Mobile Broadband: Spectrum Needs and Harmonization Veena Rawat VP, Ambassador to the ITU Research In Motion.

Mobile Broadband:Spectrum Needs and Harmonization

Veena Rawat

VP, Ambassador to the ITU

Research In Motion

Private and public partnership for mobile broadband access

• Radio frequency spectrum is an essential resource for wireless access networks

• Developing national mobile broadband capabilities is an area of high priority for many administrations

– Assign spectrum for the greatest national benefit– A key policy element is to provide access to broadband networks in

rural and remote areas• Mobile broadband can provide wireless access for rural and

remote areas– New mobile broadband technologies, such as LTE, can provide

traditional ‘fixed’ access and as well as new mobile applications in rural and remote areas

• Spectrum harmonization (local, regional and globally) is the key component for mobile broadband networks to achieve benefits of economies of scale and increase spectrum efficiency

Mobile broadband technology for high capacity and large coverage

• Technology is ready for flexible and large spectrum use– LTE-Advanced can support up to 100 MHz aggregated spectrum for high data

rate and high user capacity– Contiguous spectrum is preferred to take advantage of this technology

Peak data rate for LTE-Advanced system (FDD)(based on spectral efficiency as submitted to ITU-R from 3GPP)

Spatial multiplexing

Spectral efficiency (bit/s/Hz)

Bandwidth

5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz

Downlink4 layer 16.3 80 Mbps 163 Mbps 326 Mbps 652 Mbps 1.2 Gbps

8 layer 30.6 151 Mbps 306 Mpbs 612 Mbps 1.2 Gbps 2.4 Gbps

Uplink2 layer 8.4 42 Mbps 84 Mbps 168 Mbps 336 Mbps 672 Mbps

4 layer 16.8 84 Mbps 168 Mbpz 336 Mbps 672 Mbps 1.3Gbps

• Large spectrum bandwidth is also a tool to extend cell coverage – advantage for rural– For the same data rate, link budget is improved by transmitting on larger bandwidth with

more power efficient modulation/coding scheme, e.g. QPSK and/or lower code rate.• The challenge is the implementation of multiple spectrum bands, especially in the user

equipment– Multiple bands and carrier aggregation increase the complexity of RF front-end– Contiguous spectrum is preferred

Note 2: 3GPP Rel-10/11 specifications(LTE-Advanced), operation band can be up 5x20MHz total spectrum by aggregating 5 carriers, each of which can be up to 20 MHz bandwidth

Implementation complexity of handset/smartphone

• Support legacy cellular bands

– GSM/PCS/AWS/CDMA

• More than 30 band classes defined for LTE

– With Intra-band or inter-band carrier aggregation

• Co-exist with other radio bands

– WiFi/Bluetooth/GPS/NFC

• Spectrum harmonization required to reduce device implementation complexity

E-UTRA(LTE) operating bands

Technologies and Bands

• Mobile phones are required to support a wide range of wireless technologies• Users prefer a single device for access to all services

• In most devices, diversity antennas are a minimum and five or more antenna sets are generally needed in a smart phone.

NFC BT

WLAN/WiMax

GPS

Diversity

GSMUMTSEDGE

WCDMACDMAEVDOLTE

GSMUMTSEDGE

WCDMACDMAEVDO

Diversity Diversity

700 800 950 1575 1700 1900 2400 5800 (MHz)13.56

Antenna Placement in the Handset

WiFI

Main

Bluetooth &GPS

4G Diversity

Where to put multiple antennas?• Distance between PCB/bracket and antenna should be >3mm (BT, GPS, WiFi and WiMax); for low bands it should be even higher. • Space under antenna element should be clear of any shields, flexes, or components• Large batteries limit the space allocated for the antennas.• Components (such as shield cans, speaker, camera) may be directly behind the antennas.• Smart phone also includes NFC

Challenges

Spectrum Harmonization for mobile broadband

• For the near term, the following spectrum is under consideration for mobile broadband and must be harmonized:

– Digital Dividend 600/700/800 MHz– Remaining part of 1710 – 2200 MHz– 2500 – 2690 MHz

Digital Dividend in Region 2

RR(WRC-12)Region 2 (MHz)

Countries in Region 2 support MOBILE as primary service

RR(WRC-12)Region 3 (MHz)

470-512BROADCASTINGFixedMobile5.292 5.293

5.292 5.293Argentina, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela

470-585FIXEDMOBILEBROADCASTING5.291 5.298

512-608BROADCASTING5.297

5.297Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, the United States, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica and Mexico

585-610FIXEDMOBILEBROADCASTINGRADIONAVIGATION5.149 5.305 5.306 5.307

608-614 RADIO ASTRONOMY Mobile-satellite except aeronautical mobile-satellite(Earth-to-space)

610-890FIXEDMOBILE 5.313A MOD 5.317ABROADCASTING

614-698 BROADCASTING Fixed Mobile 5.293 5.309 5.311A

5.293Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru

698-806 MOBILE 5.313B MOD 5.317A BROADCASTING Fixed

5.293 5.309 5.311A

5.313BMobile is secondary in Brazil

1710 – 2200 MHz

1980

2025

2110

2155

MOBILEMSS

2000

2180

MSS

2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile

1850

1710

1930

FIXED / MOBILE FIXED/MOBILEMSS

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

R2

Canadian Frequency Allocation: C37 (CAN-06) The designation of the bands 1755-1 780 MHz, 2 020-2 025 MHz and 2 155-2 180 MHz for Advanced Wireless Services may be the subject of a future public consultation.

AWS PCS PCSLE-PCS

1710

1755

1850

1910

1930

2200

MSS

2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile

1990

2025

2110

2155

AWS MSS

2000

MOBILE

MO

BIL

E

MO

BIL

E

2180CanadianMSS

2500-2690 MHz

2500

LTE band 7FDD - UL

LTE band 38TDD

LTE band 7FDD - DL

2570 2620 2690

ITU options for Band Plan

3GPP/LTE Band Plan

Harmonization and WRC-15

• WRC-15 provides the next opportunity for harmonization at regional and global level

– Agenda Item 1.1 to consider additional spectrum allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis and identification of additional frequency bands for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) and related regulatory provisions, to facilitate the development of terrestrial mobile broadband applications, in accordance with Resolution COM6/8 (WRC-12);

– Agenda Item 1.2 to examine the results of ITU-R studies, in accordance with Resolution COM5/10(WRC-12), on the use of the frequency band 694-790 MHz by the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service in Region 1 and take the appropriate measures;

Summary

• Mobile broadband enabled by the current technology and has the advantage and flexibility to provide services and applications to wide range of regions, including rural and remote areas

• Spectrum harmonization is the necessity for mobile broadband • Mobile broadband access prefers contiguous spectrum

• Preparation for WRC-15 provides is opportunity to align harmonization and additional spectrum for mobile broadband

Backup

Digital Dividend in Region 2

Region 2 (MHz) 5.292 Different category of service:  in Mexico, the allocation of the band 470‑512 MHz to the fixed and mobile services, and in Argentina, Uruguay and Venezuela to the mobile service, is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.    (WRC‑07)  MOD5.293 Different category of service:  in Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Peru, the allocation of the bands 470-512 MHz and 614-806 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In Canada, Chile, Cuba, the United States, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Peru, the allocation of the bands 470-512 MHz and 614-698 MHz to the mobile service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In Argentina and Ecuador, the allocation of the band 470-512 MHz to the fixed and mobile services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.     (WRC‑12) 5.297  Additional allocation:  in Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, the United States, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica and Mexico, the band 512-608 MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.     (WRC‑07) 5.309  Different category of service:  in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Honduras, the allocation of the band 614-806 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. 5.313B Different category of service:  in Brazil, the allocation of the band 698-806 MHz to the mobile service is on a secondary basis (see No. 5.32).     (WRC‑07)

MOD5.317A Those parts of the band 698-960 MHz in Region 2 and the band 790-960 MHz in Regions 1 and 3 which are allocated to the mobile service on a primary basis are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) – see Resolutions 224 (Rev.WRC‑12) and 749 (Rev.WRC‑12), as appropriate. This identification does not preclude the use of these bands by any application of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.     (WRC‑12)

APT band plan

1710-2200

C37 (CAN-06) The designation of the bands 1 755-1 780 MHz, 2 020-2 025 MHz and 2 155-2 180 MHz for Advanced Wireless Services may be the subject of a future public consultation.

1710

1755

1850

1915

1930

1995

2025

2110

2200

2155

1755 1850

AWS -1AWS -1 PCS PCS AWS-4 AWS-4

2000

UP

CS

AWS-3

AW

S-2

AW

S-2

AW

S-2

AW

S-2

2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile

Under review(NTIA/FCC) for mobile broadband

2180US

16

AWS PCS PCSLE-PCS

1710

1755

1850

1910

1930

2200

MSS

2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile1990

2025

2110

2155

AWS MSS2000

MOBILE

MO

BIL

E

MO

BIL

E

2180CanadianMSS

1980

2025

2110

2155

MOBILEMSS

2000

2180

MSS

2025 – 2110 MHz EESS/SPACE/FIXED/mobile

1850

1710

1930

FIXED/ MOBILE FIXED/MOBILEMSS

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

R2

Notes:• The spectrum for further authorization can be assigned as PCS/AWS extension • Band plans for these spectrum should maintain the existing technical condition and minimize

the implementation complexity of handset • Mexico AWS: 1710-1770MHz/2110-2170MHz(60+60 MHz)• Peru AWS: 1710-1770MHz/2110-2170MHz(60+60 MHz)

2500-2690 MHz

2500-2690 MHz

18

Canadian Band plan

ECC Band plan

US Band plan

Where to put the antennas and radios?

back

Space for batterySIM connector

Antenna connectors

e.g. Smart Phone c. 2008

Note: individual antennas

may support multiple service bands