Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis and Meiosis

VocabularyDiploid: a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.Haploid: a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.Mitosis: part of the eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus dividesMeiosis: process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

VocabularyHomologous: refers to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome form the opposite-sex parent.Eukaryote: organism whose cells contain nucleiProkaryote: a single celled organism lacking a nucleus.Gamete: specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction.

Cell Division during Mitosis

InterphaseDuring G1 the cell carries out normal metabolic activities.During S the cell duplicates genetic materialGenetic material duplicates so that when the cell dividesEach daughter cell contains the same amount of genetic materials as the parent cell.

During G2 the cell prepares for division.ProphaseNuclear membrane breaks down Genetic material condenses into chromosomesCentrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cellMicrotubules attach to centriolesVisible under a microscope.

MetaphaseDuplicated chromosomes line up on the equatorsMicrotubules attach to the centomereCentromere holds the duplicated chromosomes together.

Anaphase

Duplicated chromosomes separateOne of each pair pulled toward opposite poles

Telophase

New nuclear membranes for around the separated genetic material which begins to unwindCytokinesisCytoplasm divides.Cytoplasm: material inside the cell membranenot including the nucleusResult in 2 daughter cellsLook exactly alikeHave exact genetic material as the parent cell

MeiosisMeiosis IProcess of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.Meiosis IPrior to meiosis I, each chromosome is replicated. Cells begin to divide in a way that looks similar to mitosis

Interphase ICells undergo a round of DNA replicationForm duplicate chromosomes

Meiosis I/Prophase IChromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad.Tetradstructure containing 4 chromotids that forms during meiosis

Anaphase IFibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase I/CytokinesisNuclear membranes form.Cell separates into two cells.

Meiosis IIThe two cells produced by meiosis I now enter a second division.Neither cell goes through a round of chromosome replication before entering meiosis II.Each of the cells chromosomes has 2 chromotids. Prophase IIMeiosis I results in two (haploid) daughter cells.Each have half the number of chromosomes as the original cells. (23)

Metaphase IIChromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis.

Anaphase IIThe sister chromotids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase II and CytokinesisMeiosis II results in four (haploid) daughter cells.

Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisIn what type of cell does division cell division take place.Mitosis

MeiosisComparing Mitosis and MeiosisIn what type of cell does division cell division take place.MitosisSomatic Cells: any cell forming the body of an organism.Meiosis

Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisIn what type of cell does division cell division take place.MitosisSomatic Cells: any cell forming the body of an organism.MeiosisGerm Cells: biological cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisWhat is the purpose of division?Mitiosis:Meiosis:Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisWhat is the purpose of division?Mitosis: Growth, repair of tissueMeiosis:Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisWhat is the purpose of division?Mitosis: Growth, repair of tissueMeiosis: Production of gametesGametes: specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction.Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are present at G1?

Mitosis: Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are present at G1?

Mitosis: Diploid (2n) n = 23Meiosis:Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are present at G1?

Mitosis: Diploid (2n) =46 chromosomesMeiosis: Diploid (2n)= 46 chromosomesComparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are present at G2?

Mitosis: Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are present at G2?

Mitosis: Duplicated diploid 2(2n)Meiosis:Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are present at G2?

Mitosis: Duplicated diploid 2(2n)Meiosis: Duplicated diploid 2(2n)Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many divisions are there?

Mitosis:

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many divisions are there?

Mitosis: 1

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many divisions are there?

Mitosis: 1

Meiosis: 2Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many daughter cells are produced?

Mitosis:

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many daughter cells are produced?

Mitosis: 2

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many daughter cells are produced?

Mitosis: 2

Meiosis: 4Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are in the daughter cells?

Mitosis:

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are in the daughter cells?

Mitosis: Diploid (2n)

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisHow many chromosomes are in the daughter cells?

Mitosis: Diploid (2n)

Meiosis: Haploid (n)Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisAre the daughter cells identical to or different than parent cells?

Mitosis:

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisAre the daughter cells identical to or different than parent cells?

Mitosis: Identical

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisAre the daughter cells identical to or different than parent cells?

Mitosis: Identical

Meiosis: UniqueComparing Mitosis and MeiosisDoes crossing over occur? If so, during what state?

Mitosis:

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisDoes crossing over occur? If so, during what state?

Mitosis: No

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisDoes crossing over occur? If so, during what state?

Mitosis: No

Meiosis: Prophase IComparing Mitosis and MeiosisDuring what stage do the sister chromatids separate?

Mitosis:

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisDuring what stage do the sister chromatids separate?

Mitosis: Anaphase

Meiosis: Comparing Mitosis and MeiosisDuring what stage do the sister chromatids separate?

Mitosis: Anaphase

Meiosis: Anaphase II