Mobile Learning: Go for it! [email protected]2 nd Scientix Conference Brussels, 24-26 October 2014 Stavros Nikou, SDA Greece Physics, Computer Science teacher 4 th Lykeio Stavroupolis, Thessaloniki, GR Computer Networks and Telematics Applications Lab University of Macedonia, GR 1
Presentation at the 2nd Scientix Conference, 24-26 October 2014, Brussels, Belgium
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2011 Horizon ReportThe Future of Enterprise Mobile Learning
Infographic
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Digital natives vs digital immigrants
Digital immigrant, is an individual who was born before the existence of digital technology and adopted it to some extent later in life.
“A digital native is a person who was born during or after the general introduction of digital technologies and through interacting with digital technology from an early age, has a greater comfort level using it” [1]
21st century learners are “Digital Natives”
[1] Prensky, "Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants“, 2001
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Why not use mobile technologies for learning?
In class Outside class
(Photo: Michael Schennum, The Arizona Republic) http://www.usatoday.com
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What is mobile learning?
Mobile learning involves the use of mobile technology,
either alone or in combination with other
information and communication technology (ICT),
to enable learning anytime and anywhere (UNESCO)
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Mobile Learning (ML)10
Mobile Learning Practices: inside
class
Provide real time feedback to students through
polling devices
(Kelsey Broadwell/TommieMedia)
Socrative.com
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Mobile Learning Practices: outside
class
Fig. 3 and Fig 5. Yueh-Min Huang, Po-Sheng Chiu, Tzu-Chien Liu, Tzung-Shi Chen, The design
and implementation of a meaningful learning-based evaluation method for ubiquitous learning,
A paradigm shift from the traditional one-size-fits-all
teaching approaches to adaptive and personalized learning
The system fits its behavior to :
the educational needs (such as learning goals and
interests),
personal characteristics (such as learning styles and
different prior knowledge)
particular circumstances (such as the learners’ time and
location as well as movements in the environment)
of the individual learner or a group of interconnected
learners [1][1] Wu, S., Chang, A., Chang, M., Liu, T.-C., & Heh, J.-S. (2008). Identifying Personalized Context-aware Knowledge Structure for Individual User in Ubiquitous Learning Environment.
In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technologies in Education, (WMUTE 2008) (pp. 95-99), Beijing, China.
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Adaptation engine
Input data into the adaptation engine is the learner’s
mobile context
The adaptation engine acquires input data and produces
the adaptation results
Output results of the adaptation engine are the adapted
mobile educational content [1]
[1] Economides, A. A. (2009). Adaptive context-aware pervasive and ubiquitous learning. International
Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 1(3), 169-192
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ML is Context-aware
Definition of Context
“Any information that can be used to characterize the
situation of an entity” [1]
Learning context :
“ the current situation of a person related to a learning
activity” [2]
[1] Dey, A. K. & Abowd, G. D. (2000). Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness.
Workshop on The What, Who, Where, When, Why and How of Context-awareness (CHI 2000). Hague,
In mobile learning, learners are onlysupported by their mobile devices, which they are simply carrying with them [1]
In ubiquitous learning, learners are supported, during their learning process, by computing devices, invisible and embedded in everyday objects
Ubiquitous learning is defined as: “the potential of computer technology to make learning possible at any time and at any place” [2]
[1] Liu, G. Z. & Hwang, G. J. (2009). A key step to understanding paradigm shifts in e-learning: Towards context-aware ubiquitous
learning. British Journal of EducationalTechnology, 40(6).
[2] Hwang, G. J. (2006). Criteria and Strategies of Ubiquitous Learning. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous and Trustworthy Computing, Taichung, Taiwan 5-7 June.
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ML is situated
Learning is not only for classrooms
It is for life
Mobiles is a bridge between formal school settings and outdoors
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ML is authentic
Authentic learning relates to real-world tasks that are of interest to the learners
learning in real life contexts such as museums, field parks, science centers
Mobiles facilitate the authentic learning instructional approach
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ML is Collaborative and Social
CSCL or MSCL: a situation in which two or more people attempt to learn something together with the help of Computers or Mobiles”
Learners can interactively work together and exchange information in a synchronous or asynchronous way
Mobile devices and wireless technology do offer the proper infrastructure for collaborative and social learning Voice communication and
messages exchange
Media sharing (photos, videos, etc)
Email
Social networks
Apps offering common learning spaces (wikis, blogs etc)
www.teachthought.com
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ML supports AR
Augmented Reality, a real-time technology
enabling the overlay of virtual graphics over
the real world, can be a great way for
enhancing learning experiences [1]
[1] E. Klopfer. Augmented learning: Research and design of mobile educational games. 2008
www.lm3labs.com
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ML supports GBL
Game based learning (GBL) is a type of game play that has defined learning outcomes [1]
Gamification takes game elements (such as points, badges, competition, achievements) and applies them to a non-game setting
Examples:
Location based services and social networks, such as foursquare
Enhances self-regulation and control of own learning
Increases student engagement and motivation
Is in line with 21st century
skills (learning, literacy and
life skills)
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M-learning is for teachers
Deliver mobile quizzes and assessments
Deliver surveys for collecting student feedback
Scheduling events in a class calendar
Document sharing available online or downloading for off-line access
Upload multimedia material and use it in class
User and rights management and authentication
Reporting and analytics - measuring and tracking student performance
Easier administration
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ML Challenges
Lack of proper infrastructure e.g. low bandwidth
Battery life
OS platforms
Screen size and resolution
Security, privacy and ethical issues
Migrating existing learning content
Possible student distraction
Student may not afford it
The Guardian
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Educational Mobile apps Ecosystem
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Mobile apps development
Native
apps are
specific to a
given mobile
platform (iOS
or Android)
Native apps
look and
perform the
best.
HTML5 apps use standard web technologies—typically
HTML5, JavaScript and CSS. They are “write-once-run-
anywhere” on multiple devices. Limitations include access
to native device functionality (camera, calendar,
geolocation, etc.)
Hybrid apps make
it possible to embed
HTML5 apps inside
a thin native
container, combining
the best (and worst)
elements of native
and HTML5 apps.
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Mobile learning ecosystems36
Are teachers willing to support mobile learning?
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Survey
106 teachers were asked
to answer a survey about
m-learning.
94% had advanced
computer skills and 87%
considered themselves
advanced mobile phone
users
Only 48% had mobile learning experience
2
6
31
52
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
stronglydisagree
disagree neutral agree stronglyagree
Do you think m-learning will improve your educational
work?
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M-learning in EU
In some schools and in some countries (notably Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Austria, Latvia and Estonia), the majority of students are allowed to bring their own technology into school for learning purposes
Survey of Schools: ICT in Education, February 2013, EUN
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In other countries (e.g. Greece, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Spain, Portugal) are