Mixed and pure substances

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SUBSTANCES

MIXED SUBSTANCESOR

MIXTURES

PURESUBSTANCES

HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS

LIQUID SOLUTIONS

GAS SOLUTIONS

SOLID SOLUTIONS

COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS

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SUBSTANCES

PURE SUBSTANCES: they have well defined specific properties: density, fusion, boiling temperatures…

MIXTURES: they are made up of two or more different substances. They do NOT have well defined

Specific properties.

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MIXTURES

HETEROGENEOUS: we can clearly distinguish the different components. Some examples include

salads, soups, and cookies. 

HOMOGENEOUS: we cannot see the different substances that make up a mixture.  Some of

examples include alcohol and water.

Concrete, conglomerate rock, as well as oil and vinegar are all heterogeneous mixtures. The particles are large enough to be seen and can be separated from the mixture.

Homogeneous mixtures are very well mixed. A salt solution is a homogeneous mixture. 

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HOMOGENEOUSMIXTURES

LIQUID SOLUTIONS: we usually speak of solutions for liquid mixtures.

GAS SOLUTIONS: like the air.

SOLID SOLUTIONS: like steel which is a mixture of iron and carbon.

Have you ever put sugar in a glass of milk? After you stir, you can no longer see the sugar. The sugar is still there, as you can taste it. A mixture of sugar and milk is called as solution. By evaporation we can separate the different kinds of matter in solution.

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PURE SUBSTANCES

COMPOUNDS: They can be decomposed into simpler substances using chemical methods.

ELEMENTS: They can’t be decomposed. There are 109 elements.

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The Periodic Table of Elements

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SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

DECANTATION

FILTRATION

MAGNETISMSIEVING

DISTILLATION

CRYSTALIZATION

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Decantation is a process for the separation of mixtures. This is achieved by carefully pouring a solution from a container in order to

leave the sediments in the bottom of the original container.

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Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by

interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. 

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Magnetism is a process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force.

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A sieve separates wanted elements from unwanted material.

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Crystalization: this technique is used for obtaining a compound in pure solid form of well-defined geometrically shaped crystals. 

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Distillation is a method of separating mixtures. It is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions, by the application and

removal of heat.

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•http://explore.ecb.org/videos/VLC_media?P1=VLC077&REFERER=OTHER

•http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-heterogeneous-and-homogeneous/

•http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v3/P8A3.htm

•http://chemsite.lsrhs.net/Intro/Pure_vs_mixtures.html

•http://www.wineloverspage.com/vino101/decant07.phtml

•http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/inorganic-chemistry/properties-of-solutions-and-types-of-mixtures.html

•http://fphoto.photoshelter.com/image/I0000nrYPvzifous

•http://chemsite.lsrhs.net/Intro/Pure_vs_mixtures.html

•http://64.224.111.143/handbook/periodic/