Miss Van Heuven. There are many different types of cells in the human body. None of these cells would function well on their own, they are part of the.

Basic Anatomy:Tissues, Organs, and Systems

Miss Van Heuven

There are many different types of cells in the human body. None of these cells would function well on their own, they are part of the larger organism that is

called --- you.

Tissue

Cells group together to form tissues A collection of similar cells Join together to perform a specific

function

Tissue

Tissues are 60-99% water with various dissolved substances

This water is slightly salty in nature and is called “tissue fluid”

Tissue

Dehydration= when there is an insufficient amount of tissue fluid

Edema= when there is an excess amount of tissue fluid

Dehydration of Tissue

Dehydration consequences: Deterioration of health Decrease in sports performance Depletion of energy Bad Mood!

Dehydration of Tissue

Quick Test: How fast does your skin bounce back?

Dehydration of Tissue

When you don’t get enough water, the effects can be devastating and even fatal!

VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e

1L1jK2N7OAhttp://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8HlsY6TUgk

“Sweat” Online Quiz

Take the following online quiz and see how you do!

http://sportsmedicine.about.com/library/quiz/blquiz2_q1.htm

Tissues

4 primary types of tissue in the human body: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve

Epithelial Tissue

Covers the surface of the body and is main tissue in the skin

Forms the lining of the intestinal, respiratory, circulatory, and urinary tracts

Connective Tissue

Adds support and structure to the body

2 main classifications: Soft Hard

Soft Connective Tissue

Type 1: Adipose (fatty) tissue Stores fat as a food reserve or source of

energy Insulates the body Fills empty areas and acts as padding

Type 2: Fibrous tissue Ligaments and tendons Help hold body structures together

Discussion: Soft Connective Tissue

Many sports require protective padding

Where is our body’s natural protective padding?

Hard Connective Tissue

Cartilage and bone Cartilage = tough, elastic material that

is found in between bones Cartilage acts as a shock absorber

(padding) and allows for flexibility

Hard Connective Tissue

Why is bone considered “connective tissue”?

Activity: Cartilage and Bone Feel and compare the following:

Jaw vs. Ear Cheek Points vs. Nose

Muscle Tissue

Special tissue that can contract and relax

Produces power and action by movement of muscle fibers

Types of Muscle Tissue

There are 3 main types: Skeletal (muscles

attached to bones for body movement)

Cardiac (muscles causing the heart to beat)

Smooth (muscles in the walls of respiratory, digestive, urinary tract, and blood vessels)

Nerve Tissue

Controls and coordinates the body by transmitting messages (electrical signals) throughout the body

Made of special cells called neuronsThe nerves, brains, and spinal cord

are composed of nerve tissue

Activity: Nerve Tissue

Walk around the room…when teacher says “stop” extend your arms and grab 2 shoulders (on different people)

Now let’s see if we can send a message through the entire chain like neurons!

Teacher Slide

Messages to send: “Don’t mess this up (last person in line’s

name)” “Only 5 weeks until Thanksgiving

break!”

Example of All Tissues in Use

You accidentally place your hand on the hot eye of the stove top: Nerve Tissue: sends message to brain

that hand must be quickly removed Muscle Tissue: contracts to make hand

move away from stove Soft Connective Tissue: acts as

padding and prevents deeper damage Epithelial Tissue: damaged skin cells

by extreme heat

Activity: Types of Tissue

Answer the questions by holding up the correct/corresponding number with your fingers 1.) Epithelial Tissue 2.) Connective Tissue 3.) Muscle Tissue 4.) Nerve Tissue

Teacher Slide

Ask the following questions to the class: The lining of your kidney The skin you are touching when you

apply lotion Flexing your huge biceps How messages get sent throughout the

body How your heart beats The bendable part of your ear Your shin bone

Organs

Organ = structure containing at least 2 types of tissue working together for a common purpose

Organs

Largest organ in the human body = SKIN!

3 layers of skin: Epidermis

▪ (Barrier between us and outside world) Dermis

▪ (Has blood vessels and nerves so we can feel things)

Subcutaneous▪ (Cushions the skin and protects us from the

cold)

Organ Systems (aka Body Systems)

A Body System is composed of organs working to accomplish something more complex than what a single organ can do on its own Body System = multiple organs

connected to accomplish a goal together

Organ Systems

11 Major Body Systems: Integumentary Muscular Skeletal Nervous Endocrine Circulatory Immune Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive

Integumentary System

Consists of: Your SKIN!Helps protect your body from

invasionHelps regulate your body

temperature (sweating, shivering, hair growth, etc.)

Muscular System

Produces movementProtects internal organs and bonesProduces body heatMaintains postureConsists of:

Skeletal muscles Smooth muscles Cardiac Muscles

Muscular System

Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles Voluntary = we

control ▪ Skeletal Muscles

▪ Our brain sends messages via our Nervous System

Involuntary = we do not consciously control▪ Cardiac and Smooth

Muscles

Activity: Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles

Wiggle your toes and fingers Kick your legs Squeeze your gluteus muscles 5 times Wiggle your lungs Wiggle your ears Make your heart stop beating Pat your head while rubbing your belly

in a clockwise motion Reverse it!

Muscular System

How do our muscles move??? 1.) Muscles are connected to bones by

tendons 2.) Convert chemical energy into tension 3.) Produce movement simply by

shortening (contraction) and then lengthening (relaxation)

4.) Muscles pull, but they cannot push!

Muscular System

Skeletal System

This is the body’s frame Bones, ligaments, cartilage, tendons Provides support and structure

Helps to protect organs (ex: brain) Stores calcium, phosphorus, and produces blood cells

Skeletal System

2 parts of Skeletal System:

Axial Skeleton▪ Skull, vertebral column, rib cage▪ Protects organs, brain, nervoussystem

Appendicular Skeleton▪ Upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic girdle▪ Makes motion possible

Skeletal System: Video Clip

The Skeletal System:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8

d-RBe8JBVs**(Pause after 1:20)**

What we would look like if we had no bones:

http://www.imdb.com/video/hulu/vi1186202393/

Nervous System

Coordinates and controls body activities

Sends electrical signals through body

Nervous System

Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal

cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Connects the CNS to

the rest of the body▪ Allows for motion and

sensation

Nervous System: Activity

Activity: 2 volunteers 1 student will be the “dummy” Teacher = Central Nervous System

(creating messages to be delivered) Other student = Peripheral Nervous

System (receiving messages and carrying them out in the body)

Teacher Slide

(Student) wakes up in the morning and starts to walk to school

(Student) looks at his/her watch and realizes he/she is late! So they he/she starts to run

(Student) hears his/her favorite song playing from Miss V’s Jeep….so he/she starts to dance

(Student) starts to eat his/her cali burrito while dancing

(Student) see a hot boy/girl passing and gives him/her his/her sexy pose

Nervous System

VIDEOSSchool House Rock!:http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivk_irrH1WY

Short Lecture:http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4PPZCLnVkA

Endocrine System

Produces and secretes hormones to regulate body processes

Endocrine System

Glands = group of cells that secrete (give off) chemicals

Hormones: Regulate mood, growth, and

development Allow reproductive processes Control metabolism

Endocrine System

Major parts: Hypothalamus Pineal Body Pituitary Thyroid and

Parathyroid Pancreas Adrenal Reproductive

(Testes or Ovaries)

Endocrine System: Assignment

Go to the following website:http://kidshealth.org/teen/

your_body/body_basics/endocrine.html#

1.) List each part of the Endocrine System

2.) Define where it is found in the body

3.) Describe it’s function (Ex: Hypothalamus = Found in the lower central part of

the brain, this portion of the Endocrine System is responsible for….)

Circulatory System

A.K.A: Cardiovascular System

Consists of: Heart and blood

vessels (Includes arteries

and veins) A pumping heart

forces blood to move in a circle throughout the system

Circulatory System

Blood: About 55% plasma

▪ (fluid containing water, proteins, sugar, hormones, etc.)

Carries oxygen and nutrients to entire body

Carries waste products away from cells

Helps produce cells to fight infection

Has clotting agents

Circulatory System

Our bodies actually have 2 Circulatory Systems: Systemic

▪ Carries oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the body

▪ Returns deoxygenated blood back to heart Pulmonary

▪ Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs

▪ Returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart

Circulatory System Activity

Let’s exercise our Circulatory System!

Resting Heart RateHeart Rate after 30 sec. of light

exerciseWhat a difference!

Circulatory System: VIDEOS

(Lecture Clip)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o

E8tGkP5_tcBest Song Ever!https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L

qhvmUEdOYY

Circulatory System

**We will cover anatomy of the heart and circulatory system in our next unit**

Respiratory System

Breathes in oxygenEliminates carbon dioxide

Respiratory System

Primary function = supply blood with oxygen that will be delivered to all parts of body

Consists of: Nose and mouth Trachea/Throat Bronchi Alveoli Lungs

Respiratory Activity

Paper ball raceEach side of the room will pick one

person to represent their teamThe 2 elected representatives will

race to blow a paper ball from one end of the table to the other

Respiratory System

**We will go over the Respiratory System more in the next lessons **

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A

Song that will get stuck in your head!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4zOXOM6wgE

Respiratory System: Online Assignment

Go to the following website:http://www.lung.org/your-lungs/how-l

ungs-work/

Click on each part of the Respiratory System

Record each part in your notebooks and it’s role in the Respiratory System

Lymphatic System

Consists of: Lymph nodes Lymph vessels Bone marrow Spleen Thymus

Lymphatic System

Filters lymph Lymph = white watery fluid that is

removed from blood during “cleaning process”

Collects and transfers fluids and plasma back into bloodstream

Assists with fighting infection

Lymphatic System

Example: Doing the dishes

Lymphatic System

Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K

h-XdNnTZUo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTXTDqvPnRk

Immune System

Works with Lymphatic System

Our body’s defense system against disease and infection

Immune System

3 types of responses to danger (in the order they occur): Anatomic response

▪ Physically prevents substances from entering body▪ Ex: skin, stomach acid, membrane around organs, etc.

Inflammatory system▪ Pushes the invaders out of your body

▪ Ex: sneeze, cough, runny nose, fever, swelling

Immune response▪ White blood cells fight infection

▪ Works with Lymphatic System to filter out bacteria/infection

Immune System

Leukocytes (White blood cells) = our soldiers that fight the “bad guys”

White blood cells made by bone marrow

Immune System: Activity

1 volunteer will fight off invading bacteria

Then 5/more volunteers will join powers to fight off that same bacteria

The system is strong: white blood cells, anatomic response, inflammatory response, etc.

Immune System: VIDEOS

Artistic Tutorialhttps://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nw27_jMWw10

Child cartoonhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

WJEc2GDEfz8

Digestive System

Digests food (physically and chemically)

Transports food Absorbs nutrients

and converts to energy

Eliminates waste

Digestive System

Food’s path: Saliva and teeth

slightly break down food

Esophagus = stretchy 10 inch pipe connecting back of throat to stomach

Epiglottis = flap that covers your windpipe

Stomach = shaped like letter “J” stores and breaks food down into liquid

Digestive System

And the path continues: Small Intestine: NOT

SMALL! (Adult = 22 ft when stretched out)

Extracts good stuff from food with help from Liver, Pancreas, and Gall Bladder

Nutrients then go to Liver and are mixed into blood

Waste moves on to Large Intestine

Digestive System

And continues…. Large Intestine is fatter,

but not longer than the small intestine

Appendix = at the end, but no real function

Colon = last chance to absorb nutrients (including H20)

So material becomes hard… i.e: poop!

Exits via the Rectum and finally the Anus

Digestive System

Video: http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1q2srfUU0g

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7xKYNz9AS0

Urinary System

Filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body

Produces and eliminates urine

Urinary System

You drink…you pee… but it is more complex than that: **Kidneys: filter waste from blood and

produce urine Ureters = 2 thin tubes that take urine

from kidneys to Bladder Bladder = a sac that holds urine until it

is time to go Urethra = a tube that carries urine out

of the body

Urinary System

Urinary System: Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd1wrTgE

Reproductive System

Provides for reproductionDifferent for males and females

Reproductive System

Main male parts: Testes (where sperm are produced) and

Penis Vas deferens (tube) carries semen (fluid

containing sperm) into abdominal cavity and then out of the ejaculatory duct

Main female parts: Vagina, uterus (receptacle for semen),

and ovaries (produce the ova) Vagina is attached to uterus by cervix Uterus is attached to ovaries by fallopian

tubes

Reproductive System

Fertilization = 2 types of sex cells (gametes) meet in the female reproductive organ: Sperm (male) and

Egg/Ovum (female)

Sperm combines with egg cell

Characteristics passed onto offspring through genes