MM..AA.. II NN L CCOONNFFLIICCTT AANAALLYYSSIISS … · The Course is an MA Program with a Semester System. The MA course comprises of The MA course comprises of altogether sixteen

MM..AA.. IINN CCOONNFFLLIICCTT AANNAALLYYSSIISS AANNDD

PPEEAACCEE BBUUIILLDDIINNGG ((IIIIIIRRDD SSEEMMEESSTTEERR))

SSYYLLLLAABBUUSS

((22001111--22001122))

Nelson Mandela Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution

Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi - 1100 25

1

MMAASSTTEERRSS IINN CCOONNFFLLIICCTT AANNAALLYYSSIISS AANNDD PPEEAACCEE--BBUUIILLDDIINNGG

From 2007, the Centre has introduced a two-year Master of Arts (MA) in Conflict Analysis and Peace-Building. The MA in Conflict Analysis and Peace-Building is a comprehensive course focusing on the policies, practices and tools required to contain, manage or resolve contemporary conflicts and prevent them from recurring. Core aims of the Course are to quip students with the analytical and field skills to engage in peacemaking and peace-building on the ground, both at home and abroad; and to bring Indian traditions of conflict resolution into the mainstream of conflict analysis and peace studies. Objectives of the Course:

To develop analytical methods that take into account the type of conflict, capabilities in the region, and the potential for escalation or resolution;

To provide a thorough grounding in the areas, institutions and processes of peacemaking, collective security and peace-building today;

To equip students with tools for solving conflicts, from conflict prevention and peace settlements to conflict transformation and post-conflict reconstruction.

Duration: Two Years (Intensive full-time) Nature of the Course and Examination System: The Course is an MA Program with a Semester System. The MA course comprises of altogether sixteen papers spread over four semesters [four papers in each semester]. M.A. (Previous) – Papers Semester I: Compulsory Papers: Paper 101 Conflict Analysis Paper 102 State, Citizenship and Governance Paper 103 Development and Security Paper 104 Multilateral Institutions and Conflict Resolution Semester II: Compulsory Papers: Paper 105 Research Methodology and Field Work Paper 106 Issues of Conflict and Peace in South Asia Paper 107 Peacemaking Paper 108 Colonialism, Modernity and Social Movements

2

M.A. (Final) – Papers Semester III: Compulsory Papers: Paper 109 Methodological Issues in Conflict Studies Paper 110 Peace-Building Paper 111 Indian Strategic Thought Optional Papers: Paper 112 Religion, Violence and Peace Paper 113 International Humanitarian Law Semester IV: Optional Papers: Paper 114 World Order in the 21st Century Paper 115 Media, Conflict and Peace Paper 116 South Asia: Selected Case Studies Paper 117 Humanitarian Protection Paper 119 Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Minority Rights Paper 120 Gender and Conflict Paper 121 M.A. Thesis RULES FOR ATTENDANCE, EVALUATION AND CONDUCT OF M.A. STUDENTS

Attendance:

Attendance in all the activities pertaining to the Masters course is compulsory including M.A. Thesis. Students will be required to attend at least 75 percent of the lectures, tutorials and other sessions to be eligible to appear for the examination. Evaluation:

Students in the M.A. course will be evaluated through internal assessment and end semester exams. The end semester exam in each paper will be of 75 marks. The internal assessment in each paper will be of 25 marks [this will comprise of a mid-semester exam of 10 marks, term paper for 10 marks and presentation/viva-voce for 5 marks].

As per the Jamia Millia Islamia’s Ordinance XV Para 14 Annexure XV – B, a candidate is required to secure 40 per cent marks in aggregate of Theory and Internal Assessment of each paper to pass the M.A.

M.A. Thesis is to be treated as a paper. All rules and regulations that apply to the M.A. papers will also be applicable to the M.A. Thesis. Students who fail in the M.A. Thesis will have to re-write and submit it in the following session.

Students must submit the hard as well as soft copy of all assignments to the office by the given deadline. Late submission will lead to deduction in marks.

3

The Centre considers plagiarism a major violation of academic ethics. Students will be considered to have plagiarized if they write from sources without correct use of references or if they cut and paste from the internet without acknowledging the sources. Plagiarism in assignments and dissertation will attract penalty. Plagiarized work will not be accepted and no second chance of submission will be given. Conduct: Students who come late to class will be marked absent. Mobile phones must be switched off before entering the class and the library. Going out of the class to receive calls is not allowed. Students must maintain silence in the library. Bags must be left on the shelf allotted for the same, before making use of the

library. Students who do not adhere to this rule will be fined Rs. 100/-. Library books must be returned on time and in proper condition (students are

advised to check books inside out before issuing them). Non-compliance will lead to penalty.

Books can be issued from and returned to the library between 10:00 am – 1:00 pm and 2:00 – 5:00 pm from Monday to Thursday and between 10:00 am – 12:00 noon and 2:30 pm – 5:00 pm on Fridays.

Award of Grades Letter Grades and Grade Points

Students will be awarded letter grades on 10-Points Scale for each course on the basis of their performance in that course. The procedure for award of grades is as follows:

All evaluations will be done in marks.

The marks obtained by a student in the End Semester Examination and Internal Assessment in a theory/ laboratory course/ Field work/ Industrial Training/ Teaching Practice/ Project, as the case may be, will be added together. These combined marks would be converted to a 100-Point Scale. The rounding off (if required) will be done to the nearest integer.

Letter grades will now be awarded for each course as per the following table:

Grade Range of Marks (M)# Grade Point (G) A+ M ≥ 90 10 A 80 ≤ M < 90 9 B+ 70 ≤ M < 80 8 B 60 ≤ M < 70 7 C+ 50 ≤ M < 60 6 C 40 ≤ M < 50 5 F M < 40 0

# M: marks obtained by a student on the 100-point scale

4

Division Division will be awarded in the following manner [with maximum Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 10 as base] CGPA ≥ 8.5 I Division with Distinction

6.5 ≤ CGPA < 8.5 I Division

5.5 ≤ CGPA < 6.5 II Division

5.0 ≤ CGPA < 5.5 Pass without Division

5

PPAAPPEERR -- 110099:: MMEETTHHOODDOOLLOOGGIICCAALL IISSSSUUEESS IINN CCOONNFFLLIICCTT SSTTUUDDIIEESS The paper applies research methodology concepts, methods and tools to issues of conflict and peace-building initiatives. It looks at the following in detail: frameworks for conflict analysis, issues in conflict management, auditing and coordinating of peace processes, measuring needs and raising funds for reconstruction, and evaluating programmes. I. Conflict Analysis: Applying World Bank Framework, Doing Early Warning

1. “Conflict Analysis Framework”, Social Development Department, Conflict Prevention and

Reconstruction Unit, World Bank 2. ShonaliSardesai and Per Wam, “The Conflict Analysis Framework (CAF): Identifying Conflict-

related Obstacles to Development”, Dissemination Notes, Social Development Department, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Unit, World Bank, October 2002, Number 5

3. Alexander Austin, “Early Warning and the Field: A Cargo Cult Science?”, Berghof Handbook, Berghof Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management, www.berghof-handbook.net

4. Anna Matveeva, “Early Warning and Early Response: Conceptual and Empirical Dilemmas”, Issue Paper 1, Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict, European Centre for Conflict Prevention, Amsterdam, 2006

II. Conflict Management: Planning Humanitarian Aid & Organizing Civilian

Protection

1. Guidance Note on Using the Cluster Approach to Strengthen Humanitarian Response, Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC), November 24, 2006

2. Appeal for Improving Humanitarian Response Capacity: Cluster 2006, Consolidated Appeals process (CAP), United Nations, pg. 1-6

3. CAP, OCHA, United Nations, http://www.humanitarianappeal.net/ 4. Hugo Slim & Andrew Bonwick, Protection: An ALNAP Guide for Humanitarian Agencies,

Overseas Development Institute, London, 2005

III. Peace Processes: Auditing and Coordinating

1. “Peace Process in Sri Lanka;Peace Audit Report 2”, SAFHR Paper Series 8, SAFHR, 2001 http://www.safhr.org/peace_audits.htm (Preface; Section I - first page)

2. “Analysing SAFHR’s Peace Audits: A Research Methodology of Auditing Public Accountability of Peace Accords” Reportwww.safhr.org [Overview, pg. 2-4]

3. OCHA’s Coordinating Role, http://ochaonline.un.org, pg. 1-6 4. Bruce D Jones, “The Challenges of Strategic Coordination: Containing Opposition and

Sustaining Implementation of Peace Agreements in Civil Wars”, IPA Policy Paper Series on Peace Implementation, International Peace Academy (IPA) and Centre for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), Stanford University, June 2001, New York [Executive Summary, pg. 2-3]

6

5. John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies, Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997 [Coordination: Points of Contact, pg. 99-106)

IV. Reconstruction: Measuring Needs and Raising Funds

1. “Refugee Realities: Meeting the Needs of Refugees and Other People of Concern Globally”,

Global Needs Assessment Pilot Report, UNHCR, October 2008, pg. 1-7 http://www.unhcr.org/48ef09a62.pdf

2. “Practical Guide to Multilateral Needs Assessments in Post-Conflict Situations”, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Social Development Papers, Social Development Department, The World Bank, Washington DC, Paper No. 15, August 2004

3. Salvatore Schiavo-Campo, “Financing and Aid Management Arrangements in Post-Conflict Situations”, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Working Papers, Social Development Department, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network, The World Bank, Paper No. 6, June 2003

4. “Identifying Needs and Funding Requirements: The Planning Process”, UNHCR Global Appeal 2010-2011, pg. 66-75

5. John Paul Lederach& Janice Moomaw Jenner (Eds.), A Handbook of International Peacebuilding: Into the Eye of the Storm,Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 2002 [Who pays?, pg. 173-189; Providing Resources for Peace, pg.191-199]

V. Programmes and Projects: Evaluating Interventions 1. Daniel Druckman, Doing Research: Methods of Inquiry for Conflict Analysis, Sage

Publications, New Delhi, 2005 [Evaluating Interventions & Applying Research, pg. 293-310] 2. John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies,

Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997 [Strategic and Responsive Evaluation, pg. 129-148]

3. “How to manage evaluations: Seven steps”, Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR, May 2005, Geneva, pg. 1-34, 47-49

4. Handbook on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating for Development Results, UNDP, 2009, New York, pg.5-9, 81-94, 127-189

5. “A ripple in development?: Long term perspectives on the response to the Indian Ocean tsunami 2004”, A joint follow-up evaluation of the links between relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD), SIDA, 2009, pg. 17-30

7

PPAAPPEERR -- 111100:: PPEEAACCEE--BBUUIILLDDIINNGG This paper introduces students to peace building as both a preventive mechanism and a means of post-conflict reconstruction. It surveys peace-building initiatives from World War II onwards and looks at the lessons learned for nation, state and institution building in deeply divided societies. It also asks who the most useful actors are, what combination of local, national and international resources are required, and what are

the most effective peace-building mechanisms.

I. Introduction to Peace-Building II. Post-Conflict Reconstruction

III. Stabilization and Prevention IV. Case Study: Afghanistan

Readings I. Introduction to Peace-Building 1. Keating, Tom & Knight, W. Andy, ‘Introduction: Recent Developments in Postconflict

Studies—Peacebuilding and Governance. In Keating, Tom & Knight, W. Andy, (eds) 2004, Building Sustainable Peace, Academic Foundation, New Delhi. Pp. XXXI-LXII.

2. UN General Assembly, 59th session Agenda items 45-55, In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all, Report of the Secretary-General, Addendum Peacebuilding Commission. May 2005.

3. Takasu, Yukio 2005, ‘Supporting Countries in Transition from War to Sustainable Peace and Development, in UN Peacebuilding Architecture’. www.un.org/peace/peacebuilding/

4. Peace building Fund Updates, UN Peacebuilding Fund, Bulletin no. 3, 18 March 2008. 5. Singh, K. C., A New Global Security Agenda. In Kumar, Radha & Puri, Ellora (eds) 2006, Peace-

Building: Indian and European Perspectives, Conference Report, Delhi Policy Group, New Delhi. Pp. 61-65.

6. Lund, Michael, A Toolbox for Responding to Conflicts and Building Peace. In Reychler, Luc & Paffenholz, Thania (eds) 2001, Peace-Building: A Field Guide, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London. Pp. 16-20.

7. Kuhne, Winrich, Security From Peacekeeping to Postconflict Peacebuilding. In Reychler, Luc & Paffenholz, Thania (eds) 2001, Peace-Building: A Field Guide, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London. Pp. 376- 388.

8. Post Conflict Reconstruction Task Force, CSIS. http://www.csis.org/images/stories/pcr/framework.pdf

II. Post-Conflict Reconstruction 1. Jochen Hippler, ‘Violent Conflicts, Conflict Prevention and Nation-Building - Terminology and

Political Concepts’. In Jochen Hippler (Ed.) 2005, Nation-Building – A Key Concept for Peaceful Conflict Transformation?, London, pp. 3-14.

8

2. Stephenson, Carolyn, ‘Nation-Building’. In Burgess, Guy and Burgess, Heidi (eds) 2005, Beyond Intractability, Conflicts Research Consortium, Boulder Co. www.beyondintractability.or/essay/nation_building

3. Fukuyama, Francis 2004, State Building: Governance and World Order in the Twenty-First Century, Profile Books, New Delhi. Pp. 1-57, 124-141.

4. Barakat, Sultan (ed.) 2005, After the Conflict: Reconstruction and Development in the Aftermath of War, I. B. Tauris, London. Pp. 7-32.

5. Kapila, Mukesh & Wermester, Karin, ‘Development and Conflict: New Approaches in the United Kingdom’. In Hampson, Fen Osler & Malone, David M. (eds) 2002, From Reaction to Conflict Prevention: Opportunities for the UN System, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London. Pp. 297-320.

6. UN Secretary-General’s High Level Panel on New Threats and Challenges, Sections III-IV. 7. UNDP Annual Report 2006, Pp. 2-30. 8. Cleves, Patricia, Colletta, Nat & Sambanis, Nicholas, ‘Addressing Conflict: Emerging Policy at

the World Bank’. In Hampson, Fen Osler & Malone, David M. (eds) 2002, From Reaction to Conflict Prevention: Opportunities for the UN System, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London. Pp. 321-355.

9. Save-Soderbergh, Bengt & Lennartsson, Izumi Nakamitsu, ‘Electoral Assistance and Democratization’. In Hampson, Fen Osler & Malone, David M. (eds) 2002, From Reaction to Conflict Prevention: Opportunities for the UN System, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London. Pp. 357-377.

10. Evans, Mark, ‘Post-war Reconstruction and Public Administration’. In Barakat, Sultan (ed.) 2005, After the Conflict: Reconstruction and Development in the Aftermath of War, I. B. Tauris, London. Pp. 191-212.

III. Stabilization and Prevention

1. Gharekhan, Chinmaya R., 2006, The Horseshoe Table: An Inside View of the UN Security Council, Pearson Longman, New Delhi. Pp. 213-257.

2. Sriram, Chandra Lekha & Wermester, Karin, ‘Preventive Action at the United Nations: From Promise to Practice?’. In Hampson, Fen Osler & Malone, David M. (eds) 2002, From Reaction to Conflict Prevention: Opportunities for the UN System, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London. Pp. 381-389.

3. Barakat, Sultan, Connolly, David & Large, Judith. ‘Can Proactive Humanitarianism Create Sustainable Solutions? Challenges to Third-Party Intervention in Aceh’. In Barakat, Sultan (ed.) 2005, After the Conflict: Reconstruction and Development in the Aftermath of War, I. B. Tauris, London. Pp. 67-86.

4. Conflict Prevention & Civilian Crisis Management: Rapid Reaction Mechanism. http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations cfsp/cpsm/rrm/index.htm

5. Creating a Rapid Reaction Mechanism, Council Regulation (EC) No 381/2001 of 26 February 2001. Official Journal of the European Communities.

6. Rapid Reaction Mechanism- Policy advice, mediation and reconciliation Programme, Information Note to the Council, European Commission, Brussels, 02-05-2005.

7. Rapid Reaction Mechanism- Kick-start of the Political, Economic and Social Reconstruction Process of Afghanistan and the Neighbouring Countries in the post-Taliban Era, Information Note to the Council, European Commission, Brussels, 7 December 2001.

8. Rapid Reaction Mechanism Sri Lanka/ Support to the Cease Fire Agreement, Information Note to the Council, European Commission, Brussels, 12-09-2002.

9

9. Hogan, Michael J., 2002, The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 26-53, 88-134.

IV. Case Study: Afghanistan 1. Afghanistan Map and Brief Backgrounder 2. The Bonn Agreement. www.unama-afg.org, http://www.unama-afg.org/docs/Docs.htm 3. Afghanistan ISAF RC and PRT Locations. Map 4. Putzel, James, Schetter, Conrad, Elbern, Stefanie & Woll, Bettina 2003, ‘Report of the

Symposium, State Reconstruction and International Engagement in Afghanistan’, organised by Center for Development Research of the University of Bonn, and the Crisis state programme, Development Research Centre, London School of Economics.

5. Rubin, Barnett R., Ghani, A., Maley, W., Rashid, A., & Roy, Olivier, ‘Afghanistan: Reconstruction and Peacemaking in a Regional Framework’, paper for the Federal Government of Switzerland.

6. Wimmer, A., & Schetter, Conrad Number 45, April 2002, ‘State-Formation First. Recommendations for Reconstruction and Peace-Making in Afghanistan’.

7. HPCR Central Asia, Policy Brief October 15, 2001, ‘The Role of Islam in Shaping the Future in Afghanistan’, Issue 2, Vol.2.

8. ‘Counting chickens’, Al-Ahram weekly online, 13-19 December 2001, Issue No. 564. 9. Jalali, Ali A, ‘Rebuilding Afghanistan’s National Army’, Parameters, Autumn 2002. Pp. 72-86. 10. Suhrke, Astri, 2006, ‘When More is Less: Aiding Statebuilding in Afghanistan’, FRIDE Working

Paper 26. 11. Annual Review of Global Peace Operations 2006, ‘Afghanistan’, A project of the Center on

International Cooperation. Pp. 67- 72. 12. Rubin, Barnett R., ‘Saving Afghanistan’, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2007. 13. Rashid, Ahmed, Interview ‘Advice on Afghanistan’. 14. ‘Afghanistan: Kabul surprised, pleased with aid pledges’, Eurasia Insight, 6/14/08. 15. ‘Afghanistan: Donors wasting their money unless structural problems addressed- Expert’,

Eurasia Insight, 6/11/08 16. Haidari, M. Ashraf, ‘Paris Conference: Aid effectiveness key to addressing Afghanistan’s

rebuilding Challenges’, Eurasia Insight 6/12/08. 17. ‘Afghanistan Government: Highlights of recent trade agreements’, Eurasia net.org, 1/24/03. 18. Synovitz, Ron, ‘China: Afghan investment reveals larger strategy’, Eurasia Insight – Business

& Economics, 7/03/08 19. Jonathan Goodhand and Mark Sedra, ‘Who owns the peace? Aid, reconstruction, and

peacebuilding in Afghanistan,’. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01100.x/pdf

20. United States Institute of Peace, ‘ Progress in Peacebuilding,‘ USIP 2011, http://www.usip.org/files/regions/faqs/Feb%202011%20PiP%20Afghanistan.pdf

10

PPAAPPEERR –– 111111:: IINNDDIIAANN SSTTRRAATTEEGGIICC TTHHOOUUGGHHTT As India becomes an increasingly important actor on the international stage, it is essential that students of the Indian state and its foreign and security policies understand the major forces and ideas that are shaping its role and place in the world. The course principally focuses on the evolution of strategy and strategic thinking in India since Independence. It discusses the factors that have influenced policies and institutions and the geopolitical and historical traditions that have served as the foundation of strategic thought. The course takes a broad view of strategy, not in its narrower military sense, but as national policies, dominant preferences and practices for achieving the goals of stability and security, autonomy, democracy, modernity and major power status. The aim is to enable the students to have both the empirical and the analytical capacities to critically assess the thinkers, ideas, policies and institutions that are shaping India’s rise, as well as the challenges it faces.

Course Outline Part I: The Classical and Medieval Heritage Part II: Colonial Legacy and Nationalist Thought Part III: Post-Independence Grand Strategy Part IV: End of Cold War and new Grand Strategy I. The Classical and Medieval Heritage 1. Kautilya: The Arthashastra, trans. Rangarajan 2. Mahabharata: Shanti Parva 3. Satish Chandra (2008), State, Pluralism, and the Indian Historical Tradition, New Delhi:

Oxford University Press. 4. Tapan Raychaudhuri (1982), “The Mughal State,” in Cambridge Economic History of India,

Vol.1 c.1200 to c.1750, Chapter VII 5. Herman Kulke, ed. (1995), The State in India 1000-1700, New Delhi: OPU. 6. Amartya Sen (2008), The Argumentative Indian, 7. Kaushik Roy (2000), “Wars in Indian History,” Studies in History, Vol.16, No.2, pp. 261-275 8. Joss J L Goomans and Dirk H A Kolff, eds. (2001), Warfare and Weaponry in South Asia 1000-

1800, New Delhi: OUP. 9. Rabindra Nath Tagore (1902): “The Message of Indian History,” in Vishva Bharati Quarterly,

vol.22, no.2 (1956); and other writings. 10. R.S.Sharma (2005), India’s Ancient Past, Delhi: OUP. 11. Jawaharlal Nehru (1946), The Discovery of India. 12. David Ludden (2002) India and South Asia: A Short History, Oxford: One World.

Further Readings:

13. Tansen Sen (2003), Buddhism, Diplomacy and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations, 600-1600, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

11

14. Irfan Habib, Akbar 15. Kanti P. Bajpai and Amitabh Mattoo eds. (1996), Securing India: Strategic Thought and

Practice, New Delhi: Manohar Publishers. 16. George Tanham (1995), Indian Strategic Thought, Santa Monica, CA: RAND 17. Rodney Jones, (2006), India’s Strategic Culture, Defence Threat Reduction Agency, Science

Application International Center, Washington DC. 18. Stephen P. Rosen (1996), Societies and Military Power: India and its Armies, Ithaca, NY.:

Cornell University Press.

II. Colonial Legacy and Nationalist Thought 1. V C Joshi, ed., (1975), Ram Mohan Roy and the Process of Modernisation of India, New Delhi 2. Mohandas K. Gandhi (1908, 1997), Hind Swaraj and Other Essays, (edited and introduced by

A. Parel), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3. T A Keenleyside (1982), “Nationalist Indian Attitudes towards Asia: A Troublesome legacy for

post-Independence Indian Foreign Policy,” Pacific Affairs, vol.55 (Summer), pp.210-30. 4. Martin Wainwright (1994), Inheritance of Empire: Britain, India and the Balance of Power in

Asia, 1938-55, Westport, Conn.: Praeger. 5. Shekhar Bandopadhyay (2004), From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India, New

Delhi: Orient Longman.

III. Post-Independence Grand Strategy 1. K M Panikkar (1960), The Problems of Indian Defence, New Delhi: Asia Publishing House 2. Jawaharla Nehru, Selected Speeches on Foreign Policy, 3. J Bandopadhyay (1980, 2nd ed.), The Making of India’s Foreign Policy, New Delhi, Allied

Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 4. Bipan Chandra, et al. eds (2000), India After Independence, 1947-2000, New Delhi: Penguin

Books. 5. Baljit Singh (1964), “The Sources of Contemporary Political Thought in India –A Reapprisal,”

Ethics, Vol.75, No.1, October. 6. Satish Chandra (1997), “State and World Order— The Indian Perspective,” in Robert W.Cox,

ed., The New Realism: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order, Tokyo, United Nations University Press.

7. Sisir Gupta (1966), Kashmir: A Study in India-Pakistan Relations, London: Asia Publishing House, Indian Council of World Affairs.

8. Chadrashekhar Dasgupta (2002), War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 1947-48, New Delhi: Sage. 9. Robert McMahon (1994), Cold War on the Periphery: The United States, India and Pakistan,

New York: Columbia University Press. 10. K Subrahamanyam (1998), “India’s Nuclear Policy 1964-98: A personal recollection” in Jasjit

Singh, ed. Nuclear India, IDSA, New Delhi: Knowledge World. 11. K Subrahamanyam (1990), ‘ Evolution of India’s Defence Policy, 1947-64,’ in B N Pande ed.,

A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, New Delhi. 12. Adda B. Bozeman (1958), “ India’s Foreign Policy Today: Reflections Upon its Sources,”

World Politics, vol.10, No.2 (January), pp. 256-273 13. Sunil Khilnani (2004), The Idea of India, New Delhi: Penguin Books

12

14. Sujit Dutta and N Sisodia, eds. (2005), India and the World: Strategic Thought, New Delhi:IDSA.

IV. End of Cold War and new Grand Strategy 1. Baldev Raj Nayar and T V Paul (2004), India in the World Order: Searching for Major Power

Status, New Delhi: Cambridge University Press special South Asian edition. 2. Ashok Kapur (1999), “Indian Strategy: The Dilemmas About Enmities, the Nature of Power

and the Pattern of Relations,” in Yogendra K Malik and Ashok Kapur eds., India: Fifty Years of Democracy and Development, New Delhi: APH Publishing Corp.

3. Stephen Cohen (2001), Emerging Power: India, New Delhi: OUP. 4. Stephen Cohen (1990), The Indian Army: Its Contribution to the Development of a Nation,

New Delhi, OUP.

Further Readings: 5. P S Datta (1995), Ethnic Peace Accords in India, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. 6. Radha Kumar (2008), India as a Foreign Policy Actor: Normative Redux, Centre for European

Policy Studies (CEPS) Working Document no.285; available at (http://www.ceps.eu). 7. C Rajamohan (2005), Crossing the Rubicon: The Shaping of India’s New Foreign Policy, New

Delhi: Penguin 8. A Z Hilai (2001), “India’s Strategic Thinking and its National Security Policy,” Asian Survey,

Vol.41, No.5, September-October. 9. Amrita Basu and Atul Kohli, eds. (1998), Community Conflicts and the State in India, New

Delhi: OUP 10. Hiranmoy Karlekar ed. (1998), Independent India: The first Fifty Years, Delhi:

13

PPAAPPEERR -- 111122:: RREELLIIGGIIOONN,, VVIIOOLLEENNCCEE AANNDD PPEEAACCEE This paper tackles the complex relationship between religiosity, identity and politics in historical and contemporary times. It examines the ways in which this interplay is invoked by state and non‐state actors in support or justification of both violence and peace. At the same time, it is an attempt to critically comprehend the various pluralist trends in all religions and contemporary multi-religious initiatives for countering violence and building peace. The paper combines theoretical and philosophical renditions with historical inputs from case studies drawn primarily from South Asia and also from trends across the globe. 1. Classical Approaches to War and Peace: Just War Theories in Christianity, Hinduism

and Buddhism, Concept of Ahimsa in the Jaina Tradition and Notion of Martyrdom in Sikhism

2. Religious Radicalism and Political Violence: Political Islam and the ‘Clash of

Civilisations’ thesis, Zionism and the Jewish Homeland, Communalism in Post-Colonial India

3. Alternative Traditions and Peace Initiatives: Syncretism and Religious Pluralism,

Tolerance and Toleration, Secularism and Secularisation, Interfaith Dialogue and UNESCO Dialogue among Civilisations

Reading List: 1. Mamdani, Mahmood Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of

Terror America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror, Pantheon Books, 2004 2. Sarkar, Sumit Beyond Nationalist Frames, Relocating Postmodernism, Hindutva, History,

Permanent Black, 2002. 3. Saberwal, Satish and Mushirul Hasan (ed), Assertive Religious Identities, India and Europe,

Manohar, 2006. 4. Pandey, Gyan, The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India, 5. Madan, TN, Modern Myths, Locked Minds: Secularism and Fundamentalism in India 6. Jaffrelot, Christophe (ed.), Hindu Nationalism: A Reader, Permanent Black, 2007 7. Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja, Buddhism Betrayed?: Religion, Politics, and Violence in Sri Lanka,

University of Chicago Press, 1992. 8. Hinnells, John and Richard King (eds.), Religion and Violence In South Asia: Theory and

Practice, Routledge, 2007. 9. Sikand, Yoginder Sacred Spaces, Exploring Traditions of Shared Faith in India by, Penguin,

Delhi, 2003. 10. Gopin, Marc, Between Eden and Armageddon: The Future of World Religions, Violence, and

Peacemaking, Oxford University Press, 2000. 11. Harris, Harriet A., Fundamentalism and Evangelicals, Clarendon Press, 1998 12. Kaplan, Lawrence (ed.), Fundamentalism in Comparative Perspective, University of

Massachusetts Press, 1992.

14

13. Liebman, Robert C. and Robert Wuthnow (eds.), The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, Aldine Publishing, 1983.

14. Hedges, Chris, American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America, 2007 15. Weinberg, Leonard (ed.), Religious Fundamentalism and Political Extremism, Routledge,

2004. 16. Juergensmeyer, Mark, Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, India

edition, 2001 (Oxford Univ Press) 17. Appleby, R. Scott, The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence, and Reconciliation,

Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000. 18. Kepel, Gilles, The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West, Belknap, 2004. 19. Smock, David R. (ed.), Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding, USIP, 2002. 20. UNESCO Dialogue among Civilizations, The International Ministerial Conference on Dialogue

among Civilizations: Quest for New Perspectives, New Delhi, India 9 and 10 July 2003. 21. UNESCO Dialogue among Civilizations, Proceedings of the International Congress of Religions

and Cultures in West Africa, Abuja, Nigeria, 15‐17 December 2003.

15

PPAAPPEERR --111133:: IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL HHUUMMAANNIITTAARRIIAANN LLAAWW This paper focuses on International Humanitarian Law (IHL), which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. The paper will trace the development of IHL as a legal framework for the protection of vulnerable and defenceless victims of armed conflict. It will focus on the provisions of IHL in so far as it seeks to limit the means and methods of warfare. Finally, while assessing the implementation and application of IHL in contemporary armed conflicts, some of the challenges will be highlighted. I. Introduction to International Humanitarian Law: Definition, Origin and

Development of International Humanitarian Law, Sources of International Humanitarian Law, Legal Categories of Armed Conflict - International and Internal.

II. Protection of Defenceless Victims of Armed Conflict: Treatment of Civilians,

POWs, Sick, Wounded, and Shipwrecked, Treatment of Women, Children and other Vulnerable Groups, The Concept of Protecting Powers – Rights and Obligations.

III. Limitations on Means and Methods of Warfare: General Limitations on the

Conduct of Hostilities, Specific Weapons and their Impact – Chemical, Biological, Nuclear, Anti-Personnel Landmines – the pre and post Ottawa Process.

IV. Implementing International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of

Contemporary Armed Conflicts: Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity - Role of the International Criminal Court and International Criminal Tribunals.

Readings: 1. Balachandran, M.K. and Rose Varghese (1999), (eds.) Introduction to International

Humanitarian Law, ICRC Regional Delegation, New Delhi. 2. Best, Geoffery (1994), War and Law Since 1945, New York: Oxford University Press. 3. Best, Geoffrey (1983) Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Law of

Armed Conflicts, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 4. Dinstein, Yoram (2004) The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed

Conflict, Cambridge University Press, U.K. 5. Fernandez- Sanchez, Pablo Antonio (2005) (ed.) The New Challenges of Humanitarian Law

in Armed Conflict, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston. 6. Fleck, Dieter et al, (1995), (eds.), The Handbook of Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts,

Oxford University Press. 7. Forsythe, David P. (1991), The Internationalisation of Human Rights, Lexington M.A;

Lexington books for the Free Press. 8. Gardam, Judith (1999), (ed.), Humanitarian Law, Ashgate; Dartmouth.

16

9. Gasser, H.P. (1993) “International Humanitarian Law – An Introduction” in Hans Haug, Humanity for All The International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Henry Dunant Institute and Paul Haupt Publishers, Geneva.

10. Heinegg, Wolff Heinschel von and Volker Epping (2007) (eds.) International Humanitarian Law Facing New Challenges, Springer, Berlin.

11. Henckaerts, Jean Marie (2005), (ed.), Customary International Humanitarian Law, Geneva; ICRC and Institute of International Studies.

12. ICRC, (1983), Understanding Humanitarian Law: Basic Rules of Geneva Convention and their Additional Protocols, Geneva; ICRC.

13. Kalshoven, Frits and Liesbeth Zegveld (March 2001) “Constraints on the Waging of War - An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law, ICRC, Geneva.

14. Kalshoven, Frits and Y. Sandoz (1991), (eds.) Implementation of International Humanitarian Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, London, Boston.

15. Maybee, Larry and Benarji Chakka (2008) (eds.) International Humanitarian Law – A Reader for South Asia, ICRC Regional Delegation, New Delhi.

16. McCoubrey, Hilaire (1998) International Humanitarian Law Modern Developments in the Limitation of Warfare, Ashgate; Dartmouth.

17. Pictet, Jean (1985), Development and Principles of Humanitarian Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht and Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva.

18. Ramcharan, Bertrand G., (2006), (ed.), Human Rights Protection in the Field, Nijhoff. 19. Sanajaoba, Naorem (2004) (ed.) A Manual of International Humanitarian Laws, Regency

Publications, New Delhi. 20. Schabas, William A. (2001), “International Law and Response to Conflict” in Chester Crocker

et al (eds.), Turbulent Peace, the Challenges of Managing International Conflicts, Washington D. C.; USIP, pp 603-618.

21. Shraga, Daphne, “The United Nations as an Actor Bound by International Humanitarian Law,” International Peacekeeping, Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 64-81, Spring 1998.