–Missouri was to be admitted as a slave- holding state –Maine was to be admitted as a free state –In the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude.

–Missouri was to be admitted as a slave-holding state

–Maine was to be admitted as a free state– In the rest of the Louisiana Territory north

of latitude 3630', slavery was prohibited –House and Senate both refused to accept

compromise, so joint-committee was formed

–Missouri was to be admitted as a slave-holding state

–Maine was to be admitted as a free state– In the rest of the Louisiana Territory north

of latitude 3630', slavery was prohibited –House and Senate both refused to accept

compromise, so joint-committee was formed

Abolitionism: Division and Opposition

Abolitionism: Division and Opposition

What were some of the early political attempts before 1850 that sought to resolve the issue of slavery in the new territories?

-Wilmot Proviso-Popular Sovereignty

-Gag Rule-Free Soil Party

Abolition Movements in the North

What were some of the early political attempts before 1850 that sought to resolve the issue of slavery in the new territories?

-Wilmot Proviso-Popular Sovereignty

-Gag Rule-Free Soil Party

Abolition Movements in the North

• Gag rule was passed in

Congress which nothing

concerning slavery could be

discussed.

• Under the gag rule, anti-slavery

petitions were not read on the floor

of Congress

• The rule was renewed in each

Congress between 1837 and 1839.

• In 1840 the House passed an even

stricter rule, which refused to accept

all anti-slavery petition. On

December 3, 1844, the gag rule was

repealed

• Gag rule was passed in

Congress which nothing

concerning slavery could be

discussed.

• Under the gag rule, anti-slavery

petitions were not read on the floor

of Congress

• The rule was renewed in each

Congress between 1837 and 1839.

• In 1840 the House passed an even

stricter rule, which refused to accept

all anti-slavery petition. On

December 3, 1844, the gag rule was

repealed

Abolitionist Movement• American Colonization Society-1816

– Return black Americans to Africa

• William Lloyd Garrison-The Liberator– Called for an immediate end to slavery

• Frederick Douglass-escaped slavery and joined abolitionist movement– Narrative on the Life of Frederick Douglass

• Black Abolitionists – David Walker: 1829-Appeal to the Colored

Citizens of the World– Sojourner Truth: 1850- The Narrative of

Sojourner Truth

What to the Slave is the 4th of July?

• Use the handout to analyze this speech by Frederick Douglass.

The Underground Railroad “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

“Tracks” ==== routes

“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

“Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

Popular SovereigntyFugitive Slave LawAbolition of Slavery in Washington DCCalifornia Admitted as a Free StateTexas given $10million for disputed territory

Compromise of 1850

• Build a transcontinental RR connecting California to the East Coast either in the South or North

• Stephen Douglas (Ill. Sen.) proposed legislation that Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to slavery in return for building the RR in the North.

• Why did this ruined the Missouri Compromise

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Attacks by free-states

Attacks by pro-slavery states

(Led by John Brown)

• Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of

violence between pro-slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers

(border ruffians).

• First violent outbreaks between

north/south.

• Over 200 killed

• Lecompton was the territorial capital of Kansas- proposed constitution called for slavery

• State congress controlled by slave-owners and population was largely non slave owners

• In 1857- constitution was ratified and voters were allowed to vote for limited or unlimited slavery- most refused to vote

• Buchanan pushed for admittance as a slave state

• Stephen Douglas and his followers broke with democratic party and wouldn’t allow it to happen- never passed

congress

• Put to a new vote in 1858, Kansas voters outlawed slavery

• Kansas entered the union as a free state in 1861

CANE FIGHT!!!• Charles Sumner was a hardcore abolitionist senator from MA

• Enraged by the situation in Bleeding Kansas, he gave a speech on the floor of congress in 1856 called “the crime against Kansas”

• The speech lasted for 2 days

• He called the border ruffians “murderous robbers from Missouri… hirelings, picked from the drunken spew and vomit of an uneasy civilization”

• He then went off on South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler declaring him to be an imbecile and said, "Senator Butler has chosen a mistress. I mean the harlot, slavery."

CANE FIGHT!!!• South Carolina Representative (and Butler’s distant cousin) Preston

Brooks took offense to Sumner’s speech

• Two days after the end of Sumner's speech, Brooks entered the Senate chamber where Sumner was working at his desk. He flatly told Sumner, "You've libeled my state and slandered my white-haired old relative, Senator Butler, and I've come to punish you for it."

• Brooks proceeded to strike Sumner over the head repeatedly with a gold-tipped cane.

• The cane shattered as Brooks rained blow after blow on the hapless Sumner, but Brooks could not be stopped. Only after being physically restrained by others did Brooks end the pummeling.

CANE FIGHT!!!• The House voted to expel Brooks, but it could not amass the votes to

do so.

• Brooks was levied a $300 fine for the assault. He resigned and returned home to South Carolina, seeking the approval of his actions there. South Carolina held events in his honor and reelected him to his House seat.

• Replacement canes were sent to Brooks from all over the south.

• Sumner won reelection of his senate seat but was injured to badly to take it. His seat remained vacant for the duration as a northern reminder of Southern brutality

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

• * Violent abolitionist• Involved Bleeding

Kansas (murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas- hacked to death with swords)

• * Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.

•October 16-18, 1859: Attacked

a U.S. Ammunition

depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct.

of 1859 to capture

weapons and begin his slave

revolt.

• Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee

• Put on trial for treason.

• He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.

• His last words were to this effect:

• “I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this

guilty, land: will never be purged away; but with Blood.”

• He was hanged on December 2, 1859

• Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the

abolitionist cause.• Southerners were terrified that

if John Brown almost got away with this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to end slavery.

• South’s outcome: To leave the U.S. and start their own

country…• Unorganized Southern militia began to become unified….start

of the Confederate Army

• Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.

• His master died and Scott sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he was living in a free state at the time

• Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue• Can a slave sue for his

freedom?• Is a slave property?• Is slavery legal?

• Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott

decision

• North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law• Free states pass

personal liberty laws.

• Republicans claim the decision is not binding

• Southerners call on the North to accept the

decision if the South is to remain in the Union.

•Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property.

•They are not citizens and have

no legal right under the Constitution.•Supreme Court

legalized slavery by saying that

•Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new

territory•Missouri

Compromise and all other compromises

were unconstitutional

Reading/Scott decision

“They had (slaves) for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with

the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no

rights which the white man was bound to respect. This opinion was at that time fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the

white race.”

Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777 to 1864) in the case of

Dred Scott referred to the status of slaves when the Constitution was adopted.

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

• Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.

• The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the

Presidency in 1860.• Slavery was the issue

• Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.

• was against the expansion of slavery• Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by

the people.• Popular sovereignty

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine• At the second debate in Freeport, Illinois, Lincoln

forced Douglas to choose between popular sovereignty and the Dred Scott case, which said slavery could not legally be excluded from any state

• Douglas was forced to admit that popular sovereignty could work against slavery

• Southerners would not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860

• At the second debate in Freeport, Illinois, Lincoln forced Douglas to choose between popular sovereignty and the Dred Scott case, which said slavery could not legally be excluded from any state

• Douglas was forced to admit that popular sovereignty could work against slavery

• Southerners would not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860