Mobile Accessibility Landscape Jonathan Avila. About SSB BART Group Unmatched Experience Accessibility Focus Implementation-Oriented Solutions Solutions.

Mobile Accessibility

Landscape

Jonathan Avila

About SSB BART Group

• Unmatched Experience• Accessibility Focus• Implementation-Oriented

Solutions• Solutions That Reduce Legal

Risk• Organizational Stability and

Continuity• Knowledge That Is Up-to-Date,

All the Time• Published and Peer Review

Auditing Methodology

• Fourteen hundred organizations (1445)

• Fifteen hundred individual accessibility best practices (1595)

• Twenty-two core technology platforms (22)

• Fifty-five thousand audits (55,930)

• One hundred fifty million accessibility violations (152,351,725)

• Three hundred sixty-six thousand human validated accessibility violations (366,096)

Agenda

• Current Landscape• Standards and Laws• User Demographics• Benefits and Challenges• iOS based products• Android®• Windows Phone®/Windows 8• Blackberry®• Strategies For Accessible Apps• User Impact• App Development• Resources

Current Landscape

Platforms

• Smartphones and Tablets• Platforms

– iOS– Android– Windows– Blackberry

Laws and Standards

Overview

• CVAA– ACS– Video programming

• Section 255• Section 508• 47 CFR 20.19

– HAC mobile handsets• WCAG 2 Level A and AA• Mandate M376• ADA

User Demographics

WebAIM Survey #5 for Screen Reader Accessibility

iOS •Very popular for blind and visually impaired users •Percentage of users with disabilities greater than general population

Android•Percentage of blind/visually impaired users less than general population – but growing

Symbian/Nokia•Percent of users with disabilities dropping

Windows Phone/Blackberry •< 1% total users

User Impact

Overview

Blind•Keyboard/accessible touchscreen•Name, role, state, and properties•Dynamically updating content

Low vision•Visual focus, size of content•Color and contrast•Complexity of layout/size of content

Motor Impairment•Touch-screen/D-pad access, visual focus•Alternative input, one handed operation

User Impact

Overview (cont.)

Reading Disabilities•Complexity/distractions of page•Consistent use of icons and text•Spacing, color and size of elements •Dynamically updating content

Photosensitive Epilepsy•Blinking and moving content

Deaf/Hard of Hearing •Use of multimedia and audio content•Auditory feedback (sound notifications)

Smart Phones and Tablets

Apps That Benefit Users with Disabilities

• Light detector• Color identifier• Money identifier• Barcode reader• Video magnifier• Flashlight• OCR• Daisy book reader• GPS• Point of sale services

• Voice memos• Grocery finder• Switch enabled apps• Mobile learning• Control of video

programming • TTY• Text relay• Video relay/chat• FCC Clearinghouse


• A compelling platform for many assistive technologies

• Sample Capabilities– Visual capture

– Image recognition and processing

– Location based services

– Integrated, adaptive communications

– Plain language control (Siri, GoogleNow Cortana)

– Processing power to spare

The future of assistive technologies?

OG reading machine

New school reading machine


Challenges

• Hearing aid incompatibility• Apps that do not follow accessibility API

– No app store rating for accessibility– Third party sites rank accessible apps

• Touchscreens without alternatives• Inaccessible browsers• Missing assistive technologies or features• Difficulty upgrading• Inconsistencies between manufacturers

iPhone and iOS

Assistive Technology and Features

• Includes all iPads, iPhone 3gs+, iPod Touch 4th+

• Many of the same ATs found in Mac OS– VoiceOver (VO)

• Alternative touch screen access• Speech output with audio cues• Refreshable Braille support

– Zoom• Magnifies entire screen w/ panning

– Assistive Touch• Allows single touch access to gestures

iPhone and iOS

Assistive Technology and Features (cont.)

• Switch Control– Single touch switch access

to actionable controls• Captions• TTY support• Custom vibrations• Mono audio• Visual alerts

iPhone and iOS


• Invert Colors– Changes dark colors to

light and light colors to dark• Large text• Bold text• Increased contrast• Reduce motion• Guided Access

– Aid to restrict access to app orregion within an app

iPhone and iOS

Input Methods

• Capacitive Touch Screen– Styli designed for touch screen– Alternative gestures with VO– Assistive touch

• Alternative Methods– Bluetooth keyboards

• Limited external keyboard access without VO– Bluetooth Braille display entry– Speech recognition

• Siri & third party apps for dictation– Accessible on-screen keyboard

• No system-wide custom keyboard

iPhone and iOS

Assistive Technology Versions

• When OS is upgraded AT upgrades• To upgrade AT must upgrade OS• Activate/deactivate via phone or iTunes• Access to standard phone features• Access to third party and built-in apps• Many accessible third party apps

Android


• Open source platform initially developed by Google• Assistive Technology such as Talkback included in Android

4.3 OS (Current version 4.4)– Support varies in prior versions

• Talkback screen reader– Explore by touch support in Android 4.1+– Supports on-screen keyboard– Speech output with audio cues– Braille displays supported– Latest version required for many features

Android


• Screen magnifier available in 4.2+• Captions supported by media player API• Other third party screen readers

available• Custom on-screen system-wide

keyboards available• Some manufacturers

– Hearing aid compatible

– Mono audio

– Inverse colors

– TTY

Android

• Phone with keyboard, and/or• Directional pad (D-pad), or • Touchscreen only devices

– May by resistance or capacitance screens

• Dictation and Speech Control

– GoogleNow

– Google Voice cloud based services

– Third party applications from Nuance

Input Types

Android

Assistive Technology Versions

• Can upgrade OS and AT separately• AT support is limited on older versions of OS• OS upgrades not available for many devices• Access to standard phone features• Access to third party and built-in apps• Many accessible third party apps• Third party assistive technology

Windows Phone

Overview

• Replaces Windows Mobile• No accessibility layer in Windows Phone 8 OS

– No built-in screen reader• Bundled with alternative apps (Code Factory)• Support magnification; large text; high contrast• Feature like talking caller id, speak SMS• Windows 8 tablets (e.g. Microsoft Surface)

– Narrator supports touchscreen and IE 10– Touchscreen magnification feature– Built-in apps are directly accessible– Support high contrast theme in Windows 8

Blackberry

Version 10.2•System touch screen reader on Z30

Version 10 - Z10 and Q10•No screen reader or accessibility API

Version < 10•Accessibility API in version 4.6 and above

•Older Screen reader available

All versions•Color inversion and gray scale color mode

•Text enlargement/magnification

•One-handed operation including sticky keys


Blackberry


• Hearing aid compatibility• Visual, audible, and vibration

notifications• Closed captioning support for

multimedia• Support for connection to a TTY device• Browser Zoom• Voice dialing• Video Chat• Some models

– Tactilely discernible keyboard

Strategies for Accessible Apps

Recommendations

Mobile Apps•Focus on iOS and Android •WCAG 2 Level A and AA and Section 508

Web Apps•HTML 5 and ARIA based •WCAG 2 Level A and AA•Responsive design and progressive enhancement

Embedded Web Apps (WebView)•Supported with Talkback (issues with some pages)•Supported with iOS


Recommendations (cont.)

PhoneGap (uses web view)•Supported in iOS•Support for Android*PDF and Word Documents •Most apps only render text•No heading, table or alt text indication•Adobe Reader follows Order paneleBook Readers•EPUB 3 standard Rapid Development and eLearning Tools•AIR apps do not expose accessibility


Recommendations (cont.)

Normative Testing•Accessibility Inspector (iOS)•Lint (Android)•Safari developer tools•Adobe Edge Inspect (DOM)•Screenshot testing for contrast

Functional/Use Case Testing•End users with disabilities•Core tasks of the app•Different end user personas

App Development

Overview

iOS•Cocoa Touch UI/Objective-C/Xcode

•Accessibility Inspector

•Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines

•Set label, traits, hint, frame and value

•Notifications

Android OS•Keyboard accessible UI elements

•contentDescription, hint, labelFor, states

•Accessibility events for custom view components

•Use Lint for Accessibility Checking

Resources

• iOS Accessibility Best Practices https://www.webaccessibility.com/best_practices.php?technology_platform_id=222

• Android Accessibility Best Practices https://www.webaccessibility.com/best_practices.php?technology_platform_id=286

• Designing for Accessibility (Android) http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/design/accessibility.html

• iOS Accessibility http://developer.apple.com/technologies/ios/accessibility.html

• Blackberry Accessibility Overview http://us.blackberry.com/support/devices/blackberry_accessibility/

Resources

• Accessibility Management Platform (AMP) http://amp.ssbbartgroup.com

• iOS app accessibility rating http://applevis.com/• Accessible Android app lists http://androidaccess.net/• BBC Mobile Accessibility Standards and Guidelines

http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/accessibility/mobile_access.shtml

• Bridging Apps connects children with disabilities with appropriate apps http://bridgingapps.org/

• WebAIM Survey for Screen reader accessibility http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey5/

Questions?

Thank You

Contact Us

Jonathan AvilaChief Accessibility Officer

[email protected]

SSB Contact [email protected]

(800) 889-9659

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Twitter@SSBBARTGroup

LinkedInwww.linkedin.com/company/ssb-bart-group

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Blogwww.ssbbartgroup.com/blog

Mobile Accessibility Landscape Jonathan Avila. About SSB BART Group Unmatched Experience Accessibility Focus Implementation-Oriented Solutions Solutions.

Documents

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android assistive technology

single touch access

touch support

google assistive technology

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tablets apps