Mobile computing

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Mobile Computing

Content• Introduction to Mobile Computing• Mobile Communication• Mobile OS• Applications of Mobile Computing• Challenges Faced• Current trends & Future

What is Mobile Computing?

• Computing?– The use or operation of computers

• Mobile?– Able to move or be moved freely or easily

What is Mobile Computing? Contd.

• Mobile Computing is using a computer (of one kind or another) while on the move

What is Mobile Computing? Contd.

• Being able to use a computing device even when being mobile and therefore changing location (Portability is one aspect of mobile computing)

What is Mobile Computing? Contd.

• Mobile computing is the ability to use computing capability without a pre-defined location and/or connection to a network to publish and/or subscribe to information

What is Mobile Computing? Contd.

• Mobile Computing is an umbrella term used to describe technologies that enable people to access network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere

How it all started

• 2400 BC in Babylon – the Abacus• 1936 – Z1 Computer (Konrad Zuse)• 1942 – ABC Computer• 1968 – HP 9100A• 1974 – Xerox Alto• 1975 – Altair 8800• 1975 – IBM 5100

Where does Mobile Computing come in?

• The concept came around 1990s• Can be divided into a number of eras:

– Portability– Miniaturization– Connectivity– Convergence– Divergence– Apps– Digital Ecosystem

1971 - Busicom LE-120A 'Handy-LE' Calculator

1981 – Osborne 1 Portable Computer

1982 - Grid Compass 1100 Clamshell Laptop

1983 - DynaTAC 8000x

1999 - Apple iBook G3 Wi-Fi-Enabled Laptop

2002 - Acer TravelMate TM-100 Laptop/Tablet Hybrid

2007 - Apple iPhone

Why go Mobile?

• No location barriers

• Increase in productivity

• Cloud computing

• Future prospects

Mobile Communications

What is Mobile Communication?

• Communication network that does not involve a wire connection between two entities

Three Types

Communication Methods

Cellular Data

ServicesWireless

Satellites

Cellular Data Services

1G •First Generation Networks

2G •Second Generation Networks

3G •Third Generation Networks

First Generation Networks

Used Analog Signals

Called “Brick Phones” and

“Bag Phones”

They were first

introduced for cellular

industry

Second Generation Networks

• First digital cellular network• Improved sound quality• Better security

There are three common technologies used

CDMA

FDMA

TDMA

Frequency division multiple access(FDMA)

Time division multiple access (TDMA)

Code division multiple access (CDMA)

GSM Network?

• Global System for Mobile communication

• Standard set developed by “European Telecommunications Standards Institute”(ETSI)

Third Generation Networks

• High-speed transmission• Advanced multimedia access• Global roaming

How is 3G Better?

• Several times higher data speed; • Enhanced audio and video streaming; • Video-conferencing support; • Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds; • IPTV (TV through the Internet) support.

3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G and previous networks:

Wireless Technology

• the transfer of information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor.

• Wi-Fi is a very common wireless technology that was developed in the 1990s

technically referred to as the 802.11 protocol

Beyond 3G NetworksConclusion

Fourth generation of mobile wireless services

Applications of Mobile Computing

APPLICATIONS OF MOBILE COMPUTING

Applications

Emergency services

In companies

In courts

Credit card verification

Stock Information Control

For Estate Agents

Taxi/Truck Dispatch

Electronic Mail/Paging

Vehicles

Mobile Banking

Emergency services

CDPD (cellular digital packet data)

Police Incident Information Screen

In companies

Credit card verification

For Legal Purposes

(In courts)

Stock InformationCollation/Control

For Estate Agents

Taxi/Truck Dispatch

Travelling Salesmen

Web Access

• Outdoor internet access

Vehicles

Location Aware Services

Entertainment

Mobile Banking and Financial Services

Electronic Mail /Paging

Challenges faced in mobile Computing

Challenges faced

1. Security & Privacy risks2. Unreliable & Unpredictable wireless links3. Mobility4. Limited Resources5. Potential Health Hazards6. Transmission interference

1. Privacy and Security risks

Authentication Encryption User anonymity

Instead of the actual directory telephone number, the international mobile subscriber identity number is used within the network to uniquely identify a mobile subscriber.

Threats Wi-Fi networks are a shared network that makes it easier for others to

eavesdrop on your communication• Devices are stolen and tampered• Cryptography• Connection

Solutions…

• Secure web browsingUse secure encrypted sessions.

• Secure Internet TransactionsUse UCI’ s VPN to encrypt your network traffic.

• Always use a personal firewallSet the firewall to deny ALL incoming connections.

2. Unreliable & unpredictable wireless links

• Wireless links are not reliable.• They may vary over time and space.

3. Mobility

• This causes poor quality wireless links• And also causes intermittent connection

– Under intermittent connected networks, traditional routing, TCP, Application break.

• This changes context

4. Limited Resources

• Insufficient Bandwidth• High bandwidth variability• Low bandwidth

• Limited battery power Mobile computers must rely entirely on battery power. Combined

with compact size, this means unusually expensive batteries be used.

• Limited processing, display & storage

5. Potential health hazards• Potential health damages from cellular radio frequencies is not known

yet. However, more car accidents are related drivers who use mobile devices like mobile phones….etc.

6. Human interface with device• As screens are often too small. Keyboards are impractical especially one-

handed & alternate methods such as speech or handwriting recognition require training.

Conclusion

• Mobile Computing has severe limitations & it’s far from impossible & technology improves all the time……

• Lots of challenges……• Some have (good) solutions and many others are still

waiting to be solved.

Future of mobile computing

Artificial Inteligence

Integrated Circuitry

Increase in the processing speed

Smart phones

Google glasses

Netbooks Vs Notebooks

What do they have to say about future of mobile computing?

Micheal Dell(Chairman and CEO in Dell Inc)I think if you look at the small mobile devices that we have today, whether we hold them in our hand or otherwise, they are in fact personal computers. We don't think of them as personal computers. We

think of them as smartphones

Richard Edelman(President and CEO in Edelman) I am fascinated by the “always-on” kids, the

presence of tabletsLee Rainie(Director Pew Research center’s Internet

and American life project) So it's giving more power to people to be their

own economic agents. It's also obviously extending their voices