds ukxfjdksa dks gh Lohdkj fd;k gSAukxfjdksa dks gh Lohdkj fd;k gS ftls pfj=oku;ksX; o LokehHkDr gksuk pkfg,A

3- tuin ¼tula[;k ,oa Hkwfe½ %& tuin dks jkT; ds

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Danda referred to the armed forces to protect thestate from aggressions and maintain law andorder within the state.

Mitra—the Allies -

A king must have certain dependable friends whohelp him in all calamities.

This entire setup of the kingdom was describedas Saptanga theory in ancient India.

H - Explain the concept of socialist economy ?

The most important of Lohia ji philosophy isthe principle of economic socialism which isbased on the principle of socialist model orChokhambha state on which he wanted todecentralize power in four pillars, similarly healso want to decentralize economic power.Because he believed that until the initial unit ofthe nation, the village would not be able to fulfillits own requirement. Until then, progress willremain impossible. Therefore, he was a supporterof small and cottage industries at the villagelevel. He believed that the establishment of smalland cottage industries would decentralizeeconomic power, which would result inemployment opportunities and provideemployment to all. He believed that when peoplefulfill their needs at the village level, then theirexploitation will end. And there will improve thestandard of living, which will improve thecondition of the country.

iSj dh laKk nh xbZ gS ftl ij jkT; dk vflrRofVdk gksrk gS iztk dks LokehHkDr] ifjJeh rFkk jkT;dh vkKk dk ikyu djuh okyh gksuh pkfg,A

4- nqxZ %& dkSfVY; us nqxZ dks jkT; dh ckags ekuk gS tksizR;sd fLFkfr eas jkT; dh lqj{kk djrs gS blfy,jktk dks ,sls nqxkZs dk fuekZ.k djuk pkfg,A tks ;q)gsrq ,oa j{kkRed n`f"V ls ykHkdkjh gksA

5- dks"k %& jkT; ds eq[k ds leku gksrk gS blfy, dkss"kdks jkT; dk lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ rRo ekuk x;k gsvkSj foRr dks gh iz'kklu dk ân; ekuk x;k gSA

6- naM ¼lsuk½ %& ;g jkT; dk efLr"d gh 'k=qq rFkkiztk ij fu;a=.k gsrq lsuk vR;f/kd vko';d rRogSaA

7- fe= %& ;g jkT; ds dku ds leku gksrs gS tks 'kkafro ;q)dky eas jkT; dh leLr tkudkjh xqIr lwpuk,arFkk nwljs ns'k dh uhfr;kas ds ckjs esaa jktk dks lwfprdjrs gSA

vr% dkSfVY; ds lIrkax fl)kar dky o ifjfLFkfr dsvuqdwy gS ftleas uSfrdrk ds lkFk&lkFk laadVdkyeas vuqfpr rjhdks dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA blfy,dkSfVY; dk fl)kar ;FkkFkZoknh ekuk tkrk gSA

H- vkfFkZd lektokn dh vo/kkj.kk Li"V djksa\

vkfFkZd lektokn dk fl)kar

yksfg;k th dk lcls egRoiw.kZ ls vkfFkZd lektokndh fl)kar gS tks fd vkius lektoknh ekWMy ;kpkS[kaHkk jkT; ds fl)kar ij gh vk/kkfjr gS ftl ijvki pkj LraHkksa eas 'kfDr dh fodasnzhdj.k djukpkgrs Fks mlh izdkj vki vkfFkZd 'kfDr dk Hkhfodsanzhdj.k djuk pkgrs gSA D;ksafd vkidk ekuukFkk fd tc rd jk"Vª dh izkjafHkd bdkbZ xzke Lo;adh vko';drk dh iwfrZ ugha dj ik,xkA rc rd fdmUufr vlaHko cuh jgsxhA blfy, vki xzkeh.k Lrjij y?kq o dqVhj m|ksxksa ds leFkZd FksA vkidkekuuk Fkk fd y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx ds leFkZd FksAvkidk ekuuk Fkk fd y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksxksa dhLFkkiuk vkfFkZd 'kfDr dk fodasnzhdj.k djsxh ftldsifj.kkeLo:i jkstxkj ds volj mRiUu gksxs vkSjlHkh ij jkstxkj miyC/k gksxhA vkidk ekuuk Fkkfd xzkeh.k Lrj ij tc O;fDr viuh vko';drkvksadh iwfrZ djsaxs rks mudk gks jgk 'kks"k.k dk var gks

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Therefore, his principle of economic socialismdecentralizes the economic power in the nationfrom the rural level to the national level. Whichwill end exploitation and the nation will be in aposition of advancement.

I - What is the meaning of compassion, sympathyand dedication in public service ?

Compassion is a deeper level of empathy,demonstrating an actual desire to help thesuffering person. It is a unique feeling ofsympathy for the suffering of others that involvesemotions and empathy towards others, a senseof understanding, and the drive to protect.

Sympathy is a feeling and expression of concernfor someone, often accompanied by a wish forthem to be happier or better off. In general,sympathy implies a deeper, more personal, levelof concern than pity, a simple expression ofsorrow.

Dedication is the eminence of people to bedevoted or loyal to a duty or purpose, thought oraction. Dedication is vital personality trait of anindividual. In organizational framework, faithfulemployees work towards achieving theorganizational goals.

A public servant must possess all three qualitiesdepending on the situation. Public servants aremeant to serve and this requires developing ahumanistic outlook and to go outofthe way.These qualities ensure that the public servantsact sensitively and interpret the rules so as toadvance public interest. This is all the moreimportant in a country like India where mostcitizens are not aware of their rights andobligations owing to their socioeconomicconditions rather than out of ignorance. In theirabsence, the administ ration will becomemechanistic, rigid and ineffective.

J - Orthodoxy is a barrier to unity. Find ways toreduce it.

In the world, India is known for its diversity inunity. That is, India is the only country wheremany religious people live in coexistence.

tk,xkA vkSj thou Lrj eas lq/kkj vki,xk ftllsns'k dh fLFkfr lq/kjsxhA

vr% vkidk vkfFkZd lektokn dk fl)kar jk"Vª easvkfFkZd 'kfDr dk fodsanzhdj.k xzkeh.k Lrj ls jk"Vªh;Lrj dh vksj djrk gSA tks fd 'kks"k.k dk var djsxhvkSj jk"Vª mUufr dh in ij gksxkA

I- yksd lsok esa d:.kk] lekuqHkqfr rFkk leiZ.k ls D;kvk'k; gSa\

& yksd lsok esa d:.kk] lekuqHkqfr rFkk leiZ.k& yksdiz'kklu ,d ,slh vjktuSfrd O;oLFkk gS tgka ukSdj'kgksads }kjk jkT; ds dk;ksZ dks iwjk fd;k tkrk gSAblfy, yksd iz'kklu esa d:.kk] lekuqHkqfr rFkkleiZ.k dk vR;f/kd egRo gksrk gSA

1- oafpr oxksZ dh lgk;rkA

2- uhfr fuekZ.kA

3- iz'kklu dks tuksUeq[kh cukukA

4- vlDr oxksZ dks vf/kdkj fnykukA

5- HksnHkko dks nwj djukA

7- yksd ra= dh etcwrhA

8- iz'kklu esa u;s fopkjksa dk vkxeuA

9- orZeku dh vko';drkA

10- vkradokn ij fu;a=.kA

11- iz'kklfud dk;ksZ easa rhozrkA

12- y{;ksa dh izkfIr esa fo'oklA

13- ykyQhrk'kkgh ij fojkeA

14- dk;ksZ esa ferO;;hrkA

15- ;ksX; dks mldk vf/kdkj feyukA

vr% d:.kk] lekuqHkqfr ,oa leiZ.k ekuoh; ewY;gSa tks fdlh iz'kkld dks vius drZO; o lekt dsizfr lR;fu"Bk o bZekunkj cukrs gSA

J- :f<+okfnrk ,drk esa ok/kd gSaA bls de djus dsmik; lq>kb;sA

& :f<+okfnrk& fo'o esa Hkkjr ,drk esa vusdrk ds fy,tkuk tkrk gSA vFkkZr~ Hkkjr ,d ek= ,slk ns'k gS tgk¡vusd /kekZs ds yksx lgvfLrRo esa fuokl djrs gSaA

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According to Walter Lipman, orthodoxy refersto the combined form of the mindset, on the basisof which we build a firm image of a religion, acommunity, a custom, and a belief.

Therefore, the development of conservatismwhile being in coexistence of many religions isalways harmful for society. Because, in this, aperson applies his beliefs with a strong mindset,which causes problems like discrimination.Following its development. The reasons are

1. Social reputation.

2. Family reasons.

3. By simulation.

4. By illiteracy.

5. Religious beliefs.

To minimize selfsufficiency, do the following.Measures can be taken

1. By giving importance to modernity.

2. By promoting education.

3. By running conscious campaigns.

4. by the purification movement.

5. By developing scientific approach.

Therefore, through the above measures, aconservative and civilized society can beestablished by reducing conservatism.

K - Mention components and characteristics ofemotional intelligence ?

Emotional intelligence (EQ) is the ability toidentify and manage your emotions, as well asother people’s emotions.

If you’re emotionally intelligent you have theability to:

1. Identify what you’re feeling

2. Know how to interpret your emotions

3. Understand how your emotions can impactothers

4. Regulate your own emotions

okYVj fyiesu ds vuqlkj] :f<+oknh euksofRr ds mlla;qDr :i dks dgrs gSa] ftlds vk/kkj ij ge fdlh/keZ] lEiznk;] jhfr&fjoktksa rFkk ekU;rkvksa ds ckjs esan`<+ izfrek cuk ysrs gSaA

vr% vusd /keksZ ds lgvfLrRo esa jgrs gq,:f<+okfnrk dk fodflr gksuk lekt ds fy, lnSovfgrdkjh gSA D;ksafd] blesa O;fDr n`<+ ekufldrkls viuh ekU;rkvksa dks ykxw djrk gSAftlls fdHksnHkko tSlh leL;kvk,a mRiUu gksrh gSaA bldsfodflr gksus ds fuEu- dkj.k gSa&

1- lkekftd izfr"BkA

2- ikfjokfjd dkj.kA

3- vuqdj.k }kjkA

4- vf'k{kk }kjkA

5- /kkfeZd ekU;rkA

Lf<+okfnrk dks vYire djus gsrq fuEu- mik;fd, tk ldrs gSa&

1- vk/kqfudrk dks egRo nsdjA

2- f'k{kk dk izpkj&izlkj djdsA

3- tkx:d vfHk;ku pykdjA

4- 'kqf) vkanksyu }kjkA

5- oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k dks fodflr djdsA

vr% mijksDr mik;ksa ds ek/;e ls :f<+okfnrkdks de djds ,d f'k"B o lH; lekt dh LFkkiukdh tk ldrh gSA

K- lkaosfxd cqf) ds vo;o lfgr fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k\

& lkaosfxd cqf)& laosxksa ds vk'k; euq"; ds ân; esamBus okys mu Hkkoksa ls gS tks euq"; ds dk;Z O;ogkjizHkkfor djrs gSA rFkk bu laosxks dks igpkudjldkjkRed fn'kk esa izsfjr djus dh {kerk dks ghlkaosfxd cqf) ;k HkkoukRed le> dgk tkrk gSAblds vo;o fuEu- gSa&

1- Lotkx:drkA

2- lkekftd tkx:drkA

3- vkRe izsj.kkA

4- vkRe izca/kuA

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5. Manage other people’s emotions.

The 5 features of emotional intelligence

Daniel Goleman determined that there are fivefundamental features of EQ, each with their ownbenefits:

1. Self-awareness - Selfawareness is the abilityto accurately recognise your: emotions, strengths,limitations, actions and understand how theseaffect others around you.

2. Self-regulation - Selfregulation allows you towisely manage your emotions and impulses youshow or restrain certain emotions depending onwhat is necessary and beneficial for the situation.

3. Empathy - To be empathetic means you are ableto identify and understand others’ emotions i.e.imagining yourself in someone else’s position.

4. Motivation - Being selfmotivated consists of:enjoying what you do, working towardsachieving your goals and not being motivatedby money or status.

5. Social skill - Effective social skills consist ofmanaging relationships in a way that benefits theorganisation.

L - Compare the views of Gandhi and Tagore?

Tagore and Gandhi had great admiration for eachother but at the same time they had manydisagreements on a variety of subjects, includingnationalism, patriotism, the role of rationality andof science, and the nature of economic and socialdevelopment.

Science:

Tagore believed that modern science wasessential to understanding physical phenomena,

Gandhi’s views on epistemology wereinterestingly heterodox. This was clearlyexemplified during Bihar earthquake in 1934.

Nationalism and Patriotism:

Tagore rebelled against the strongly nationalistform that the independence movement oftentook, and this made him refrain from taking aparticularly active part in contemporary politics.

Idolism: Gandhi defended idols, believing themasses incapable of raising themselves

lkaosfxd cqf) ds ek/;e ls ge Lo;a rFkk nwljksa dhHkkoukvksa dks le> ldrs gS] vkSj mUgsa fu;af=r djldrs gSA bldh fo'ks"krk,a fuEu- gSa&

1- lkaosfxd cqf)] cqf) dk gh ,d Hkkx gS] tks Hkkoukvksaij vk/kkfjr gSA

2- lkaosfxd cqf)] cqf) dk vewfrZdj.k Hkkx gS] ftldkiz;ksx fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA

3- lkekU;r% ;g tkuk tkrk gS] fd lkaosfxd cqf) flQZvftZr dh tkrh gS] ysfdu dqN oSKkfud dk ekuukgS fd vuqokaf'kd xq.kksa ds dkj.k lkaosfxd cqf) dkfodkl gksrk gSA

4- lkaosfxd cqf) fodklkRed gksrh gS] vFkkZr mez dslkFk&lkFk lkaosfxd cqf) esa o`f) gksrh gSA

5- lkaosfxd cqf)] O;fDr dks lekt ds fofHkUu vo;oksals izkIr gksrh gS] vFkkZRk~ blds fy, fdlh izf'k{k.k dhvko';rk ugha gksrhA

6- lkaosfxd cqf) dh ek=k vyx&vyx O;fDr;ksa esavyx&vyx gksrh gS] tks lekt esa vR;f/kd xjhcgksrk gS] mlesa lkaosfxd cqf) vf/kd fodflr gksrhgSA

L- xka/kh th o VSxksj th ds fopkjksa dks rqyuk\

& xka/kh o VSxksj nksuksa gh lPps jk"VªHkDr vkSj egkiq:"kFksA vkids fopkj Hkkjr dks lH;rk dh Å¡pkbZ;ksa ijys tkus okys gS ysfdu dgha&dgha vkids fopkjksa esa}Unrk ns[kus dks feyrh gSA ftls ge fuEu- fcUnqvkds }kjk Li"V dj ldrs gSa&

1- xka/kh th jk"Vªokn dks loZizFke j[krs Fks] vkidkekuuk Fkk fd] jk"Vª dk /keZ fuHkkuk vfuok;Z gSA

blds ckn gh euq"; dk vU; dksbZ drZO; gSA ysfduVSxksj th ekuorkokn dks jk"Vªokn rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªopknls Hkh Js"B ekurs FksA vkidk ekuuk Fkk fd euq";igys euq"; ckn esa jk"Vª rFkk vUrjkZ"Vª vkrs gSA

2- xka/kh th ijEijkxr f'k{kk rFkk i)fr dks egRoiw.kZekurs FksA ysfdu VSxksj th dk dFku Fkk fd] f'k{kkorZeku dh vko';drkuqlkj gksuk pkfg, blfy,vki vk/kqfud f'k{kk ij cy nsrs FksA

3- xka/kh th ijEijkxr ;a=ksa] Yk?kq rFkk dqfVj m|ksxksa dkleFkZu djrs FksA ogha VSxksj th ijEijkxr ;a=ks ds

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immediately to abstract ideas. Tagore cannot bearto see the people eternally treated as a child.

Tagore, for example, remained unconvinced ofthe merit of Gandhi’s forceful advocacy thateveryone should spin at home with the chakra’the primitive spinning wheel. For Gandhi, this

practice was an important part of India’s selfrealization.

Personal Life and Social Policy

Tagore and Gandhi’s attitudes towards personallife were also quite different. Gandhi was keenon the virtues of celibacy, theorized about it, and,after some years of conjugal life, made a privatecommitment publicly announced to refrain fromsleeping with his wife. Tagore’s own attitude onthis subject was very different. In fact, when itcame to social policy, he advocated contraceptionand family planning while Gandhi preferredabstinence.

Probably in today’s world, Unlike Gandhiji,Tagore would not resent the development of

modern industries in India, or the accelerationof technical progress, since he did not want

India to be shackled to the turning of ‘the wheelof an antiquated invention. Tagore was concernedthat people not be dominated by machines, buthe was not opposed to making good use ofmodern technology.

M - Desire is grief, is a fear , one who does nothave desire is free from sorrow. - Gautambuddha

The Buddha said that desire is the root cause ofall sorrow. If we really want to be free of misery,sorrow, delusion and disappointment, we mustlearn to overcome desires.

Human needs can be fulfilled but greed can notbe.

Desires are never ending.

According to the Buddha, sorrow and sufferingare caused by attachment, specifically to aparticular outcome or possession. By freeingthemselves of all attachments and cravings,individuals can also free themselves fromsuffering and sorrow.

LFkku ij vk/kqfud ;a=ksa dks egRo nsrs FksA

4- xka/kh th o.kZ rFkk tkfr O;oLFkk dks mfpr ekurs Fksvkidk ekuuk Fkk fd o.kZ O;oLFkk bZ'ojh; O;oLFkkgS] u dh ekuoh;A ysfdu VSxksj th ds fopkjksa tkfrokndk ?kksj fojks/k fd;k x;kA

M- bPN gh nq%[k gSa] Hk; gSa] ftls bPNk ugha og nq%[k lseqDr gSa------ xkSre cq)

& fo'o ds lcls cM+s leUo;dkjh xkSre cq) dk tUe563 bZ-iw- esa yqfEcuh] usiky esa gqvk FkkA vki bllalkj ls o`r gksdj nq%[k o nq%[k ds fuokj.k dh [kkstesa fudy iM+sA

vkidk ekuuk Fkk fd] leLr lalkj nq%[ke; gS] rFkknq%[k dk izeq[k dkj.k bPNk vkSj r`".kk gSA vr% bPNkgh nq%[k ykrh gSa D;ksafd euq"; tc HkkSfrd oLrqvksa dksizkIr djus dh bPNk O;Dr djrk gS rks u izkIr gksusij og nq%[k xzflr gks tkrk gS rFkk izkIr gksus ds ckn[kksus dk Hk; jgrk gSA blfy, bPNk dks gh Hk; dkdkjd ekuk x;k ftlls fd nq%[k mRiUu gksrk gSA

nq%[k dks nwj djus ds fy, vfo|k dks le>uk vko';dgSa tc euq"; eSa vkSj eSa dh Hkkouk ls eqDr gks tkrk

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The point of Buddhism is to reach a place called“Original Mind” or “Nirvana” in which a personhas relinquished all attachment, therebyovercoming delusion and freeing himself fromsuffering and sorrow.

Buddha says that salvation (Nirvana/Satori) is acondition that can be attained by leading abalanced life. And to lead a balanced life, oneneeds to follow the Eightfold path which is a‘gradual path of selfimprovement.’

Buddhism laid emphasis on the law of ‘Karma’by which the present is determined by pastactions.

The teachings of Buddha is not only for the 6thcentury B.C., but it is a timeless (akalika)teaching, surely it can be practised by the wiseduring the 21st century as well and in many morecenturies or millennia to come.

N - Anekantavada in Jainism.

Anekāntavāda (“manysidedness”) refers to theJain doctrine about metaphysical truths thatemerged in ancient India.

Jain philosophy is based on the nature of reality,which is considered through Nonabsolutism orManyfold Aspects (Anekantavada). Accordingto this view, reality possesses infinitecharacteristics, which cannot be perceived orknown at once by any ordinary man. Differentpeople think about different aspects of the samereality and therefore their partial findings arecontradictory to one another. Hence they indulgein debates claiming that each of them wascompletely true. The Jain philosophers thoughtover this conflict and tried to reveal the wholetruth. They established the theory of Nonabsolutistic standpoint (Anekantavada) with itstwo wings, Nayavada and Syadvada. Properunderstanding of the co existence of mutuallyopposing groups through these principles rescuesone from conflicts. Mutual cooperation is theLaw of Nature.

The Jainism believes, unlike Buddhism, that thesubstance is dynamic (Parinami) in character. Itmeans the thing is eternal from real standpointand momentary from practical standpoint.

According to Jainism, no single, specificstatement can describe the nature of existenceand the absolute truth.

gS rks og HkkSfrd oLrqvksa ds okLrfod Lo:i dks Hkhle> tkrk gSA ftlls dh mldh bPNk larq"V gkstkrh gSA vkSj og nq%[k eqDr gks tkrk gSA blfy,dgk x;k fd] ftls bPNk ugha mls nq%[k ughaA

N- tSu n'kZu esa vusdkUr okn\

vusdkarokn dk fl)kar

vusdkarokn 'kCn vu~$,d$var$okn ls feydj cukgSA ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS fdlh oLrq ds var dkstkuus ds fy, ,d n`f"Vdks.k dk [kaMu djuk vFkkZr~tSun'kZu eas vusdkarokn ds fl)kar dks lcls egRoiw.kZvkSj ewyHkwr fl)kar ekuk x;k gS tks fdlh oLrq dslaiw.kZ xq.kksa ls ifjfpr gksus ds fy, ,d fl)kar dk[kaMu djrk gSA blfy, bls fopkjksa dh cgqyrk dkfl)kar dgk tkrk gSA

vusdkarokn dk fl)kar dgrk gS fd fHkUu&fHkUun`f"Vdks.kksa ls fdlh oLrq dks ns[kus ij fHkUUk&fHkUuKku izkIr gksrk gSA vr% ,d gh n`f"Vdks.k ds ns[kusij iw.kZ Kku dSls izkIr gks ldrk gSA

vusdkarokn ds vuqlkj izR;sd oLrq eas vusd fojks/kh;qxy vkSj ,d ckj eas ,d gh xq.k vfHkO;Dr djrs gSvFkkZr~ izR;sd oLrq vuar xq.kksa dk leUo; gS ftlstkuus ds fy, vyx&vyx n`f"Vdks.kksa dks viukukgksrk gSA blfy, tSu n'kZu eas lkru; ;k lIrHkxhfl)kar fn;k x;k gS ftleas fdlh oLrq dks lkrn`f"Vdks.kksa ls ns[kk tkrk gSA vkSj oLrq ds iw.kZ Kkuls ifjfpr gks tkrs gSA

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O - Public administration is an important part forthe transformation of society. Because publicadministration and society arecomplementary.

The legalistic view of Public administration asadvocated by thinkers like Wilson emphasizedthat administrative studies should be concernedwith only the implementation of laws and policy.But this is a very narrow view. Publicadministration encompasses a wide range ofactivities ranging from policy formulation tosocial transformation e.g. BetiBachao BetiPadhao campaign and Polio eradication with theultimate objective of social welfare.

The New Public Administration emphasized onmaking administration value laden, changeoriented, equity oriented and relevant to thepresent needs. Thus making it an instrument forsocial change and emphasizing on administratorsto become flag bearers in the cause of thedeprived sections of the society. With schemeslike Stand Up India, Nayi Manzil and UDAANthe Indian administration is trying to focus onsocial transformation and generating selfconfidence in the deprived sections. Schemeslike SUGAMYA Bharat brings social change.

The ultimate motive of administration is alwayssocial welfare be it with implementation of lawslike the Civil Rights Act or with theimplementation of schemes like MUDRAYojana.

Public administration in India plays a veryimportant role, not only as an instrument ofgovernance but a mechanism for social changeand progress in the country.

O- yksd iz'kklu lekt ds ifjorZu dk egRoiw.kZ vaxgSaA D;ksafd yksd iz'kklu vkSj lekt ,d nwljs dsiwjd gSa Li"V djsaA

& yksd iz'kklu ,d ,slh vjktuSfrd O;oLFkk gS] tgkaukSdj'kkgksa ds }kjk jkT; ds y{;ksa dks izkIr fd;ktkrk gSA bldk dk;Z{ks= lekt gh gS vFkkZr~ yksdlsod ds }kjk lekt o lekt dh O;oLFkk cuk,j[kus gsrq dk;Z fd, tkrs gSA orZeku esa fdlh Hkh ns'kdh lkekftd O;oLFkk dks ns[kdj iz'kklu O;oLFkkdks le>k tk ldrk gSA ;fn lkekftd O;oLFkkmRre gS rks ;g dguk vfr';ksfDr ugha gksxk fdiz'kklu O;oLFkk Hkh

mRre gksxhA vkSj ;fn lkekftd O;oLFkk mRre ughagS rks ;g Hkh fuf'pr gS fd iz'kklu O;oLFkk HkhmRre ugha gksxhA

fdlh Hkh lekt dh fLFkfr ogka fd iz'kklu O;oLFkkij gh fuHkZj djrh gSa D;ksafd iz'kklu ges'kk ,slhuhfr;ksa dks ykxw djrk gS tks lekt dh n`f"V lsmRre gks ftlls dh lekt esa lq/kkj gks ldsaA vkSjiz'kklu lnSo gh iz;kljr jgrk gS fd lekt esaO;Ir :f<+;ksa o udkjkRedrk dks lekIr fd;k tkldsaA blfy, iz'kklu dks lekt dk vfuok;Z vaxekuk x;kA iz'kklu ds fcuk lH; lekt dh LFkkiukvlaHko gSA blfy, lekt vkSj iz'kklu ,d nwljsds iwjd dgykrs gSA

Model Answer Key - Kautilya Academy

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