Mobile Note Taking: Mobile Note Taking: Investigating the Efficacy of Investigating the Efficacy of Mobile Text Entry Mobile Text Entry Dr. Jo Lumsden Dr. Jo Lumsden NRC IIT e NRC IIT e - - Business Business 46 Dineen Drive 46 Dineen Drive Fredericton, N.B., Canada, E3B 9W4 Fredericton, N.B., Canada, E3B 9W4 tel: 506 tel: 506 - - 444 444 - - 0382 0382 e e - - mail: [email protected]mail: [email protected]Andrew Gammell Andrew Gammell Faculty of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick University of New Brunswick Fredericton, N.B., Fredericton, N.B., Canada, E3B 5A3 Canada, E3B 5A3 e e - - mail: [email protected]mail: [email protected]
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Mobile Note Taking: Mobile Note Taking: Investigating the Efficacy of Investigating the Efficacy of
Mobile Text EntryMobile Text Entry
Dr. Jo LumsdenDr. Jo LumsdenNRC IIT eNRC IIT e--BusinessBusiness46 Dineen Drive46 Dineen Drive
introduction...• why has promise & hype of mobile devices surpassed substance?
– predominant perception that devices are hard to use– technology seen to dominate rather than support users
• most UI designs for wearables are based on desktop GUIs but users of wearable/mobile devices …– are in motion– cannot devote all attentional resources to device interaction
• aim: – create an audio-enhanced single-stroke text entry system that
demands as little visual resource as possible– assess the effectiveness of such a system
Mobile HCI 2004 3
a single-stroke text entry system...• support ‘eyes-free’ text entry when mobile
• design:– 3x3 conceptual grid overlaid on 1.3cm x 1.3cm writing pad– stylus used to enter text– character path condensed to ‘bin’ sequence– dynamic audio feedback to guide character entry progress
• 3 experimental conditions:– static, no audio– mobile, no audio– mobile, with audio
• printed training material for each session– 5 minutes to practice, last 3 of which replicated session
condition setting
• experimental task:– enter ten 4-word English language phrases per condition
experimental set-up (2)...
Mobile HCI 2004 9
• 4-word phrase projected on one screen; output projected in real time on other screen (order was random)– no visual representation of output on touch screen
• 20m laps around obstacles for mobile conditions– mobile in fairly realistic but controlled environment
• full range of measures taken during experiment– time to complete tasks– accuracy rates (Unified Error Metric) & awareness of accuracy– subjective workload (TLX + annoyance)– percentage preferred walking speed (PPWS)
experimental set-up (3)...projection
screen
proj
ectio
n sc
reen
Mobile HCI 2004 10
• fully counter-balanced, between-groups study
• 2 main hypotheses:– mobility would have significant detrimental effect on text
input accuracy using single stroke alphabet– text input accuracy would be higher under audio conditions
than non-audio conditions when mobile
• also…– audio conditions would have greater detrimental effect on
participants’ PWS than non-audio condition when mobile– handprint writers would outperform others
experimental design...
Mobile HCI 2004 11
• workload:– mobility significantly increased overall workload– no significant difference in overall workload between audio
and non-audio conditions when mobile– audio feedback significantly reduced participants’
performance rating when mobile (greater awareness of error)
• preference:– bin-based audio condition significantly preferred to non-
audio condition
experimental results (1)...
Mobile HCI 2004 12
• accuracy:– cursive writers made significantly fewer errors than handprint
writers– bin-based audio returned significantly fewer errors than
boundary based audio– no significant difference in accuracy between audio mobile
and non-audio mobile conditions
• awareness of accuracy:– availability of audio feedback significantly increased
awareness of error• under mobile conditions, users entered significantly fewer
characters before realising and correcting error when provided with audio feedback
experimental results (2)...
Mobile HCI 2004 13
• handwriting-based techniques that combine audio and gesture have significant potential to support mobile note taking
• dynamic audio feedback improves awareness of text input accuracy when mobile– the simpler the audio feedback the better
• handwriting style influences accuracy– suggests need for tailorability to style
conclusions...
Mobile HCI 2004 14
visit the demos to try out the two different audio-enhanced systems for yourself!