Mission Aircrew Mission Aircrew Course Course Chapter 14: Crew Chapter 14: Crew Resources Management Resources Management (Feb 2005) (Feb 2005)
Mar 29, 2015
Mission Aircrew Mission Aircrew CourseCourse
Chapter 14: Crew Chapter 14: Crew Resources Resources
ManagementManagement(Feb 2005)(Feb 2005)
P-2028 DISCUSS CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (S, P)
Aircrew TasksAircrew Tasks
Discuss the fundamentals of Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Discuss failures and error chain. {O; 14.2}Discuss situational awareness. {O; 14.3}Discuss how to regain SA once lost. {14.4}Describe barriers to communications.
{O; 14.5}Define/discuss task saturation. {O; 14.6}Discuss assignments and coordination of
duties. {O; 14.8}
ObjectivesObjectives
Why Why CRM?CRM?
Properly trained aircrew members can collectively perform complex tasks better and make more accurate decisions than the single best performer on the team
An untrained team's overall performance can be significantly worse than the performance of its weakest single member
We will cover behavior and attitudes of teamwork and communication among team members
Why Why CRM?CRM?
CAP 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Aircraft accidents 9 5 6 3 1 Per 100,000 hours 7.79 4.16 4.76 2.34 0.94 A/C flight incidents 28 27 19 12 16
A/C ground incidents 7 8 3 6 8
Fatalities 7 2 3 2 0
Why Why CRM?CRM?
MISHAP 1998 1999 2000 Taxi 9 4 9 Ground 4 6 3 Landing 8 8 10 Other 4 3 2
FailurFailureses
Parts and equipment.
• Mechanical failures
People.
• Human failures
The Error The Error ChainChain
A series of event links that, when considered together, cause a mishap
Should any one of the links be “broken,” then the mishap probably will not occur
It is up to each crewmember to recognize a link and break the error chain
Situational Awareness Situational Awareness (SA)(SA)
Know what is going on around you at all times
Requires:• Good mental health• Good physical health• Attentiveness• Inquisitiveness
Loss of Loss of SASA
Strength of an Idea Hidden agenda Complacency Accommodation Sudden Loss of
Judgement
Symptoms of Loss Symptoms of Loss of SAof SA
Fixation Ambiguity Complacency Euphoria Confusion Distraction Overload
Hazardous Hazardous AttitudesAttitudes
Anti-authority Impulsiveness Invulnerability Macho Resignation Get There It-us
Regaining Regaining SASA
Reduce workload: Suspend the mission.
Reduce threats:•Get away from the ground and other
obstacles (e.g., climb to a safe altitude). •Establish a stable flight profile where you
can safely analyze the situation. Remember: “Aviate, Navigate,
Communicate”
How do we get it How do we get it back?back?
Trust your gut feelings “Time Out,” “Abort,” or “This is
Stupid.”• Pilot establishes aircraft in a safe and stable
configuration, and then discuss the problem
Sterile Cockpit• Limit talk to the minimum necessary for safety.• Taxi, takeoff, departure, low-level flying,
approach, landing
QUESTIONS?
Barriers to Barriers to CommunicationCommunication
Hearing• The biological function of receiving sounds,
converting them to electrical impulses, and having the brain interpret them
Listening• Correctly identifying what the sender has sent in
their message
Barriers to Barriers to CommunicationCommunication
Distracters•Physical/Mental: Noise, static, simultaneous
transmissions; fatigue and stress•Wording: Incomplete or ambiguous
message, too complex or uses unfamiliar terminology
•Personal: Boring, lack of rapport or lack of credibility
Task Task SaturationSaturation
Too much information at one time Too many tasks to accomplish in a
given time
Usually occurs when an individual is confronted with a new or unexpected situation and loses SA
Task Task SaturationSaturation
Keep your workload to an acceptable level
If you feel overwhelmed, tell the others before becoming saturated and losing you situational awareness
Watch your team members for signs of saturation
Identification of Identification of ResourcesResources
External and internal
Identify your resources, know where to find them, and how to use them to accomplish the mission
Assignment of Assignment of DutiesDuties
CAPR 60-3 Flight-related -- aircraft commander Mission-related -- mission
commander
Crew Crew CoordinationCoordination
Understand and execute your assignments
Communicate Question
SummaSummaryry
Pay close attention to all briefings Understand the “big picture” Watch for task overload in yourself
and other crewmembers 67% of air transport accidents occur
during 17% of the flight time - taxi, takeoff, departure, approach and landing. Keep casual conversation and distractions to a minimum during these phases of flight.
Begin critical communications with instructions, then explain
SummaSummaryry
Successful missions hinge on each and every crewmember
Learn how to use the procedures and tools available to you, and use them correctly
Never stop learning Don’t be afraid to ask questions Never criticize someone for asking questions Anyone can call “Time Out,” “Abort,” or “This
is Stupid” Remember that the Mission Pilot must make
the final decision based on the crew’s input.
QuestionsQuestions??