Mitosis Lab DO NOW Identify how many cells are in : Interphase - _____ Prophase - _____ Metaphase - _____ Anaphase - _____ Telophase/Cytokinesis - _____ On loose-leaf
Mitosis LabDO NOW
Identify how many cells are in: Interphase - _____
Prophase - _____
Metaphase - _____
Anaphase - _____
Telophase/Cytokinesis - _____
On loose-leaf
Obtain Your DataTable 1. - Results of counting cells in each phase of mitosis and interphase
PHASE Number of cells in phase Time in minutes
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Total Number
Time for a phase x 720
1. What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for?
2. Describe the offspring produced during mitosis
3. Complete the Mitosis diagrams showing amount of DNA:
DO NOW - on loose-leaf
464
2n
Reproduction
What is reproduction?Organisms make more of themselvesNecessary for the continuation of a speciesNot necessary for the survival of an individual
organisms
What are the TWO types of Reproduction?AsexualSexual
Asexual ReproductionWhy is asexual reproduction necessary?
Unicellular Organisms Cell division / reproduction One organism makes an EXACT copy of itself
Multicellular OrganismsTissue repair Skin cells make more skin cells (EXACT copy)Liver cells make more… Liver cells (Exact Copy)
Asexual ReproductionHow do organisms produce exact copies of themselves?
Process called MITOSIS
What is Mitosis?Type of cell divisionProduces TWO daughter cells Daughter cells are EXACTLY like each other and the
Parent CellDNA information and amount are all the SAME
46
2n
Pony
Complete the Diagrams for Mitosis
Describe the relationship between each daughter cell and the relationship between the daughter cells and parent cell.
Do Now - On loose-leaf
A - ____________B - ____________C - ____________D - ____________E - ____________
1. What phase of the cell life cycle does each letter show:
2. What happens during “Letter D?”
3. What happens during “Letter B”
Sperm and Egg are DIFFERENTThen how are sperm and egg cells made?
Process known as Meiosis
Sperm and Egg Cells are the only TWO cells that USE Meiosis DO NOT use Mitosis
Sperm & Egg cells, along with Meiosis, are only USED IN
Sexual Reproduction
Type 2 - Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproductionTwo parents Specialized sex cells & sex organs Creates VARIATIONOffspring different than parents
Note:
• Sperm and egg are specialized sex cells called gametes• All other cells in the body are body or somatic cells
Sexual Reproduction & MeiosisSperm & Egg (gametes)
Formed by process called MeiosisAre HAPLOID – only have half the Chromosomes (DNA) of a
body cellHuman Body cells have 46 chromosomes… egg and sperm only have
Sperm and Egg fuseThis is called fertilization
Meiosis & Fertilization guarantee VARIATIONNo variation in asexual reproduction (Mitosis)
23
What is Meiosis?Only makes TWO types of cells in our bodies:
Sperm Egg
Occurs only in our Our Testes & Ovaries
Gametes
Gonads
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis Starts with one diploid
Cell (2n) Meiosis has 2 divisions Produces four UNIQUE
haploid cells (n) (gametes)
Look at the chromosomes. They are different for each cell!
What is Meiosis?Meiosis Starts with one diploid Cell (2n) Meiosis has 2 divisions Produces four UNIQUE haploid cells (n) (gametes)
Complete the diagrams
What is Diploid?Diploid Cells (2n) – Cells that have two chromosomes that code for the same thing (eye color, height, hair color etc…)
One chromosome comes from the mother and one from the father
From Father From Mother
Are both cells diploid(2n)? Why?
How many chromosomes in cell A and B?
A B
Codes for hair color & eye color
Codes for hair color & eye color
What is Haploid?Haploid Cells (n) – Cells that have one chromosome that codes for certain traits
Sperm only has fathers DNA setEgg only has mothers DNA set
From Father From Mother
One codes for Hair color and one codes for Eye color
One codes for height and one codes for insulin hormone
How many chromosomes?Cell A - Cell B -
From Father From Mother
A B
One codes for Hair color and one codes for Eye color
One codes for height and one codes for insulin hormone
Process of Meiosis
P-M-A-THow many cell divisions in Meiosis? 2
Describe the cells produced from Meiosis: Different from one another and the parent cell 4 Unique, Haploid (n) cells are produced from one Diploid Cell Create gametes (sperm and eggs)
Gametogenesis = creation of Sperm & Egg
What creates or guarantees genetic variation in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis Fertilization
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-TInterphase I
Chromosomes (DNA) duplicates and makes sister chromatids
Just like during Mitosis
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-TProphase IHomologous chromosomes pair up
Homologous Chromosomes Same sizeCode for same traits
Hair color, eye color etc…
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-TProphase I
Crossing Over occurs!!!!!!!• Physical transfer of genetic
material
• Creates VARIATION
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?
How is this different than Mitosis?
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-TMetaphase I
Homologous Chromosomes line up in the middle
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?
How is this different than Mitosis?
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-TAnaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate into Two Different Haploid cells
Disjunction – equal separation of homologous chromosomes
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?
How is this different than Mitosis?
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-TAnaphase I
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?Non-Disjunction
Unequal separation of homologous chromosomes
Can happen during: Anaphase I Anaphase II
Normal 2n Body Cell DNA• Normal Disjunction
2n+1 Body Cell• Non-disjunction• Extra chromosome from
unequal division of chromosomes
• Trisomy 21 – down syndrome
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-TTelophase Iand Cytokinesis
TWO (2) Unique Haploid cells are created
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-T IISecond Division
Just like mitosis Chromosomes line up at
middle Sister chromatids split Difference =
4 Haploid Cells form at the end (gametes)
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-T IISecond Division
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Haploid or Diploid?Why?
Process of Meiosis: Creating Variation
P-M-A-T
Father’s chromosomes:• Blue – codes for eye color• Red – codes for hair color
Mother’s chromosomes:• Yellow – codes for eye color• White – codes for hair color
Non-Disjunction
Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis Formation of male gametes (sperm)
All four haploid cells are functional sperm• Haploid (n) (23 chromosomes)
Oogenesis Oogenesis Formation of female gametes (eggs)
One functional egg & three nonfunctional polar bodies• Haploid (n) (23 chromosomes)
Meiosis Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35ncSrJOwME (9 min)
Complete these definitions on back of note packet or loose-leaf
1. Gamete
2. Gonad
3. Diploid
4. Haploid
5. Gametogenesis
6. Zygote
7. Fertilization
8. Chromosome
9. Gene
10. Nucleus