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What are plans and planners for?Discussing aims of spatial planning in informal urbanization
SpatialPlanning&Strategy
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
URBANISM
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This presentation claims that...
THE RIGHT TO THE
CITY
RIGHT to RIGHTS
RIGHT TO THE CITY
POSITIVE RIGHTS NEGATIVE
RIGHTS
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PUBLIC GOODS
COLLECTIVE
UNDERTAKINGS
POLITICALLY, INSTITUTIONALLY
PROCEDURALLY
MAIN TOOLS
SPATIAL JUSTICERIGHT TO THE CITY
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shifting paradigms:from criminals to entrepreneurs
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• hope
• entrepreneurship
• affirmation of the right to BE in the city
• the possibility to access a much larger and diversified labour market
• access to improved health care, educational opportunities and cultural opportunities
What do you see?
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INCREASED LIFE CHANCES
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Sao
Pau
lo Poor officialresponses
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Mu
mb
ai
How can those compare to this?
University of California, Berkeley
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slums have come to be seen as...
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+-900 million people in slums (UN Habitat)
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Aestheticization of poverty
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TurnerNot a new idea
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Turn to neoliberalism
Cara
cas
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What I see
ENORMOUS LACK OF ACCESS TO PUBLIC GOODSP
ara
iso
po
lis
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‘Let the poor take their future in their own
hands’
Sao
Pau
lo
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The Right to the City
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Positive rights are deeply connected to
access to public goods
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Positive rights are deeply connected to
access to public goods
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Role of planning?
material/spatial
support inclusion
access to negative AND positive rights
public goods
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Intangible assets that can be enjoyed by all
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Intangible assets that can be enjoyed by all
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A bridge is not a public good but it promotes
one
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‘green’S
ao
Pau
lo
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Green Heart of the Randstad
Ho
llan
d
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Public goods and collective action
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Exclusionary spaces
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lack of access to public goods
Sao
Pau
lo
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Role of the State and of planning
Sao
Pau
lo
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Different models of democratic societies
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Models of society
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Tne European experience
Th
e H
ag
ue
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Consequences for the role of
governments (and planners)
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Interconnections positive rights and
the right to the city
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0 20kmN
Anhanguera
Perus
Jaragua
S.
D omingos
Pirituba
Freguesia
do O
Brasilandia
Limao
Cachoei-
rinha
Mandaqui
Casa
Verde Santana
Trememb e
Tucuruvi
Jacana
Vila
Medeiros
Vila Maria
Vila
Guilherme
Cangaiba
Penha
Tatuape
Carrao
Belem
Mooca
Agua Rasa
Vila Matilde
Vila
Formosa
Ermelino
Matarazzo
Itaquera
Ponte Rasa
Artur
Alvim
Cidade Lider
Parque do
Carmo
Jose
Bonifacio
Cidade
Tiradentes
Guaianases
Lajeado
Vila Curuca
Itaim Paulista
Jardim
Helena
Sao
M iguel
Vila Jacui
Iguatemi
Sao Rafael
Sao MateusSapopopembaemba
Aricanduva
Sao LucasVila
Pruden teIpiranga
Sacoma
Cursino
Jabaquara
Cidade
Ademar
Pedreira
Cidade D utra
Grajau
Socorro
Camp o
Grande
Santo Amaro
Parelheiros
Marsilac
Jardim A ngela
Jardim
Sao LuisCapao
Redondo
Camp o Limpo
Vila Andrade
Vila Sonia
MorumbiRaposo Tavares
Rio Pequeno Butanta
Jaguare
Vila
Leopoldina
LapaJaragua
Alto de
Pinheiros
Itaim
BibiMoema
Camp o
Belo
Saude
Vila
Mariana
Jardim
PaulistaPinheiros
Perdizes
Barra Funda
Consolacao
Santa
Cecilia
Bela
VistaLib erdade
Cambuci
Bras
PariBom
Retiro
Serepublica
Norway
Norway
Iceland
Iceland
Australia
Australia
SWEDEN
SWEDEN
Netherlands
Japan
Denmark
Finland
FRance
Austria
Austria
New Zealand
germany
spain
spain
Hong kong
Hong kong
singapore
singapore
slovenia
s.Korea
kyrgyztan
Dominican Rep.S. Korea
S.KOrea
Cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
Czech
Rep.
Malta
MALTA
MALTA
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
poland
poland
chile
chile
estonia
slovakia
qatar
bahrain
bahrain
croatia
cyprusuruguay
latvia
st kitts
bahamas
bahamas
bahamas
seychelles
seychelles
cuba
cuba
cuba
mexico
bulgaria
Panama
Panama
lybia
lybia
lybia
Malaysia
Malaysia
Russia
mauritius
bosnia
oman
Albania
thailand
venezuela
saudi arabia
ukraine
ukraine
ukraine
ukraine
perukazakhstan
Dominican
republic
China
sri lanka
sri lanka
turkey
bulgaria
Sky high: SWEDEN
Very high: Spain
high: Czech republic
moderately high: mexico
Medium: thailand
Medium to low: kyrgystan
HDI Human development index (2007(
city of sao paulo districts compareddata source: PMSP and IBGE/PNUD 2007
there are no districts that score less than 0.7, therefore no district with low HDI
the lowest HDI index belongs to marsilac (0.701
Sao
Pau
lo
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0 20kmN
Anhanguera
Perus
Jaragua
S.
D omingos
Pirituba
Freguesia
do O
Brasilandia
Limao
Cachoei-
rinha
Mandaqui
Casa
Verde Santana
Trememb e
Tucuruvi
Jacana
Vila
Medeiros
Vila Maria
Vila
Guilherme
Cangaiba
Penha
Tatuape
Carrao
Belem
Mooca
Agua Rasa
Vila Matilde
Vila
Formosa
Ermelino
Matarazzo
Itaquera
Ponte Rasa
Artur
Alvim
Cidade Lider
Parque do
Carmo
Jose
Bonifacio
Cidade
Tiradentes
Guaianases
Lajeado
Vila Curuca
Itaim Paulista
Jardim
Helena
Sao
M iguel
Vila Jacui
Iguatemi
Sao Rafael
Sao MateusSapopopembaemba
Aricanduva
Sao LucasVila
Pruden teIpiranga
Sacoma
Cursino
Jabaquara
Cidade
Ademar
Pedreira
Cidade D utra
Grajau
Socorro
Camp o
Grande
Santo Amaro
Parelheiros
Marsilac
Jardim A ngela
Jardim
Sao LuisCapao
Redondo
Camp o Limpo
Vila Andrade
Vila Sonia
MorumbiRaposo Tavares
Rio Pequeno Butanta
Jaguare
Vila
Leopoldina
LapaJaragua
Alto de
Pinheiros
Itaim
BibiMoema
Camp o
Belo
Saude
Vila
Mariana
Jardim
PaulistaPinheiros
Perdizes
Barra Funda
Consolacao
Santa
Cecilia
Bela
VistaLib erdade
Cambuci
Bras
PariBom
Retiro
Serepublica
Norway
Norway
Iceland
Iceland
Australia
Australia
SWEDEN
SWEDEN
Netherlands
Japan
Denmark
Finland
FRance
Austria
Austria
New Zealand
germany
spain
spain
Hong kong
Hong kong
singapore
singapore
slovenia
s.Korea
kyrgyztan
Dominican Rep.S. Korea
S.KOrea
Cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
cyprus
Czech
Rep.
Malta
MALTA
MALTA
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
poland
poland
chile
chile
estonia
slovakia
qatar
bahrain
bahrain
croatia
cyprusuruguay
latvia
st kitts
bahamas
bahamas
bahamas
seychelles
seychelles
cuba
cuba
cuba
mexico
bulgaria
Panama
Panama
lybia
lybia
lybia
Malaysia
Malaysia
Russia
mauritius
bosnia
oman
Albania
thailand
venezuela
saudi arabia
ukraine
ukraine
ukraine
ukraine
perukazakhstan
Dominican
republic
China
sri lanka
sri lanka
turkey
bulgaria
Sky high: SWEDEN
Very high: Spain
high: Czech republic
moderately high: mexico
Medium: thailand
Medium to low: kyrgystan
HDI Human development index (2007(
city of sao paulo districts compareddata source: PMSP and IBGE/PNUD 2007
there are no districts that score less than 0.7, therefore no district with low HDI
the lowest HDI index belongs to marsilac (0.701
Sao
Pau
lo
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22.5% middle or high vulnerability (2.5 million people)S
ao
Pau
lo
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Sao
Pau
lo
vo
te d
istr
ibu
tio
n
may
ora
l e
lecti
on
s 2
012
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Sao
Pau
lo
eth
nic
dis
trib
uti
on
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favelaS
ao
Pau
lo
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favela: initial stages
Sao
Pau
lo
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favela: ‘consolidated’
Sao
Pau
lo
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Ocupação clandestina
Sao
Pau
lo
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Ocupação clandestina
Sao
Pau
lo
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Loteamentoirregular
Sao
Pau
lo
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Ocupação as political action
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Civil and political consequences of illegality
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subversion of the rule of law
Pin
he
irin
ho
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Pin
he
irin
ho If housing is a priviledge,
then occupying is a right.
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But how did we get there?
1964
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S. Paulo: Explosive Growth
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Mass
ru
ral
mig
rati
on
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Christian (catholic) Base Communities
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Diretas Ja
Direct Elections Now
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Statute of the City (2001):
37 X ‘right to the city’
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Sao
Pau
lo CDHU Lapa
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Sao
Pau
lo Mutirao: Self Help
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Sao
Pau
lo Mutirao
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Sao
Pau
lo Mutirao
“the medicine against corruption: self-help and self-management”
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Loteamentoirregular
Sao
Pau
lo Projeto Cingapura
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Sao
Pau
lo Projeto Cingapura
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Unified Educational Centres
CEU
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recently
Para
iso
po
lis
Page 108
recently
Para
iso
po
lis
Page 109
recently
He
lio
po
lis
Page 110
recently
He
lio
po
lis
Page 112
Jard
im P
an
tan
al
recently
Page 113
recentlyParq
ue
do
Gato
Page 114
Fave
la d
o M
oin
ho
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Est
aia
din
ha 2
013
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base for the constitution of
legitimate demands
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Integration of the right to the city with urban
development
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role of planning?