Mobilizing AR4D partnerships to improve access to critical animal-source foods Tom Randolph GCARD 2 Pre-Conference Meeting Punta de Este, Uruguay, 27 October 2012
Jan 15, 2015
Mobilizing AR4D partnershipsto improve access to critical animal-
source foods
Tom Randolph
GCARD 2 Pre-Conference MeetingPunta de Este, Uruguay, 27 October 2012
The flow
1. How we have framed the context for the Program
2. Our approach: what is different
3. The critical role of development partnerships
4. The development partnership challenge
(and our objective today!)
The challenge
Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture development to benefit the poor?
o Mixed record to date
o Systematic under-investment
o Also related to our research-for-development model?
Focus of new CGIAR Research Program
o Increase productivity of small-scale systems
o ‘by the poor’ poverty reduction
o ‘for the poor’ food security
Correcting perceptions
1. Animal-source foods are a luxury and bad for health, so should not promote
2. Small-scale production and marketing systems are disappearing; sector is quickly industrializing
3. Livestock and aquaculture development will have negative environmental impacts
Our underlying hypothesis
Livestock and Blue Revolutions: accelerating demand in developing countries as urbanization and incomes rise
Industrial systems will provide a large part of the needed increase in supply to cities and the better-off in some places
But the poor will often continue to rely on small-scale production and marketing systems
If able to respond, they could contribute, both increasing supplies and reducing poverty
…and better manage the transition for
many smallholder households
Managing the transition
Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin America (Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :
Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial producers, accumulate capital and transition out of agriculture? deeper rural economic growth avoid social disruption
(Johnston et al. 1995)
1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial farmers
1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to the city
1/3 Could go either way
But productivity gap remains despite investment in livestock development
Biomass is calculated as inventory x average liveweight. Output is given as carcass weight.Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)
Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized Countries
0.060.08
0.03
0.17
0.06
0.11
0.04
0.2
Meat (kg output/kg biomass/yr)
1980 2005
But productivity gap remains despiteinvestment in livestock development (2)
Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)
Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized Countries
4111021
517
4226
3971380
904
6350
Milk (kg/cow/yr)
1980 2005
annual growth rate of aquaculture 2007-2015 needed to satisfy fish demand
source: Cai (2011)
Aquaculture lagging too
A smarter approach?
Drawing from recent experiences, can we accelerate research to impact?
Objective of new CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
Goal
More milk, meat and fish by and for the poor
To sustainably increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems to increase the availability and affordability of animal-source foods for poor consumers and, in doing so, reduce poverty through greater participation by the poor along the whole value chains for animal-source foods.
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
Past research has focused specific aspectsof given value chains, commodities and country.
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country A
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country D
...in Country C
...in Country B
Basic Idea: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Traditional approach was piecemeal
Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms• Technology Generation• Market Innovation• Targeting & Impact
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
R4D integrated to transform selected value chains In targeted commodities and countries.
Value chain development team + research partners
GLOBAL RESEARCH PUBLIC GOODS
INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE OUT REGIONALLY
#1: Addressing the whole value chain
Major intervention with development partners
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
#2+3: Working directly to impact at scale with development partners
#4 Focus, focus, focus! Working in only 9 target value chains
Status
Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centers ILRI WorldFish Center CIAT ICARDA
Officially started January 1st, 2012
Engaging with partners
Consolidating ongoing activities, and developing strategy by component and value chain
Program Management $5.6m
Technology Development
$43.3mValue Chain Development
$20.9m
Targeting, Gender and Im-
pact$13.3m
Institutional Overhead
$16.3m
3-year Budget Envelope by Component
2/3’s funding securedTOTAL Approved = US$99.6m
How we are visioning the evolving roles of development partnershipApproach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain
Rela
tive
degr
ee o
f inv
olve
men
t Research partners
Development partners
AssessmentMobilization
Best bets
ExperimentsEvaluationEvidence
DesignPiloting
LessonsContext
AdvocacyDissemination
Attracting investment
Implementing large-scale
interventions
Knowledge partner
Along the Impact Pathway
Different types of partners will be needed…Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain
Rela
tive
degr
ee o
f inv
olve
men
t Research partners
Development partners
NARS
CGIAR
Private Sector SMSE Commercial
Local NGO/CBOs Community development Livestock/aquaculture Inputs/services
International NGOs
Universities
Producer organizations
ARIs
Media
Consumer lobbies
Different modalities…Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain
Rela
tive
degr
ee o
f inv
olve
men
t
Research partners
Development partners
NARS
CGIAR
Private Sector SMSE Commercial
Local NGO/CBOs Community development Livestock/aquaculture Inputs/services
International NGOs
Universities
Producer organizations
ARIs
Media
Consumer lobbies
• Work as an alliance with common objective
• Establish long-term strategic partnership
The AR4D Partnership Challenge
‘Partnership’ often form of subcontracting
Recent experiences highlight difficulties Different motivations, ways of measuring success Different ways of working: timeliness, definition of
evidence
The AR4D Partnership Challenge Development view of Research partners
Too slow, inefficient Imposes own solution, doesn’t listen Extractive, doesn’t feed back Doesn’t share credit
Research view of Development partners Executes a formula without analysis No rigorous evaluation, so limited ‘learning’ Driven by the anecdotal
Identified as a ‘critical success factor’ to achieve impact in our program
Head of Development Partnership as member of management team
Our objective today
Analyse what makes AR4D partnerships work/fail How do their incentives to partner align/differ? How do their expectations align/differ?
What principles, processes, modalities help create healthy partnership?
Output: a partnership strategy Purpose: create and nurture effective partnership
between research and development actors for an accelerated AR4D process to achieve impact at scale
Strategic objectives: what will success look like? Number of partnerships established meeting
criteria? % of funds mobilized by development partners Development partners sharing in governance?
Critical success factors: Ex. Articulating a common purpose
Actions?
CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org