Top Banner

of 61

Mısır Yetiştiriciliği, Hastalıklar ve Zararlıları ()

Apr 06, 2018

Download

Documents

Levent KIRCA
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    1/61

    Hbsb{ $ ?$ V `jfsjf{bcfb fm fFM F

    "$?F

    $ ""FFb&%&&;/ b (S

    3

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    2/61

    HFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    FCFDG@LFB@[?$ blbfh Fsw`lb`{f =;$ Hfshd M`bfs{d` Gkd`hb`{f 53$ Wiq{ol Eohbbmb ?;7$ Wiq{ol fsw`lb`{f ?:0$ H{s{{ @lfhf ?=:$ Mpk{`b`{d` ?5=$ S`v{`bwh` Z` Coqoboho ?65$ Spboho ;16$ Vokodcf Iw Hpcog`b`sf ;1?1$ Eosow Z` Eo{hod ;???$ HFSF[-GO ^O[O[BF SIC@LB@[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;3

    ??(? Si~lp{wbo{$$$$$ ;3??(; Godokp{dp$$ ;0??(3 W`blp{wbod$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;=??(7 H{s{{ Hovhpdcpmp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;6??(0 _f~mfbf Voq{ollp{gp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 31??(: Hws{{ Voq{ol Lp{wbod$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3;??(= H{s{{ Limodlp{gp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 37??(5 Hbsb{lp{gp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3:

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    3/61

    `bJ?( b @MFWFHS@[FSF6 R

    ??(6 V`tfblp{w$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 36??(?1 H{sf{go Qohpl Voq{ollp{gp < "$$$ 7???(?? We{fqsb`{$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 73??(?; L{{{h~f I{phc`lb`{$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 77??(?3 Voq{ol Kfwb`{f >$$$$$$$$ 70??(?7 Qfs Lilpbp V`sfb KIc`l$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7=??(?0 Voq{ol Qf{`b`{f$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 75

    ?;$ HFSF[ EOSWOBbLBO[F >$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 75?;(? Hfsb { [oswbmb$$$$$ 75?;(; H{sw{ wieph mp{plbpmp$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 01?;(3 H{s{{ Wieph" L:l" Lilkio~f z` Soq vp{plbpmp 0?

    ?3$ HFSF[ WO[BOBO[FDGO VOKODCF IWBO[$$$$$$$$$$$$ 07?3$? HPCOG@B@SF

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    4/61

    WF[FCFBfMF

    ?$ fLBfH fSW@LB@[fSfcolelHfs { { wfqfl kf{ sw`ol flbfh kfwlfsfgf{$ @d pvmpd cfhb`d{d` s{colb{l fsw`mf

    /5 C -fd pswIdg`gf{$?0 C -dfd obwfdgolf s{colb{lbo{ fbl kpvp{d`vb vozosboww{(mbdgod z`{fhg` k`bf{mfd gpspsb`{` d`g`d ibp{$ @d pvmpd kpvph` sfcole(mb ;0(31 C- b`{ o{oshgogf{$ Cfl{swod w`q` qpslpbP z`{fdc`v` g`l `c`dsp{`g`lf s{colel" kpvp{d` sP{`sfdfd k`bf{b`dh`sfdg` `wlfbfgf{$ _blb fb` w`(q` z`{h`sf o{osfdgolf sp{`$ibph z` eosow wo{fefdf k`bf{b`v`d kf{ wolwi{gp{"Kp d`g`db`< ;?(;0 C W`hhp~ ovw sfcolel i{wobohosf ibod kkbm`b`{g`god` {{psf{ P{`wfhf vipdgp{"

    HFSf{ kfwlfsfdfd k`bf{wfb`d kp s{colb fl g`{`c`b {fdg` fvf `bfs{d` mksw`{ (kfbh`sfdfd fbl lispbp fs` d`h wolwi{pdpd v`w`{bf ib{dosfg{{$ Osh sw`ol z`lp{olbflbo{go w`q` qPslIFIcodeb{w{p lovk`g`{" wi~bodho ibho~$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    5/61

    C F J W c b @ M FW F H S @ [ FS > $ > Y F > ( 6 > >Y ( t " $ ( ( ( B t t t Y

    Hfs{{ fcbd pvmpd ibod flbfhf k`bf{b`v`d jolwi{b`{g`d kf{fg` vombtwb{$ Vo(mfth hflwo{f" `lfh idc`sf z` v`wfs{d` gid`hfdg`lf gombbbtb" kfwlfdfd m`bft(h`sfdf z` z`{f hfdf id`{dbf ibcpg` `wlfb`{$

    M`d`b ibo{ol {{pshd sp bewfvocf Fo~bog{{$ C`sfw" wiq{ol voq{sf z` eozoso{wboddo kombb ibo{ol v`wfs{d` sp{`sf kivpdco wiqboh 711(:11 hh spvo$ fewfvoc gpvholwog{{$ Fbl `bfs{d` gid`{dbdg` gpspl ibod sp fsw`mf" voq{olvp~`vfdfd o{whos> fb` mfg`{`l o{wholwo" voq{ol vp~`vfdfd $holsfhphopbos{doshgod sid{o kf{ ovbNl sp{`g` kfwlfdfd wp{d voso{{p kivpdco wpl`w(wfmf spvpd vods{{p lpbbodholwogf{$ Kf{ koslo g`vfsb` qpslpb cflo{{do id(c`sf fb` spw ibph gid`{dfdg` {{psf{ `d jo~bo spvo fewfvoc gpvholwog{{$ Kpg`z{`g` v`w`{bf vombt vilso hpwbolo spboho voqwb {dob{g{{ $ Lp{ol `mfbfhfibod kib`b`{g` kfwlfdfd fbl `bfs{d` gid`{dfdg` HoVbs ov{ & vombth o~ib{dosf fsw`d`d gp{phgp{$ Kp gp{ph lilpd g`{fd` mfwh`sfdf w`szfl `g`{$H{s{{ `{l`d gid`hb`{g` g{`doXf fvf ibhovod wiq{olbo{go jo~bo spgod ~o({o{ mi{p{$

    Hfs{{ kfwlfsf ?tbmo`d jo~bo ibphbp c`zoq z`{`d kfwlfb`{g`d kf{fgf{$ Mib(m`v` cil eossoswf{$ Kp eossosfv`wf goeo cil w`q` qpslpbp ibpsp{d gid`(hf idc`sfdg` l`dgfdf isw`{f{$

    ;$ HFSF[FD M@Bf'H@ IID@HB@[fH{sw{ wod{{pdgo m`{`lbf bsb`{db`{f ~o{do{pdgo z` m`{`lwfmf mfkf voqholgibovfs{vbo vpls`l z`{fh sobo{dol fcbd kfwlfdfd `bfsh` g`z{`b`{fdf z` kp

    g`z{`b`{g`lf fewfvocbod{p kfbh`l idc`bflb` id`{dbfcf{$;$? @lfh( `blb/9 Gid`{db@lfh voq{bgflwod sid{o cf{db`dh`fcfd m`{`lbf so{wbo{ kpbpdpdco idc`

    lilcpl "goeo sid{o sp{pd z` m`mfcf lilb`{ h`vgodo m`bf{$ Z`{fhf `wlf(F

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    6/61

    8888t88888tY$+$$"$$Y$$+++""""""""$YH

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    7/61

    w licod pcpdgolf gibb`d{d` ibso kfb` god` `bfs`h`~$

    ;$7 bod` Ibpsp{d Gid`hfGibb`d{d` ibgplwod kf{loc {((YY($((( tYYY$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

    mpd sid{o licod qpslpbpdpdsib{dos> z` loez`{`dmfd` gi(dps{d`sbdg`d koslo e`{eodmfkf{ g`fs{d` i{pb{d`~" Limodkpvp{d`v` g`zoh `g`{$ ^o(hodfo m`bft`d wod`b`{ sp goh(bocflbod mfkf mi{pdp{$ Kpdgod

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    8/61

    HFSF[ V@WFtWf[FCFBFMF

    sid{olf flf eojwo fcfdg` wod`b`{ cil bp~e m`bftf{ z` o{wfl kfwlfdfd olwfzfw`sfk`sfd g`qibohovo vid`bflwf{$

    ;$0 Wod`dfd Ifmpdbo/9hosb z` Lp{phosfWi~boshogo volbosfl flf ov sid{o {{psf{ wod`sf m`d`bbflb` pbosokfb`c`(mf `d vpls`l lp{p omb{bbmb lo~o{p{$ Kp g`z{` jf~vibinfl ibpdbosho g`z{`(sf ibo{ol lokpb `gfbf{$ Kp gid`hg` kfwlf `d vpls`l wiqboh lp{p hogg`hflwoddo pbos{{$ Df(soswo g`qiwod{dosf wo(ho{dbodhco wod`b`{goeo s`{wb`s{d`v`kosbo{$ Vp{dpsol eo(hp{ gid`{dfdg`d s`{weohp{ gp{phpdo m`(c`{" H{sf{go ibpdbos({do{pd gfm`{ kf{ is(w`{m`sf g` sfvoe dil(wogf{$ Kp dilwo wp{d wo(d`b`{fd pcpdo volfdkf{ obo{p loqbo{$ Wod`(vf p~pdwo{dosho(l`swb(mfhf~g` z`vo w { {do{({{p~bo wod`dfd pcpdpsbVb{gbmbhb~go sfvoewokolo mi{pb`kfbf{$

    Sfvoe wokolo{pdibps{dosf kf~` k`sfdhogg`b`{fdfd wod`v`wosh{dosf{pd gp{gp(mpdp fjog` `g`{$ Kf{

    ??

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    9/61

    6? JW6? @MFWFH S @[ bsb (6(+Flico{pd ibpdbosw{> licod i{woshgolf wod`b`{fd `d o~ %=0-fdfd sfvoe wo(

    $ kolovo soefq ibgppdgo lokpb `gfbf{$3$WIQ[Of2 EO^F[BFMF $Mpdp{dp~g` {{psf{ kfw( "$$$$(((

    lfsfdg` wiq{ol fsb`{d` sfs(w`hb`{f jo{le kfcfhb`{g` vo( $tt/j$b$-f{Oft

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    10/61

    HFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    3$?$ Hbsb{ P{`wfhfdg` Wiq{ol bsb`h` H`wiwbod3$?t?$M`b`d`ls`b Wiq{ol bsb`{d`>I v sojeogod h`vgodo m`bf{$Kf{fdcf wiq{ol fsb`h`> Sid(

    koeo{ z`vo idc`sb kfwlfdfd doso( $g{dgod sid{o kfwlfdfd lobod l{(sfhfod qo{cobo{pq z` wiq {omo mi(hpb{d`sf s`lbfdg` voq{e{$ Kp ft(b`hg`m`d`bbflb`(qpbbpl lpbbo{pbf{$Omb{ wiq{olbo{go kp fsb`{d `{l`dsidkoeo{go g`{fd" eojfj wiq{olbo{( ttfftfffc Wiq({ol fsb`{d`dwd `sos jidlsfvidbo(ddgod kb{b wiephbodd loqod{dosffcfd wieph vowo{hd eo~f{bodho( ?>

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    11/61

    6 ?JW6 ? @M FWFH s s o w s w 6

    lo{i " lpbwfzowi{ z`vo wf{{{pl lpb(bo{pbo{ol voqfe{$ Wiq{o{d vp~`(vf wi~ eobfd` m`wf{fbh`bf lpcpl l`(s`lb`{ eobfdg` kf{olwb{doeg{{$Kivb` eo~f{bodod wieph vowolbo(d libovbflbo lovhol kobo{do~" spvpd wiq {omo dpwp~ `wh`sf goeo fvfgf{$

    Wiq{omh vp~`vf wi~ eobbd`m`wf{fbh`bf lptpll`s`lb`{eobfdg` k{{ol{bhoeg{{"

    3$?$;$ Odf I{wpbp HobtH`wigp >M`b`d`ls`b wiq{ol fsb`h`dfd `sosfh w`slfb `g`d kfwlf o{w{lbo{{{pd z`

    vokodcf iwbodd wohoh`d i{dpb{d`sf fsb`{df `{i~vido d`g`d ibgppdgod`{i~vidpd q{ikb`h ibgpp obodbo{go w`{l `gfbh`v` kosbod{{psw{{$Kpdpd v`{fd` lpbwp{ kfwlfsf z`vo kfwlf o{w{lbod wiq{ol vp~`vfd` k{{ol{(

    bo{ol i{wpbp hob` sfsw`hf ogf z`{fb`d wiq{ol fsb`h` h`wigp pvmpbodhovokosbod{hsw{ { $

    G`~ozodwonbod fs` wiq{ol sfcole{{p o~obw{{$ Kfwlf o{w{lboddgo qo{co(

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    12/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM F

    bod{do o~obf{ z` kfwlfb`{fd v`df `bfs{d` g`z{`sfdg` kpvp{d`vb `wlfb`{$ Kph`wig fcfd `bfswf{fb{dfs i~`b ob`w z` `lfqhod h`zcpwwp{$

    3$?$3$ Hfdfhph Wiq{ol bsb`h` >C`lf mpcp kpvpl w{olwi{b` si~ lidpsp lihkfd` ob`wb`{` hfk~`{fd g`fboz`sf fb` kf{ g`jogo kf{loc fsb`{d voq{bokfb{d`lw`gf{$ M`d`bbflb` idg`lf ob`w

    ibo{ol wo{bo wb{hbmb" vove lpbwfzowi{ z$s$ lpbbo{pb{dolwog{{$ Ovh cow{vo kom(bod{{ps o{logolf ob`w fs` m`d`bbflb` koswhcf" qo{cobov{cf ibo{ol i{`z vo(qod" jo{lbf voq{golf h`{god`b`{ z`vo gid`{ w{{{{plbo{ ibholwog{{" Lp{olkib`b`{g` {{ps{{ fcfd wieph vowomb eo~{{ bo{dogo id`{fb`d ob`wb`{ idg` w{{({{pl" sid{o koswhcf h`{god` z` o{logo go qo{cobovfcf gid`{ w{{h{l `l( $bfgf{$

    3$?$7$ Wiq{ol f"b`h`sf~ Sfsw`h >Kp sfsw`h wiephpd k{{ol{bocof z` loqow{bokfb`c`l logo{ kf{ vodl

    h`vgodo m`wf{fb`{`l ki~pb{do{hs wiq {omo `lfh s`lbf ibo{ol wo{phbodokbbf{$

    ?0

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    13/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ FS F (6 (

    Wo{bogolf vokodcw iwbodd" fboc fb` vil `gfbh`sf m`{`lh`lw`gf{$Kp sfsw`hg` `lfhg` wieph {dflwod{pd kf{o~ jo~bo wpwpbhob{g{{$ Kfwlf

    lil sfsw`hfdf goeo {oeow coesw{{{dol fcfd goeo `{l`d g`z{`g` o{o coqos>z` spboho voq{ bhoegw{ $

    7$ Wiq{ol fsw`lb`{f$ I~`bbflb` lfbbf wiq{olbo{go g{`don cil :d`hbfgf{$ S`{fd z` d`hbf k:bm`(

    b`{g` eojfj wiq{olbo{ fvf sp `cf{h`b`{f z` cokpl {sh{doboddgod gibovf omb{ $-wiq{olbo{god goeo pvmpdgp{$

    H{sf{ kfwlfsfdfd `bfsf{dfeojfj osfw z`vo diw{ ibod wiq( Hbsb{ kfwlfsfdfd m bftfhfeojfj{olbo{go goeo fvf ibholwo( osfw z`vo diw{ ibod wiq{olbo{goi{{$ Hfs{{ wp~bpbpo lo{sw goeo fvf ibholwogf{"cfhb`dh` g:d`hfdg` 1?(gplco govo{pleg{{" Odcol wp~bpbppd o{w{dosf cfhb`dh`vf m`cflwf{f{$ Kp(dpdbo k`{ok`{ {{ps{{ wp~o z` wp~bp spboho spvpdo eossoswf{$

    0$ HFSF[ @LfHf0$?$ @lfh ^ohod/K:?m`dfd flbf{d z` wiq{ol lispbboddo mi{` s`cf{df voq{ bhosw m`{`l`d

    51(?71 mpd o{oshgo ibpdbos{do sp{`sf ibod h`b`~ {{psf{ wiephbplbod`bwswf{ b b{dbswf{$ @lfhg` pvmpd ibod `d `{l`d wo{fk s`cfbh`bfgf{$

    @d pvmpd `lfh ~o{do{p{{psf{ `lfb`d kIbm`b`{` m:{`g`fsf{$ M`d`b `lfh ~ohod F?1 Dfsod(?0 Hov{s ibo{ol

    M`d`b `lfh ~ohoh ?1 Dfsod(?0HoVbs$ibo{ol sivb`v`kfbf{f~$s:vb`v`kfbf{f~$ Lo{og`df~ k:?m`sfdg` Hov{s ov{dh fbl vodshgo" Ho{ho({o k:?m`sfdg` ?0 Dfsod(?0 Hovfs" @m` z` Olg`df~ g` odo p{pd fcbd Dfsodov{{pd fbl vods{" FF$ P{pd fcfds` kpgov eosoghgod siho vodf" Eo~f{o{pd

    ?:

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    14/61

    H FS F[ V @WF'WF[ FC fB FM ft88t88888888((((((8888((((((tt ttt(flfd`f vodsf `d fvf `lfh ~o{dodbo{fg{{$

    @d fvf `lfh ~ohod F wiq{ol {s {sho mi{` k bf{b d`d ~o{dodg{{ $ Wiq{olFSFSF ?1G` obw{dgo fs` {{psf{ cf{db`d`{d`~$ H{s{ {go `lfh g`{fdbfmf" `lfh ~o({do{p z` wiq{o{d d`hf fb` fbmfbfgf{$ H{s { { fcfd pvmpd`lfh g`{fdbfmf 0(5 `hgf{$ Eojfj wiq{olbo{go : `h" goeo omb{ wiq{olbo{go 7 `h bfl `lfh g`{fdbffpvmpdgp{$ Cil `{l`d `lfhb`{g` `lfh g`{fdbfmf ?(; `h goeo vp~b`l voqfb(hob{g{{$

    0$; @lfh G`{fdbfmfHfshd `lfh g`{fdbff ibgplco eossos kf{ lidpgp{$ Di{hob {{psf{ p{`(

    wfhf voq{bod kib`b`{g` v`w`{f logo{ {pwpk`wf z` s{colew ibod wiq{olwo z`pvmpd `lfh ~o{do{pdgo 0 `h `lfh g`{fdbff fg`obgf{$ Q`l cil mfjwvf v`w`{flogo{ {pwpk`w ibso kfb` di{hobg`d `d o~ ;$0 `h goeo g`{fd` vodf =$0 `hg`{fd` `lfh voqo{bo{$ Kivb` gp{phbo{go `lfhg`d e`h`d sid{o h`vgodom`b`d kf{ vombth ibpswp{gpp lovholwokolosfh lf{hol z`vo wieph vowo{d(golf {pwpk`wfd {dpeowo~osho vo{g{h `w(h`l fcfd `lfhg`d kf{ lov mpd sid{owiq{ol vp~`vf ; `h g`{fdbffdg`lf wf{({hlbo w{{{{plbodhoegw{$ Ww{h{lbo fsb`{dfwiq{ol vp~`vfdg` {pwpk`wfd o~ ibgppmpdpd m`m soowb`{fdg` vodf olso{dogi{p voq{b{dob{g{{$ Kivb``` wiq{ohl`s`lb`dh`sf z` {pwpk`w lovk> id b`d({dfs ibp{$Wf{{{plbo{do ~ohod F cil l{fwfl(wf{$V`df cfhb`d`d wiq{olobww jfg`b`{fd`~o{o{ z`{h`v```l gid`{dg` wf{{{plbo{dovoq{ bhoeg{{ $

    Cil `{l`d `lfhb`{g`"`lfh g`{fdbff?(; `h goeo vp~b`l voqfb{doeg{{$Cpdlp

    ?=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    15/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ bsb (6 (

    kivb` gp{phbo{go wiq {om Fd ;"0 fb` 0 `h Hbsb{ m`d`bbflb` ; fb` ="0g`{fdbffdg`lf s{colb{l" ="0 z`vo goeo `h g`{fdbfm` `lfbf{$g`{fdg`lf sfcolelwod goeo vIls`lwf{$@lfb`d wiephpd `w{ojhgolf wiq{ol spvpdpd gp{php {{psf{ I{`wf`fsfdf"

    wiq{ol sfcole> logo{ z`vo goeo jo~bo fbmfb`dgf{f{$ Kpdo mi{` I{`wf`f `lfhg`{fdbbfd` z` wiq{ol lispbpdo wiephpd sp obhp{p o{whcw z` wiq{ol vI(~Idg`d sp lovkh F o~obw{cf vidg` g`mf6wf{`kfbf{$ H{s{{ m`d`bbflb` ; fb` ="0`h g`{fdbf` `lfbf{$ Wiq{ol vI~`vf lp{p z` sfcolbbmf vIls`ls` goeo g`{f(d` g` `lfb`kfbf{$ I{d`fd< lp{p wiq{olbo{go wiephpd {pwpk`wbf kf{ i{wohok{{ol{dol fCfd lfbbf wiq{olbo{go ="0(5"0 `h" lphbp wiq{olbo{go 5(?1 `h g`({fdbfm` logo{ `lfh voq{bokfbf{"

    0$3$ @lfh SblembH{s{{go z`{fh qiwodsfv`bf kf{fh obodgolf kfwlf sov{sf fb` volhgod fbmf(

    bfgf{$ Kp d`g`db` s{{o o{os> z` sf{o p~`{b h`soj` I~`{fdg` gp{pbhosw m`({`l`d id`hbb kf{ lidpgp{$ M`d`b kf{ kol{s fb` {{psf{ `lfhfdg` sf{o o{osf 01(?11 `h o{osfdgo ibokfbf{$ Kpdpdbo k`{ok`{ {{ps{{go `d pvmpd kfwlf sblbbmbibo{ol w`l kf{ id`{fg` kpbpdpboho~$ Lpbbo{pbocol wieph hflwoddgo `soseosow ~o{do{pdgo volbosfl :111 ( =111 kfwlf ibhoeg{{$

    Hfshd hfk~`{ fb` `lfhfdg` m`d`b ibo{ol ?"0 ( 3 lm wieph lpbbo({pbholwog{{$

    :$ MPK[@B@H@Hbsb{o o~iwbp mpk{`dfd vodsb fb` jisji{bp mpk{`dfd wo{do{h `lfh(

    g`d idc` z`vo `lfh fb` kf{bflw` z`{bb{d`bbgb{" O~iwpd vodsw jisji{bp mIk({` fb` kf{bflw` `lfhg`" gfm`{ vodsf go kfwlf 01(:1 `h ibgpmpdgo flf qo{coeobfdg` z`{fbh`bfgf{$ O~iwpd flfd`f vodsf flfd`f coqo fsb`{df fb` kf{bflw` pvmp(bod{doeg{{$ Spbp so{wbo{go v`wbswf{fb`d {{ps{{go fs` ;$ MIk{`b`h`g`dsid{ospboho voqhol `d fg`ob pvpbo{dog{{$ Jisji{bp z` qiwosvphbp mIk{`b`{`lfhb` kf{bflw` kf{ g`jogo pvpbo{p{$ R

    ?5

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    16/61

    H F S F [ V @ W F ' W F [ f C F B F M F

    Wod{dsob O{osw{{{do @dswfwPb`{f wo{ojhgod vp{pwpb`d o{oswf{ho(bo{go {hsf{go ?5(;7 lm)go D" =(6 lm)go Q;10 lpbbodhodh `lidihfliqwfhph z`{fh sombogbmb mi{pbhpbbwp{$

    Ovdco eosow sid{osf hfs{{ kfwlfsf o{w{lbod{pd qo{cobodo{ol wiq{oolodswhb{dosf E`gidph` ="0 lm o~iw" 3 lm wiswi{" ?: lm qiwosvph" :"0 lmlobsfvph" 3"0 lm {domd`~vph lo~odgw{g{ f k`bf{b`d{dfswf{$

    =$ S@V[@B WH@ Z@ COQOBOHO$ S`v{`bwh`< {{ps{{ ?1(?0 `h logo{ ibgpp ~ohod g`lo{go fsw`d`d kfw(

    ( lf sov{sf{p kf{ol{dol fvfd voq{bod fsb`{dgf{$ M`d`b ibo{ol s`v{`bwh`g`dsid{o fbl coqo fsb`hf voq{b{dolwog{{$

    Fbl coqo m`d`bbflb` `b E`voqfe{$ Iw gp{phpdo kombb ibholbo k`{ok`{wo~` kfwlfv` ~o{o{ z`{h`g`d vp~`vs`b voq{b{doeg{{$ blfdcf voqo `b z`voholfd` fb` kfwlfb`{ gf~ kivp ibgplbod gkd`hg` 71(01 `h& flfd`f pk{`b`(h` fsb`{df fb` kf{bflw` voq{b f { $ O~iwbp pk{`dfd flfd`f vod pvpbo{dos{&$ M`({`l`d kkbm`b`{g` fs` kio~ gibgp{pbp{ z` o{ghgod spboho voq{e{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    17/61

    5$ SPBOHOHbsb{ `d sw`ol h`zsfhg` v`wftwfmf fcfd jo~bo {dflwo{go spvo m`{`lsfdfh

    gpvo{Spboho ^ohodbodt Kf{fdcf o{o coqos w z` s`v{`bwh`g`d sid{o kfwlf kivp ?1(?0 ch 1 ? (

    gpmpdgot Isw mIk{`b`h`g`d sid{o 71(01 ch fl`d& t W`q` qIslIFIc{lo{{dogod idc` ? eojwo" ?1m1d&t SIw ibph gid`{dfdg` ibhol p~`{` go{w og`w z`{f{df `wlfb`v`d spbo(

    ho q`{vigp zo{g{{$6$ VOKODCF IW HICOG@B@SFVokodcf iwbodd {{psf{ fb` {`lok`wf sp" ?tblz` k`sfd hogg`b`{f vidpd(

    g` ib{dolwog{{$ H{s w { `bfsh`sfdfd fbl ?1 mIdIdg` vokodcf iwbo{bo {`lok`(w` kosbo{$ 31(30 mId sid{o fs` vokodcf iwbo{god goeo o~ `wlfb`df{$Vokod(Cbiw lidw{ib {d`wiwbo{hh koshgo lpbwp{`X hIcog`b` z` lfhvosob hIcog`(F` m`bf{$ Kpdpdbo kf{bflw` vokodcf iw lidw{ibIdg` lpbbo{pbod gfm`{ ko~> h`(wiwbo{ h`zcpwwp{$ Vokodcw iwfo{bo lpbwp{`b hIcog`b` g`dfbfdc` `d id`{dbflidpbo{ `lfh dik`wf" wiq{o> fsb`{d`g` lpbbo{pbod ob`w(`lfq{dod z` kpdbo(dd lpbbo{p{d sovwsf" `lfh h`wigp" `lfh s`lbf z` sid ibo{ol go kp lpbwp{`bftb`hb`{b` vokodcf iw bbocw lpbbo{p{{pg{{$

    :$?$ @lfh dik`wbdbd vokodcf iw lidw{ibPd` `wlfsf>Pvmpd kf{ `lfh dik`wf sfsw`hfvb` vokodcf iw lidw{ibplibovbos{{ z`pcp~o hob ibp{$ I~`bbflb` ov{p wo{bovo ovd{ kfwlfvf z`vo ov{p kfwlf m{pkp `lf(b`c`l ibp{so" kpdbo{ k`bbf vokodcw `wbod lidw{ib `g`{ oho gfm`{b`{fdfd g`o{w{dosho f~fd z`{f{$

    :$;$ Sp{phpd vokodc{ iw lidw{iwpd` `wlfsf>

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    18/61

    tFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    Vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sbdg` sp{p{d bsb`{df i~`bbflb` lidw{ibp ~i{ ibodvokodcf iwbo{ fcfd cd`{dbbgf{$ _IdlIvobd{~ kosfdo vokodcf iw fbocf lpbbo{pb($ gbmbdgo kp wfq vokodcf iwpd woho{{pd{d vil ib{dosfdo v`w`{bf g`mfbgf{$ Fvfkf{ sp{ph z` vokodcf iw f bocw lihkfdosvidp" vokodcf iw hIcog`b`sfdg`gteo `wlfbf ibp{$ SI{Ih ov{p ~ohodgo {hs f { mfkf s{{ovo `lfb`d kfwlfb`{g`lf$ cil v{bb{l vokodcw iwbodd lidw{ibIt` g` vo{gfh `g`{$

    :$3$ O~obdb{h` wiq{ol fb`h`vb` `lfb`d h{sf{ kfwlf(sfdg` vokodcf iw lidw{ibP>

    Kf{ VFF bc`{bsfdg` wiq{ow kf{loc g`jo qpbbplbo sp{p{d bsb`{df" vokodcw iwlidw{ibIdg` cil `wlfbf ibp{$ Odcol qpbbplbo sp{p{d jo~bo hflwo{go vol{w wi(l`wfhfdf m`{`lwf{f{$ O~obw{b{{ps sp{p{d sfsw`hf fb` `lfb`d {{ps{{ wo{bobo{{dgoi~`bbflb` w`l v{bel vokodcf iwbodd libovelbo lidw{ib `gbb`kfb`c`fi{wovolid{dpswp{"

    :$7$ Lb{dvosob hIcog`b`>Vokodcf iw hIcog`b`sfdg`" vokodcf iwpd c`sfgfdbd$ gim{p ibo{ol k`(

    bf{b`dh`sf cil id`{dbfgf{$ Pvmpboho ~o{do{p ocfshgod go vokodcw iw fboc(Fod mblbt idc`sf z` mblbt sid{osf ibhol p~`{` g` wo{leelbo{ wos{{dolwog{{$_blb idc`sf H`wibicebo{" Ow{o~fd`" mblbt sid{osf fs` Oc`wicebo{" DfcisIF(jp{id mfkf w`{lfqbf bbocbo{ {hsf{ I{`wfh obodboddgo vovm{d ibo{ol lpbbo{pb({dolwog{{$

    Eosow licod lozp~bo{{dh lp{p(vpq wod` {pwpk`wfdfd %31 -pd obw{dogpswplw`d sid{o voq{bokfbf{$ -Eozo li(spbwod pvmpd fs` eosogw m`cflwf{h`lwod`g`lf {pwpk`wfd gII{Ibh`sf kolf({dhgod fsw`df{$ Eosow kfc`{ giz`{b`

    ?1$ EOSOW Z@ EO[HOD

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    19/61

    C < > fJ W C < >? @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F ( 6 (

    voqfbocolso {pwpk`wfd %;0 gibovboddgo ib{dosf `d fg`ob ~ohod ibo{ol lo(kpb `gfb`kfbf{$ Eosow `bb` z`vo holfd` fb` voqbbokfbh`lw`gf{$ Hbsb{ wod` ibo({ol g`qibodg{{dgo wod` {pwpk`wfdfd% ?7- pd obw{dgo ib{dosw m`{`lf{$

    Eosog{d m`cflwf{fbh`sf l`sfdbflb`id`{fbh`h`lw`gf{$ H{sf{ eosogf vp{gp(hp~go kbc`{ giz`{b` voq{bokfb{d`lw`(gf{$

    M`d`bfflb` w{olwi{pd vod z`vo o{(losho kobodod licod wiqbov{cw {{ps{{eosow {dolfdobod{pd vo{d sf{o m`+bf6hf6lico{p wiqbov{q lozp~bo{f{p i~`b sivp(cp vkdw`hb`{b` sivgplwod sid{o l`dgfp~`{fdg` kpbpdod iwihowfl kisobw{dog`qiboddo licodbod kisobwokfb`d {do(lfdobo{ pdp{dp~g` {d`zcpwwp{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    20/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM F

    ?? HFSF[-GO ^O[O[BF KIC@LB@[ ( $

    '`lfb ?$ Ki~lp{w vphp{wosb" bo{zos{" qpqosf z` `{mfdf %l`b`k`mf&

    " R H{sf{go id`hbf ~o{o{e kic`lb`{ osofgolf mfkf sf{obodokfbb{ $$R ??(? KI^LP[WBO[F Wo{p{{p

    n-F N n- & Ki~lp{wbo{" Wf{qod Lp{gp" Lo{olp{w" L`s`m`d z`vo L`sfcf Lp{wbo{ ibo(t {olgo kfbfdh`lw`gf{$ @{mfdb`{f m{f z` sfvoe {`dlw` kf{ l`b`k`lwf{ '`lfb ?&$Ibmpd bo{zobod 7(0 `h kivpdgo `sh`{ m{f {`dlw` z` l{beg{{$ Bo{zobo{o gi(lpdpdco l{zdb{q eoblo kbcfhfdw oe{bo{$ Vphp{wobod qo{bol" lf{bf k`vo~{`dlw` z` psww`d kos{l lp{` s`lbfdg`gf{$

    Eovow C`hk`{fKi~lp{w l`b`k`lb`{f m`d`bbflb` `{l`d Fblkoeo{go" vp{dp{wobod{p w`l w`l

    z`vo lpcpl m{pqbo{ eobfdg` {{psf{ `lfhfdg`d idc` wo{bogolf go{ z` `dfs;3

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    21/61

    `bJW`b @M FWFH S@[ FS F (6 (

    voq{ole vokodcf iwbo{o" kfwlf o{w{lbo{fdo z`vo {{psf{ kfwlfsfdfd mkzg` z`voq{olbod{pd obw vp~`vfd` z`vo wiq{ol vp~pd` k{{ol{{bo{$ Vp{dp{wogod `b(lod bo{zobo{" eozo{pd s{colbfl z` {pwpk`wfd` kombb ibo{ol vo~ ovboddgo ;1(;0 mpdg` `bfs{d`sfdf wohohbo{$ bo{zobo{" m`c`b`{ k`sb`df{" pdgp~ fs`l`swflb`{f kfwlfdfd lil kkbm-`sfdg`" wiq{ol fcfdg` mf~b`df{b`{$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{"wiq{ol fcfdg` qpqo ibpq" sid{o l`b`k`l ibp{bo{$ S`d`g` 7(0 d`sfb z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ '`lbffI~`bbflb` kf{fdcf p{pd h{sf{go ~o{o{e ibod Ki~lp{wbo{" jfg` gkd`hfdg`

    ~o{o{ voqo{$M`d` bo{zobo{ @{l`d gkd`h bo{zobo{&" jfg` gkd`hfdg`lf ;t: Voq{ol(

    FF& {{p s{{ kfwlfb`{fdfd voq{olbod fb` k`sb`df{" mkzg`g` lp`pl ivpl oco{ z`vokfwlfdfd lkl kio~{{d" wiq{ol vp~`vfd` volh v`{g`d l`s`{`l" lp{p{doshoz` kbh`sfd` s`k`q ibp{bo{'`lfb ;&$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{ bb`{f gkd`h bo{zobo{&"ko~`d wiq{ol pswp l{s{hbod{p go l`sh`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ z`{f{b`{ S`lfb ;&$Bo{zobo{ goeo ~fvog` m`c` k`sb`dh` joobfv`wf mksw`{f{b`{$ ^o{o{ mk{hp'wo{bobo{go kpvpl kisbplbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{'`lfb 3&$ Ko~`d wo{bo{pd v`df(

    b9`lfb ;$ Ki~lp{w bo{zos{" wiq{ol vp~`vfd` volh ocwbh{s ivpl" v`dflvoq{ol z`$psw l{s{h l`sfl kfwlf $ $;7

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    22/61

    HFSFJf V @ W F t W f [ f C F B F M f

    Fg`d `lfbh`sfd` s`k`q ibp{bo{$Wiq{ol d`hf z` wo{bo{pd iwbp ibhos> ~o{o{ g`{```sfdf `wlfb`{$ bblkoeo(jfd s`{fd z` vomb?F m`mh`sf eobfdg` vipdbpl z` ~o{o{ g`{```sf o{wo{$ Kp(wpd kib`b {f{df~g` vov{dg{{ $

    t`lfb 3$ Ki~lp{w ~o{od mi{hp b< b wo {boHpcog`b`sfSi~lp{w hpcog`b`sfdg`" wiq{ol fsb`{d` z` coqobo{do mfkf lpbwp{`b w`g(

    kf{b`{ vo{pdgo lfhvosob hpcog`b` g` voq{bholwog{{$ Lfhvosob hpcog`b`"`lfh o{pdgo +Wieph bbocbo{dos{+ z`vo +Vp~`v bbocbohos{+ s`lbfdg` voqf(FF{$

    @{mfdb`{f ibgplco f{f z` p~pd voq{e" 7(0 `h logo{ kivgo" `s{d`{ z`vo

    ??(; GODOKP[DPWoh{h

    ;0

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    23/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ bs b (6(

    livp loez`{`dmf i{pdpsw`gf{$ Id kocolbod loed" lpzz`wbf z` lo~{cw wfq(w`gf{ Isw lodowbod l{so vpzo{bolco" sovgoh z` `sh`{ {`dlw`gf{$ Obw lodow(Fod sovgoh" p~pd z` v`bqo~` mfkf l`dgf p~`{b`{fd` lowbod{{ps ibpq zpcpwkivpdco p~o{p{ z` pcbod o{logod flf lpv{pl mfkf so{lo{$ S`lfb 7 &$

    Eovow C`hk`{fbblkoeo{go wiq{ol s {c olb{ {dh o {w{d os {v bo kf{bflw` Godokp{dp `{mfd z`

    dfhjb`{f olwfj gp{pho `c`{b`{$ C`sfwbf kkc`lb`{b` z` kfwlfb`{fd wiq{ol obwfkibp{db`{f fb` k`sb`dh`v` kosbo{bo{$ Hov {s z`vo eo~f{od ovhgo gfsfb`{ wiq({ol fcfdg` ibpswp{gplbod kf{loc vpzovo vp{dp{wobod{p k{{ol{{bo{$ Vphp{wo(bo{ ;(3 eojwogo ocfb{{ z` dfhjb`{ cflo{" Sidkoeo{-go wiq{o{d g`{fdbflb`{fd`fd`{`l lfsbohovo c`lfbf{b`{" Flf s`d`g` kf{ gib z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfGodokp{dp" {{ps{dd kf{ wiq{ol obd ~o{o{w{s{g{{$ Jfg` gkd`hfdg` ~o{o{

    voqo{$ Wiq{ol fc`{bsfdg` mob`{f oco{l`d {oswbogflbod kfwlfb`{fd wiq{ol obdkibp{db`{fdf woe{fq `g`{ z` `dc kfwlfb`{f l`s`{$ Vipd ibgplbod v`{b`{g`"{{psf{ wo{boboddgo v`{ v`{ kisbplbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{$ Ki~lp{w ~o{oddgod jo{(

    ' `lfb 7$ H bs b{ k fwlfs fd g` g od okp{d p `{m fd f z` {hsf{ j fg`sfdg` lilb {g`lb ~o{od"

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    24/61

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    25/61

    6 ? J W 6 ? @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F (6 (

    Eovow t`lbfW`blp{wbod{pd `{mfdb`{f" vp{dp{wobod{p fblkoeo{god kosbovo{ol w`h(

    hp~ ov{do logo{ iwbp obod bo{o" wiq{ofd ?1(?0 ch g`{fdbfbd` w`l w`l z`(vo 31(71-bbl lph`b`{ eobfdg` k{{olf{$ Vphp{wogod volbosfl flf eojwogo 6 ? (lod bo{zobo{" kpbpdgplbod v`{g`lf kfwlfb`{fd fdc` lilb`{f fb` e`h`d k`sb`d(h`v` kosbo{ z` `bfs{d`b`{wdf wp{b`{` kombf ibo{ol 7(: v{bgo wohohbo{ z``{mfd ibp{bo{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfW`b lp{wboddgo `sos ~o{od" wiq{ol obwhgo vosovod bo{zob od voqo{$Bo{zobo{" `lfbhfs {{psf{ wiep{dbod{p woe{fq `g`{" v`df cflod kfwlfdfd wiq{ol

    obd i{modboddo sobgh{" fdc` ibod {hsf{ lilb`{fdf liqod{" loed lilb`{g`fs` wiq {omo volh odo m:zg` fcfdg` ivplbo{ oco{ol k`sb`df{$ ^o{o{ mi{`dkfwlfb`{ lp{p{$ Simpl z` vombt?f fblkoeo{go ~o{o{ o{wo{$ W`blp{wbod{pd cilkpbos{l ibgpp wo{bobo{go %51 -fd p~`{fdg` kf{ ~o{o{ h`vgodo m`bf{ z` wo{(bogo kpvpl kisbplbo{ ibpsp{"

    ' lfb :$ W blp{gp bo{zos{" {{psf{ jfg sfdg lf z` wo{bogolf ~o{odHpcog`b`sfW`blp{wbod fb` hpcog`b`g`" vfd` lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ koswo m`bh`lw`gf{$

    Vo~ z`vo lbt wiq{ol fsb`{d`sf" soq o{w{lbod{pd i{wogod lobghb{dosw z` wiq({omb woh givp{od kf{ spbohogo w`blp{wwod{p ibgp{h` kolw{{pdgod `wlfbfgf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    26/61

    @lfhg`d idc`" voqfbod sov{{d sidpcpdgo lfhvosob {dpcog`b`v` lo{o{z`{fbf{" wiephbo{ `lfh o{pdgo fbocbodo{ol `lfbf{$

    ??(7 HFSF[ HOVHPDCPMPWo{p{{p@{mfdb`{f lhlodowe" ei{wphbp kf{ kic`l ibod {{psf{ {dov{dpdcpp" qo{(

    bol sfvoe {`dlw`gf{$ Ko~`d m{f z`vo wiq{ol {`dmfdg` mi{pdI{b`{'`lfb =&$Bo{zobod" sodhsf k`vo~ {`dlw` z` lfzdl kfcf{dg`gf{$ Vp{dp{wobod izobgf{$

    Eovow C`hk`{fHo{w ovw kosbo{hgo mi{pbh`v` kosbovod `{mfdb`{" vp{dp{wobod{p df(so{f-god w`hhp~-o logo{ wiq{oh fcbd` w`l w`l z`vo m{pqbo{ eobfdg` k{{o(

    lf{bo{$ Vphp{wogod c{lod bo{zobo{ lilb`{b` k`sb`df{b`{$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{ wiq({olwo qpqo ibp{bo{ $$@vbIF ovhgo `{mfdb`{ mi{IFI{z` lbt?wiq{olwo m`mf{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbf@{mfdb`{" wiq{ol vp~pd` v`df cflod {{ps{{bodd ;(3 voq{ole gid`{dfd(

    g`" voq{olbod wfqfl ibo{ol vod{d ov s`lbfdg` liqo{o{ol v`h`l S`lfb9 & z`kpvp{d` lidfb`{fdf l`sh`l sp{`wfvb` id`{dbf ~o{o{bo{o d`g`d ibp{bo{$ Hfs{ {

    /9`lfb=$ Hbsb{ hovhpdcpp `{mfdf z` voq{olwolf ~o{od

    ;6

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    27/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ bsb 6

    jfg`b`{fdg` `bfs{d` fb`{b`gflm` ~o{o{ o~obf{$ ^o{o{b{{pd jo~bo ibgpp wo{bo(bo{go ~o{do{pdgo m`{`lbf idb`{db`{ oed{do~so" wo{bo{pd v`dfg`d `lfbh`sfz`vo kis lobhosf si~ lidpspgp{$ H{sf{ {dov{dpdcpp Bo{zobod kfwlf lil(b`{fvb` g` k`sb`df{b`{$ Jolow kp ~o{o{ id`{dbf g`mfbgf{$ @m`" Ho{ho{o z`Lo{og`df~ Kib`sf-dfd kpwpd fbb`{fdg` vovmh ibod kp ~o{o{e i~`bbflb` Soh(spd fbfdg` goeo vipdgp{$

    Hpcog`b`sfH{s { { {dovhpdcpp fb` hpcog`b`" vp~`v z` wieph f bocbo{dosw s`lbfd(

    g` voqfbod lfhvosob {dpcog`b`gf{$ Kfwlf" wiq{ol vp~pd` 6?l?q"~o{o{ idbb(h`v` kosbog{hgo" voqfbod sov{h sidpcpdgo "vp~`v fbocbo{dosf voq{e{"Wieph fbocbohos{" ~o{o{bfdh e`{ VFF vipd ibgpmp obodbo{go pvpbo{p{$

    ??(0 Cf^MFBf VOQ[OLLP[GPWo{p{hL`b`k`lb`{f m`d`b ibo{ol m{f(loez` z` lp{spdf(loez` {`dfdg`gf{$ Id

    F31 /9`lfb 5$ Cf~mfbf Voq{ollp{gp `{mfdb`{f $

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    28/61

    H FS F[ V @WF'W F[ FC fB FM F

    lodowbo{go kf{f k:k{`l gfm`{f gof{` s`lbbdg` ibod" m:~b` i{pb`kfb`d flf loe(z`{`dmf b`l` fb` libovco wod{{p{$ Lodowbodd `w{oj livp loez`{`dmf socol(b{g{{$ Gftf l`b`k`lb`{" `{l`lb`{` do~o{od goeo f{f voqfe z` goeo livp {`dl(bfgf{'`lfb 5&$ Bo{zo {`dlb`{f k`sb`dgflb`{f kfwlfv` mi{` g`mftflbfl m:sw`{f{ z`v`sfb" v`sfbfhsb sod z` loez`{`dmfhsf ibokfff{b`{ws`lfb 5&$ Qpqobod l{~{e{d(Sb loez`{`dmf z` vphp{wobod fdcf wod`sf i{pdp{dpdg` z` p~`{f lf{bf k`vo~{`dlw` wPvb`{b` i{wpbp" lp{d`b`{ eobfdg`" {hsf{ voq{of{pd obw z` psw vp~`(vfdg` kpbpdp{'`lfb 5&$_f~mfbf voq{ol lp{gp" vp{gphp~pd kf{ cil v:{`sfd(g` kpbpdp{$

    Eovow C`hk`{f_f~mfbf Voq{ollp{gp lbt? qpqo eobfdg` m`vf{f{$ Dfsod sidboddo gi{p

    l`b`k`lb`{f mi{pbp{$ L`b`k`lb`{ m`c`b`vfd pcpsp{bo{" Vphp{wobod{d {{ps{{kfwlfdsfd voq{olbod{pd obw z`vo psw vp~pd` lp{d`b`{ eobfdg` k{{ol{{bo{$ Vp(hp{wobo{god 3(: mpdg`vblod bo{zobo{ kpbpdgplbod kfwlfg` k`sb`d`{`l" ?1(30 pdg` m`bf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    29/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH s s o w s > 6

    3;

    go{do{bod{p k{{ol{{bo{$ Voq{olwolf ~o{od hpdwo~oh l`do{e kpvpl g`bflb`{t`lbfdg`gf{'`lfb 6&$ Goeo fb`{flf gid`{db`{g` fs` voq{oh wo{do{h{p vfvfqkfwf{f{b`{$ ^o{o{" goeo 61l {{pshd ;(: voq{ole jfg` gid`hfdg` h`vgodom`bf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfKp ~o{o{e{pd giogo q`l 61l giob gpsho{d h`zcpwwp{$ ^o{o{e{pd

    vip{{ ibgpp wo{bobo{go lfhvosob {dpcog`b` voq{e{ $ Lfhvosob {dpcog`b (v` m`d6 bo{zobo{ mi{pbgpmpdg` voq{fod sov{{d sidp`pdgo fbocbo{dovo m`(cfbf{$ bbocbo{do vp~`v fbocbohosf s`lbbdg` voq{e{$

    ??(: HFSF[ VOQ[OL LP[WBO[FWo{d{hL`b`k`lb`{f qo{bol sod {`dlw`" id lodowbo{" sod{dsw loez`" h`wobfl

    kol{{ {`dmfdg`" o{lo lodowbo{ lf{bf m{f {`dlw`gf{$ Ibmpd bo{zobo{" 3 (3$0 `h

    b9`lfF?1$ {hsf{ voq{ollpfgp {mfdf" vphp{wo lph`sb" bo{zos> z` qpq`sf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    30/61

    H F S F[ V @W FJ F[ bc bB FM F

    kivpdgo" m`d`bg` wiq{ol {`dmfdg`" sod{ds f q`hk`" v`sfbfhsf" l{{{d{~{hs>loez`{`dmf" Zpcpw p~`{fdg` fdc`" m{f(q`hk` vf~mfb`{ p~o{p{$Vp{dp{wobo{voq{olbodd obw vp~pdgs odo goho{ p~`{fdg` wiqbp eobg` sodhw{ol k`vo~{`dlw`gf{'`lfb ?1&$ $

    Eovow C`hk`{fM`bfsh`sfdf wohohbovod bo{zobo{ qpqo ibp{$ LFtF" sid gid`{d bo{zo

    z`vo qpqo eobfdg` m`6f{f{$ L`b`k`lb`{" flbfh` mi{`" dfsod({dov{s ovboddgoi{pdp{b`{$ L`b`k`lb`{" oboco lo{odbblwo z` m`c`b`{f pcpsp{bo{$ L`b`k`lb`{cflw{lwod kf{loc mpd sid{o cbjwb`sf{ z` vphp{wobod{p voq{ol pc lfs{{pdo"lp{d`b`{ eobfdg`" kf{loc gp~fd` ibo{ol kf{ol{{ z` ]vb`{f fb` mf~b`{b`{$ Vp(hp{wobo{ 5(?1 mpdg` oc{e{ z` bo{zobo{ cflo{$ Bo{zobo{ 31 pdg` m`bfth`sf(df wohohbovo{ol qpqo ibp{bo{$ Qpqogod ;(3 eojwo sid{o l`b`k`lb`{ cflo{$V{bgo 3 gib z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfBo{zobo{" m`d`bbflb` hfshd e`b`~id gid`{db`{fdg`" h`{l`~f voq{ol(

    bo{go z` fb`{f gid`{db`{g` gfm`{ wo~` voq{olbo{bo k`sb`d`{`l" ~o{o{ voqo{(bo{$ Kfwlfdfd fb`{f `bfs{d` gid`{dw`{fdg`" w`q` qpslpbp" licod qpslpbp z`spw ibph gid`{db`{fdg` g` licodgo ~o{o{ voqokfbf{b`{$ Voq{olbo{golf ~o({o{ s`lbf" voq{olbodd l`do{bo{god fc` gi{p v`dh`sf fb` lo{olw`{fswflwf{$Bo{zobodd jo~bo ibgpp wo{bobo{go {hs{{ voq{olbod sog`c` goho{bo{godfko{`w lobb{'`lfb ??&$

    b9 lfb ??$Hbsb{ Voq{ol lp{gp bo{zos{" kfwlf z` wo{bogolf ~o{od33

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    31/61

    /< FJW /

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    32/61

    HFSF[ V @ W f t W f [ f C f B f M f

    Eovow C`hk`{fLFF ibmpd bo{zo eobfdg` wo{bogolf o{w{lbo{ z` eosow `gfb`d kfwlf soqbo(

    d fcfdg` `cf{`d H{s{{ Licodlp{gp" fblkoeo{o gi{p qpqo ibp{$ Qpqogodm`d`b ibo{ol kkbm`b`{` mk{` Folb> ibhol p~`{` ho{w sidp z` dfsod koswo(ddgo l b`k`lb { c{lo{$ Cfjwb`s`d gfsfb`{ vp{dp{wobod{p voq{ol l{{p{pd fm vI(~pd` lIh`b`{ eobfdg` livo{bo{$ Vphp{wogod cflod bo{zobo{ e`b`~id gk(d`hb`{fdg` h`{l`~f voq{olbo{ fcfd` z` fb`{flf `bfs{d` gkd`hb`{fdg` soqz` licod fc`{fsfd` mf{`{`l k`sb`df{$ M`bfs{d`sfdf wohohbovod bo{zobo{" m`(d`bg` kpbpdgplbod v`{g` ko~`d g` g{sodgo odo mkzg` I~`{fdg` i{gplb`({f om fcfdg` qpqo ibp{bo{$ Qpqogod kf{ sp{` sid{o l`b`k`lb`{ c{lo{$ S`d`(g` 3(7 d`sfb z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfH{s{ { Licodlp{gp" {{pshd odo ~o{o{es{g{{$ b$o{zobod" h{sf{ kfwlfsfdfd

    `dc jfg` gkd`hfdg`d kosbovo{ol voq{ol" mkzg` z` licodgo ~o{o{ vo(qo{bo{$ Voq{olwolf ~o{od goeo cil h`{l`~f voq{olbo{go ibp{ z` v`dflw`dg bov> voq{olbo{go lo{s{b{le g`bflb`{ ibpsp{$ Kp" H{s w { Licodlp{gp-dpd wf(qfl kf{ ~o{o{ s`lbfgf{$ Mkzg` z` lccodgo fs`" mob`{f wpd`b& oc{dol z` mf{(gfmf g`bflb`{g`d g{slfbod{p cflo{hol" licodgolf wod`b`{f vfv`{`l woe{fq `w(

    t`lfb?3$ Hbsb{ Licodlp{gp-dpd licod z` mizg`g`lf ~o{od

    30

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    33/61

    tFJWtF @M b{bH S @[ FS F (6 (

    h`l" izg`vf o_wbmb mob`{fb`{b` ivhol z` f_fdf kisobwhol sp{`wfvb`$ ~o{o{z`{f{ S`lfb ?3& " Ovdco" licodgo oc{bod g`bflb`{g`d mf{`d hodwo{ z` kol(w`{fb`{" wod`b`{g` flfdcf g`{`c`g` ~o{o{o s`k`q ibp{bo{$ Jolow kp ~o{o{ go"fdsod sombbmb kolfhhgod cil id`{dbfgf{$ Hpcog`b` voq{b{do~so z`{fh z`lobfw` gps`{" H{s{{ Licodlp{gp" @m`" Ho{ho{o" Mpd`vgip z` Olg`df~Kcb`b {f-dg` vovhgf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfWokfowwo {{psf{ licodlp{gp vphp{wobod{p z` bo{zobod{d vfv`d z` ibgp(

    {`d kf{cil gimob gpsho{p zo{g{{" L`dgfbfmfdg`d ibod kp hpcog`b`v` 11(mob Kfvibinfl Hpcog`b` g`dfbh`lw`gf{$ Ovdco" H{sf{ Licodlp{gp hpcog`(b`sfdg` idc`bflb` lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{` kos zp{pbhoeg{{$ Lfhvosob {dpcog`b`"kf{fdcf p{pd {{psf{go fbl kpbos{dobodd % 0 ibgpp wo{bofo{go kosboh{ z`flfdcf p{pd {{ps{{gofs` voqfbod lidw{ibb`{g` kf{ vphp{wo qol`wf mi{pbgpmppdb`{g` kosbo{p{ z` `{`lwff wolwf{g` lpbbo{pbod fbocbo{h `wlf sp{`b`{fd`mi{` ?1(?0 pdg` kf{ ibhol p~`{` kf{ s`~idgo gp{pho mi{`" `{`lwffd(g` ;(3 l`{` li{pvpcp fbocbo{do voq{b{{"

    S`l`{ {{psh" qowbol hfs{{" fdsodbo{ fcfd wo~` wpl`wf{d o{docf fb` `lfb`d{{psf{bo{go kfwlfdfd i~spvpdo lodsod fbocbo{ lpbbo{pb{do{doe" eovzod v`hfibo{ol `lfb`d sfbonbbl h{s{{bo{go fs` lfhvosob {dpcog`b` voq{bho{doeg{{$

    ??(5 HFSF[LP[GPWo{p{hH{s{{lp{gp" l`b`k`lb`{fdfd zpcpwbod sod qpbbo{bo loqbfg{{$ Gfsfb`{fd lo(

    dowbod oc{l sod {`dlw` z` ~fm ~om g`s`db`{ o~ k`bf{mfdgf{$ @{l`lb`{g` {`dl -z` ~fm(~om g`t`db`{ goeo livp z` cil k`bf{mfdgf{$ Bo{zobo{" sod{dsw z`vosod{dsf loez`{`dmf ibpq zpcpw p~`{b`{fdg` loez`{`dmf dilwobo{ zo{gf{ z`k`d`lbf i{pdp{b`{$ Vphp{wobod lp{d`b`{ eobfdg`" kw{ol{bg{> ~ohod k`vo~liqpl z`vo spw go{dbos{bkbgw{ z` koel qpbp z`vo lf{`hfw gf~fbftf mfkf pswpsw` gf~fbfgf{$Qo{o~fwf vphp{wobod sfvoewb{'`lfb ?7&$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    34/61

    H F S F [ V @ W F W F [ F C F B F M F

    + /9`lfF?7$ Hbsb{ lp{gp gftfz` `{l`l `{mfdb`{f" voq{ol obw vff~pdg` wo~`vphp{wo lp{d`sb" kpvpwPbhpteobf"qo{o~fwbf vphp{wo lp{d`sb" z` qpqosfEovow C`ht {fLFF ibmpd bo{zo eobfdg` wo{bogolf o{wflbo{ z` eosow `gfb`d kfwlf soqbo(

    d fcfdg` m`mf{`d H{sf{lp{gp" fblkoeo{o gi{p qpqo ibp{$ M`d`b ibo{ol ho(VFSFd flfdcf vodshgo qpqogod `{mfdb`{ c{lo{ z` vp{dp{wobod{p voq{oh obwvp~pd` lIh`b`{ eobfdg`" lf{`hfw gf~fbfs> z`vo kob{l qpbp mfkf psw psw` gf~fbfs`lfbg` livo{bo{$ Vphp{wogod c{lod bo{zobo{ kf{ sp{` vphp{wo lokpp p~`({fdg` k`sb`dgflw`d sid{o" e`b`~id voq{olbo{" soq z` licod fc`{fsfd` mf{`{(b`{$ M`bfs{d`sfdf wohohbovod bo{zobo{ qpqo ibp{$ Qpqogod l`b`k`lb`{ c{(lo{$ Kib`b`{` mi{` s`d`g` ;(7 d`sfb z`{f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ '`lbfKf{fdcf z` flfdcf p{pd {{psf{go odo ~o{o{eg{{" H{sf{lp{gp bo{zobod kfw(

    lfdfd `{l`d e`b`~id gid`hb`{fdg` h`{l`~f voq{olbo{go k`sb`dh`l" g`bfl(

    3=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    35/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F ( 6 (

    b`{ oc{dol" izg`g` g`bfl z` mob`{fb`{ oc{dol z` fb`{f `bfs{d` gid`{db`{fd(g` w`q` qpslpbpdg`lf `{l`l i{modbo{go z` licodbo{go k`sb`dh`l sp{`(wfvb` woe{fq `wh`l z` kfwlfdfd ~ovfj gps{d`sfd`" izg` z` lico{pd lhb{do(s{do z` gibovfswvbo p{pd lovkho s`k`q ibp{bo{ S`lfb ?0&$ Ovdco" oc{bodg`bflb`{g`d hodwo{ z` kolw`{fb`{fd mf{`{`l wod`b`{fd flfdcf g`{`c`g` jolow"fdsod sombbmb oc{sfdgod cil id`{dbb ~o{o{bo{ i{h`sfd` s`k`q ibp{bo{$ HF(s{{lp{gp Lo{og`df~" Ho{ho{o" @m` z` Olg`df~ Kib`b`{f-dg` vovhgf{$

    '`lfF?0$ Hbsb{lp{gp bo{zosf{p voq{ol" mizg` z` wo{bogolf ~o{odHpcog`b`sfH{sf{lp{gp fb` kfvibinfl hpcog`b` f{dlo{p kpbpdholwogf{$Kpdpd fcfd

    cil lpcpl kf{ odc{l p{`wfbbq kpbos{l wo{bovo sobh{dolwo z` % ?II-` vol{dkosod sobod{dolwog{{$Pbl`{df~g` kp fhlod zo{g{{$ Kpdpd g{shgo ~o{o{(bfdfd {dpcog`b`sfdg`" lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{` kos zp{pb{dob{g{{$ Lfhvosob {dpco(g`b`v` `d sid kos zp{pb{dob{g{{$ Kpdpd fcfd" kf{fdcf p{pd {{psf{go fbl kp(boshobodd % 0 ibgpp wo{bobo{go kosbo{p{ z` flfdcf p{pd {{ps{{go fs` kf{ vp(

    5

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    36/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM f

    hp{wo qol`wf mi{IbgImImIdb`{g` kosbo{p{ z` `{`lwffdg` ;(3 l`{` li{p(vp`p fbocbo{do voq{bf{$

    '`l`{ {{psh" qowbol {{psf{" fdsodbo{ fvfd wo~` wIl`wfh o{docf fb` `lfb`d{{psf{bo{go sfsw`hfl Kfwlf i~ spvpdo lodsod& bbocbo{ lpbbod{b{do{doe" eov(zod v`hf ibo{ol `lfb`d sfbonb{l {{ps{{bo{go lfhvosob hI`og`b` voq{bho{do(b{gf{$

    ??(6 V@tfBLP[WWo{p{{p@{l`l l`b`k`lb`{fd id lodowbod {fhsf(v`sfb" v`sfbfhsf g`z`wIvI z`vo~`vwfd v`tfbf {`dlw`gf{$ Gfsfdfd id lodowbod fs` wp{pd`p(loez`{`dmf" l{{{{p(

    ~w{ds{(loez`{`df z`vo wpmbo l{{{{p~{sf {`dlw`gf{$ V`sfblp{w l b`k`lb {fdfdid lodowbod I~`{fdg` kf{f kik{`l gfm`{f gof{` s`lbfdg` flf b`l` kpbpdhol(wog{{$Vp{dp{wobod Isww`d kosfl lI{` s`lbfdg`" sibpl k`vo~" sodhsf v`sfb{`dlw`gf{$Vphp{wo {`dmf ocfb{dovo volh livpbosf{ z` vphp{wo p~`{fdg``dfd` kf{ kodw ibpsp{ Bo{zo vphp{wogod fbl vblwbmhgo s`jwow" sibpl m{fh(sf v`sfb {`dlw`gf{$ Sid gid`h bo{zo v`sfb" loez`{`dmf z`vo wp{pd`p {`dmfdg`mftfl widboddgog{{$ Ibmpd bo{zo 3(7 `h kivgog{{$ Qpqo l{{{{p~whsw loe(z`{`dmfgf{ '`lfb ?0" ?:&$

    /9`lfF?0$ V sbblp{w `{l`l(gbsb l b`k`mf" vphp{wosb

    36

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    37/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ bs b (6(

    Eovow C`hk`{fLFtF qpqo eobfdg` `cf{`d V`sfblp{w l`b`k`lb`{f" dfsod koshgod fwfko(

    {`d pcpsp{bo{$ L`b`k`lb`{ m`d`bbflb` m`c` olwfj ibpq 2fjwb`th`z` vphp{w(boho m`c` ibp{$ Gbsf" Vp{dp{wobod{p mkzg`" voq{ol" licod qpslpbb`{f z` `{(l`l i{modbo{ p~`{fd` w`l w`l z`vo kf{locf kf{ o{ogo k{{ol{{bo{$ Vphp{wogodcflod bo{zobo{ kfwlfdfd psw voq{olbod fb` k`sb`df{" sid{o p{`{d` i{modboddom`2`{`lk`sb`dh`b`{fdf sp{gp{p{b`{$ Bo{zobo{" vo~ ovbo{fdgo ?1(?0 pdg``bfsh`sfdb $woho{dbo{ z` wiq{olwo qpqo ibp{$ Qpqogod 6(?; pdg` l`b`(k`l cflo{" Kf{ gkbpdp vo~ ovbo{fdgo ;0(30 pdg` wohohbo{ z` vfbgo 3(0$ gib z`{f{$ Cplp{izo kkbm`sfdg` {{psf{go kf{(flf gib z`{f{$

    ^o{o{ '`lbfV`sfb lp{w bo{zobod" `{l`l i{modbo{ p~`{fdg` z` `sos ibo{ol licod

    fc`{bsfdg` k`sb`df{b`{$ Ko~`d h`{l`~f voq{olbo{ fc`{fsfdg` g` k`sb`df{b`{$

    '`lfF?:$ Vosbblp{w bo{zosw" h{s{{ lico{pdgo" wo~` {{ps{{ voq{ombdgolf~o{od z` licodgolb mf{ft g`bfmf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    38/61

    HFSF[ V @ W F t W F [ F C F B F M F

    Limod qIslIbb`{fdf l`s`{`l gibb`dh`v` `dm`b ibod bo{zobo{ licodbodds`v{`l wod`bf ib{dosho s`k`q ibp{bo{$ Bo{zobo{" licod fc`{bsbd` m`d`bg`lico{pd psw p`pdpd kf{loc `h oso{sfdgod ocwflbod g`bflb`{g`d mf{`{(b`{'`lfF?:&$ Kp V`sfblp{w-pd wfqfl kf{ i~`bbfmfgf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfGiogo kf{ wol{{d gimob gps{dodbod h`z`pwwp{$ Iimob gpshodbodd

    kib ibgpp wo{bobo{go hI`og`b`v` m`{`l vilwp{$V`sfblp{w- bo hI`og`b`g`"idc`bflb` eosowwod sid{o wo{bobo{fd sI{Ibh`sf" c`z{`g`lf vokodcf iwboddw`hf~b`dh`sf mfkf lIbwI{`bw`gkf{b {` koszp{pbhoeg{{$ Lfhvosob hI`og`b (v` `d sid koszp{pb{doeg{{$

    ??(?1 HFSF[GO QOHPL VOQ[OLLP[GPWo{p{hL`b`k`lb`{fd id lodowbod m{f(loez`{`dmf ~`hfd I~`{fdg` lods{l `(

    lfbg`" ocfl sod mf~mfb`{b` sIsbIz` o{lo lodowbod k`vo~ {`dlbfgf{$ Vphp{wo(Fod voq{o{d obw z` psw vI~Idg` lIh`b`{ eobfdg` kpbpdp{ z` I~`{f g`z` wi(vI {`dmfdg` wIvb`{b` i{wIFIgI{$V`df c{lod bo{zobo{ wiqbp eobg` kpbpdp{bo{z` bo{zobo{ ?(?$0 hh p~pdbppdgo" v`fb {`dlbf" l{bbf" kos zI`pgo mi{` kp(vIl" livp loez`" sfvoe {`dlbfgf{$ Gid`{db`{ g`mfwflm` kivp fb` kf{bflw` {`d(mf g` g`mff{$ Ibmpd bo{zo 7(0 `h kivpdgo m{f(loez` vogo sfvoeo cobod{`dlw` ibokfbf{$ Bo{zobodd zI`pgp I~`{fdg` id z` o{logo ibhol I~`{` kf(

    t`lfb?=$ Qohpl Voq{ollp{gp l`b`k`mf z` vphp{wo lIh`sf

    7?

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    39/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F 6

    {`{ mfjw sfvoe b`l` zo{g{{ z` zpcpgpdpd psw i{wo lfshhgo lf{bf sod kf{ cf~(mf p~o{p{$Kp s`lfbg` libovco wo{p{p{$ Qpqobod lb~bb loez`{`dmfgf{'`lfb?=&$

    Eovow C`hk`{fK`bf{bf kf{ l{sbo{do gid`{df vilwp{$ LFF" g`mffl gid`{db`{g` `cf{f{$

    Qohpl Voq{ollp{gp l`b`k`lb`{f" pdgp~ bis z` lpvwp v`{b`{g` mf~b`df{"m`c` pcpsp{" ?bmo m`bf{$ Vphp{wobod{p voq{olbodd obw z` Bfsw vp~pd` ;11(311 og`wbfl lp{d`b`{ eobfdg` kf{ol{{ z` p~`{fdf g`z` wPvp {`dmfdg`lf wpv(b`{b` i{w`{" Gfsf l`b`k`l kf{loc g`jogo wiqboh ibo{ol ?;11 logo{ vphp{wokf{olokfbf{$ Vo~{d vphp{wobo{ 7 pdg` oCFFF{$ Vphp{wogod cflod bo{zobo{vphp{wo lokplbod p~`{fdg` wiqbp eobg` kpbpdp{ z` vphp{wo lokplbod{pv`{b`{" sid{o kfwlfdfd qpslpb z` licodboddo eo{`l`w `g`{b`{$ Ibmpd bo{zo(bo{ wiq{olwo qpqo ibp{ z` kf{ sp{` sid{o qpqobo{god l`b`k`lb`{ c{lo{$ Vo(~fd kf{ gibpdp ;0(31 pdg` wohohbo{$ LF?d kp sp{` goeo p~pdgp{$ V{bgo7(0 gib z`{`kfbf{$ Cplp{izo-go ompswis sidboddo gi{p {{ps{dd w`q` z`licod qpslpbI z` spw ibph gid`hfdg` i{pbp{b`{$ H{s{{ kfwlfsfdg` kf{ gi(bpdp wohohbo{$^o{o{ t`lbf

    Bo{zobo{" {{ps{{ kfwlfsfdg` licod qpslpbpdp l`sh`l z` spw ibph gi(d`hfdg`lf licod fc`{fsfd`mf{`{`l licod wod`b`{fdfv`h`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ z`({f{b`{$ Gibb`d{d`g`d idc`licod qpslpbb`{fdf l`s`({`l k`sb`df{b`{$ Kpdpd si(dpcpdgo" licodbo{ s`v{`l$ wod`bf ibp{ z` gibov{sfvbop{pd lovk> h`vgodo m`( /9`lfb$ ?5$Qohpl voq{ollp{gp bo{zos> z` {hsf{bf{ S`lfb ?5&$ licodhgolf ~o{od%L`sfl qIslIbb`{&

    $ R

    7; $ F

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    40/61

    H FS F[ V@ WF'W F[ FC FB FM F

    Hffcog`b`sfQohpl Voq{ollp{gp fb` hpcog`b`" eosowwod sid{o wo{bobo{fd sp{pb(

    h`sf" c`z{`g`lf vokodcf iwbo{{d w`hf~b`dh`sf mfkf lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ z`lfhvosob hpcog`b` s`lbfdg`cf{$ W`q`z` licod qpslpbp fb` spw ibph gk(d`hfdg` ~o{o{e{pd vipd ibgpp wo{bobo{go kf{ fbocbo{do voqbfokfbf{$ bbocbo(ho fcfd" voqfbod sp{z`v sidpcpdgo 3 h- bfl sf{o p~pdbppdgolf {{ps{{ kfw(lfb`{fdg` i{woboho ; og`w bo{zo kpbpdgpp ~ohod bbocboho voq{bf{$

    ??(?? WE[fQSB@[Wohhf@{mfdb`{" lodowbf" ?(?"0 hh$

    p~pdbplwo" sibpl so{fgod oc{lloez`{`dmfv` logo{ g`fs`d{`dlb`{g`gf{'`lfb ?6&$

    Eovow C`hk`{fLF6? `{mfd eobg` c`sfwff kfwlf(b`{ p~`{fdg` m`vf{f{b`{$ Vphp{wo(Foddf voq{ol e`b`~idp fcfd` qo( Y($$$$< $$YY$$$$$$$ t

    l`wb`{ eobfdg` k{{ol{{wo{$ M`d`b t`lfb?6$ Hbsb{ voq{omhgo We{fqs `{mfdfibo{ol vphp{wogod 7(0 pdg` bo{zo cflo{$ V{ bgo 7(: gib z`{f{$ Lp{p eozo(bo{ We{fqs vimpdbpmpdp o{wwh{"

    ^o{o{ t`lbfWe{fqs-b`{ {hsf{ wod{{p voqfbod kpwpd kkbm`b`{g` vov{d ibo{ol i{p(

    bp{b`{$ Voq{olbod `hh`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ z`{f{b`{$ ^o{o{ mk{h16 voq{olbo{mIh16f" k`d`lbf kf{ i{pdp{d oe{$ Kfwlfb`{g` lp{pho" kigp{bosho z` voq({ol l{zdb{dosf z`vo kplpb{d`sf h`vgodo m`bf{$ Spw Ibph Gkd`hfdg` z`{tgflb`{f ~o{o{god gibovw wod`b`{g` kp{ps{do z` c`sfwbb s`lfb ki~plbplboddos`k`q ibp{bo{$

    73

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    41/61

    tHpcog`b`sfKp ~o{o{e fb` hIcog`b`" eosowwod sid{o wo{bodh sp{pbh`sf z` vokod(

    CF iwbodd fheo `gfbh`sf mfkf lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ z` lf{dvosob hIcog`b`gf{$Wo{bogo 71( 01 go-fbl kf{ wo{bo{pd jo{lfb v`{b`{fdg` 01 kfwlfg` voqfbocol so(v{hgo kfwlf kosho 01 og`w bo{zo z`vo `{mfd We{fqs kpbpdgpp ~ohod fboc(bohovo kosbo{p{$

    ??(?; LF[HF^F I[PHC@LB@[Wo{p{h@{mfd l{{{{p~w i{p{dc`lb`{" v`sfbf{dsf" sod" l{{{{p~> z` loez`{`dmfgf{$b$o{zobodoc{l sod z` oc{l l{{{{p~f {`dlw`gf{$ Vphp{wobo{ lI{` s`lbfdg`" fd(

    cf mfkf" t`jjoj z` k`vo~ ibpq" oc{b{dovo gim{p eojfj sod z` l{{{{p~w {`dm`gidItI{'`lfb ;1&"

    Eovow C`hk`{f

    F77

    /9`lfb ;; Hbsb{go l{{hhi{phc`l vphp{wobo{b"`{mfdb`{f" voq{olwo z`

    wo{bogolf

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    42/61

    YYYY tYYYYY"88HFSF[ V@WFtWF[FCFBFMF

    LFtF wo{bo l`doddgolf vokodcw iwbo{go `cf{ d l{{{{p~> i{p{dc`lb`{" fbl(koeo{go eozobodd {shhos{v bo {{ps{{ wo{boboddo m`m`{b`{$ Vp{dp{wobod{pvoq{olbodd cbfw vp~pd`" odo goho{ c`z{`sfd` z` gfm`{ goho{bo{ o{oshogoeo idc` i{gplb`{b ombo{ o{os{do w`l w`l k {{ol {{bo {$ V {bg o ?1(;1 d`sfb z`({f{b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfH{s{ { kfwlfsfdg` voq{olbodd obw vp~`vbdg` kpbpdod l{{{{p~f i{phc`l(

    b`{" wiqbpbplbo{ ibpswp{o{ol z` kfwlf i~ spvpdp `h`{`l voq{olbo{go so{o{(ho z` lp{p{dovo s`k`q ibp{bo{'`lfb ;1&$ L{{{{p~w i{p{dc`l" ~o{od" m`d`b(g` {hs{{ kfw-lfsfdfd obw voq{olbo{fdgo kosbo{ z` psw voq{olbo{o gi{p fb`{b`{$^o{o{god gibovw kfwlf kivp lfsoe{" licodgo wod` kom boho z` p{pdg` o~ob(ho h`vgodo m`bf{$ Lf{{{p~> i{p{dc`lb`{ kf{ cil vi{`g` vov{dg{{ $

    Hpcog`b`sfLf{{{p~w i{phc`l-b`{b` {dpcog`b`" eosowwod siho wo{bo{pd sp{pb{d`sf"

    fblkoeo{go wo{bo l`doddgolf vokodcw iwbodd fheo `gfbh`sf mfkf lpb wp{`ww`gkf{b`{ fb` lfhvosob {dpcog`b` s`lbfdg`gf{$ Lfhvosob {dpcog`b`v`" {{psf{kfwlfsfdg` voq{ol kosho ?1 og`w dfhj z` `{mfd kpbpdgppdgo kosbod{do(eg{{$

    ??(?3 VOQ[OL KfWB@[fWo{p{h@{mfd gfsfb`{ lpcpl" p~pdco zpcpwbp v`sfbfhsf hozf z`vo oc{l v`tfF

    {`dlw`gf{'`lfb ;3&$ Lodowe z` lodowsf~ ji{hbod zo{g{{$ Lobokobfl libidf(b`{g`d ibpsod lodowbf ji{hbod pco{ol koslo kfwlfb`{` m`m`{b`{$ Hfs { { `lf( n $b`d kpwpd kib`b`{g` vovmh ibo{ol m:{pbP{b`{$

    70

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    43/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH S@[ bsf 6

    '`lfb $;3$ Hbsb{ voq{omhgo Voq{olkfwb`{f libidfb`{fEovow C`hk`{fH{s{{ voq{ol kfwb`{f" sfcolel" {pwpk`wfd pvmpd ibgpp z` lidplcp kfw(

    lfdfd h`zcpw ibgpp gp{phbo{go V FF kivpdco g`zo{de `s`vsf~ ibo{ol 61(mobb{$ Kib`b`{ mi{` g`mfth`lb` kf{bflw` {{psf{go v{bgo kf{cil d`sfb z`{f{(b`{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfVoq{ol kfwb`{f" izg`" wo~` voq{ol" w`q` qpslpbp z` lccodbo{go libi(dfb`{ ibpswp{o{ol kfwlf i~spvpdp `hh`l sp{`wfvb` ~o{o{ voqo{$ @{l`l i{(

    modbo{golf ~o{o{god gibovw {{psf{go gibb`d{d` ibho~ z`vo cil o~ ibp{ z`kp d`g`db` licodbo{ wod` koboho~ z`vo s`v{`l wod`bf ibp{$ Ovdco" ~o({o{ mi{`d voq{olbo{ lfzdb{{" wod`b`{ kp{psp{ z` ibpdbosho~$ Voq{ol kfwb`({f soelb> kfwlfb`{` zf{ps z` zf{ps k`d~`{f eoswobflbod wos{{bo{$ Voq{olbo{gokobb> hogg` voqo{ol kfwlfdfd so{o{{dosho z` ibphpd` s`k`q ibp{bo{$ Eoblo{oshgo voq{ol kfwf ~o{oddo ~`dl ogw go z`{fbh`lw`gf{$

    Hpcog`b`sfVoq{ol kfwb`{f fb` {dpcog`b`" eosow sid{os w wo{bo{pd sp{pb{d`sf" wo{bo

    l`doddgolf vokodcf iwbodd fheo `gfbh`sf mfkf lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{ fb` lfhvo(sob {dpcog b` s`lbfdg`gf{$ H{s f { wo{boshgo voq{bod lidw{ib z` sovfhbo{gokfwlf kosho i{woboho 01 og`w `{mfd dfhj @{mfd` k`d~`v`d lpvpl voz{p(

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    44/61

    H FS F[ V @W F/9 WF[ FC fB FM F

    bo{& kpbpdgppdgo fbocbo{do voq{b{{$ Vipdbpl wo{bo{pd e`{ v`{fdg` ov{p fs`loqboho fbocboho" v`{ v`{ fs`" dilwo z`vo s`{fw fbocbo{do voq{b{dob{g{{"

    ??(?7 qfS LILPBP V@'fB KIC@LWo{p{hQfs lilpbp v`sfb k:c`l `{mfdb`{f" p~pdco" izob z` m`d`bbflb` v`sfb {`dl(

    w`gf{ws`lfb &$ L{sbovod `{mfdb`{ loez`{`dmfv` gidp/f-p{$ Dfhjb`{ `{mfd` k`d(~`{iVphp{wobod {{psf{ voq{olbod{pd psw vp~`vfdg` obw{`d s`lbfdg`lf lp(h`b {g`d ibpsp{$

    '`lfb ;7$ Qfs Lilpbp V`sbb Kic`l `{mfdf z` vphp{wo qol`wfEovow C`hk`{fLF/f-?c`sfwbf li{pdolbo{go `cf{`d `{mfd kic`lb`{" ho{w ov{dgo i{wovo

    cflo{" vokodcf iwbo{bo k`sb`df{" sid{o {{psf{ wo{bosho m`v`{b`{$ Vphp{wobo(d{p lp{d`b`{ eobfdg` kf{ol{{" S`d`g` 3 d`sfb z`{f{$

    ^o{o{ t`lbfHfs{ { kfwlfsfdfd voq{ol" m:zg`" licod z` qIslIbf`{fdg` `hmf voqo{ol

    ~o{o{ z`{f{b`{$ Kp `hmf sidpcpdgo m:zg`" voq{ol z` `{l`l i{modbo{ p~`({fdg` loez`{`dmf b`l`b`{z`vo lpcpl cflhw{bo{ h`vgodo m`bf{ z` licodbo{

    7=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    45/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@Obsb (6 (

    `hmfg`d gibovw oomb gi{p kplpbp{b`{$ ^o{o{ sidpcp s`v{`l wod`bf li(codbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{ S`lfb ;0 &" z`{fh z` lobfw` gps`{$

    Hpcog`b`sf kfwlfb`{g`d som boh kfwlfb`{` kf{ cil eoswob{l go wos{v{q kpboswh{bo{$ Kpkolf{dgod id`{d o{~ `g`{b`{$

    ?; HFSF[(EOSWOBbLBO[F?;(? Hbsb{ [oswb_F %Pswfbomi hovgfs&H{sf{ kfwlfsfdfd `d jo~bo kfbfd`d eoswoelboddgod {{psf{ {oswbmb kfwlfdfd

    wp{d wiq{ol pswp lws{{dboddgo voq{ol" soq" licod" qpslpb z` `{l`l cfc`l(b`{fdg` m:{pbp{$ Kfwlf p~`{fdg` mob g`gff{df~ sfslfdbflb`{ ibpswp{p{" Kpdbo{:dc`b`{f s`{w ibpq" qo{bol" m{f" k`vo~ {`dlbf kb{ ~o{fo loqeg{{" Ibpdbosw{l(

    75

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    46/61

    YY (8t YY (88888YY+t+++++8(BtHtF SF[v@WF tW F [fcF B F M F

    Eosw{l l`s b {f ibpshps kfwlf l{spdbod(co ~o{ so{od{" p~`{fdg` cowbolbo{ h`vgodo m`bf{" spd`{fhsf kf{ eob oe{ z`

    bcfdg` kpbpdod sfvoe wi~ s`lbbdg`lf eoswobfl `wh`df hodwodd govo{plpp{`h` kf{fhb`{f ibod sqi{bo{ `w{ojo vov{e{$Hbsb{ {oswbmb eoswoemb Pbl`hf~g` h{sf{ I{`wfhf voqbbod wph kibm`(

    b`{fhf~g` mi{pbh`lw`gf{$ Eoswoel `{w`sf Vbbo kpbosfl wiq{ol z` eoswo(FFle kfwlf o{w{lbod fb` m`t`{$ Eoswo kfwlf o{w{lbod{p vfv`d eovzodbodd eo(~fh lodobboddgod `c`d sqi{bo{ codb{elbod{p lovk`wh`~b`{$ Mpk{` fb`w`l{o{ wo{bovo wosh{q kpboshobo{o d`g`d -ibokfbf{b`{$ M`d` z` vose kfwlfb`({fd kpbos{dosf ibgplco mpmwP{$ I~`bbflb` kfwlfdfd e{~e kpvpv`d gilpbodd(god kpboshobo{ libovbblbo ibp{$ Fdsod" eovzod z` k~`bbflb` kkc`lb`{fd oc(dps ibgpp vo{obo{god libovbflbo kfwlfv` mf{ft voqo{ol kfwlfvf eoswobodgh{$

    Hbsb{ {oswbmb fb` hIcog`b`g` kppd fvfd lpbwp{`b idb`{db`{ lpbbo(hbholwog{{ z` lfhvosob hpcog`b`sf vilwp{$

    ^o{odd `d o~ gp~`v` fdgf{fbh`sf fcfd opdocol kose`s idb`hb`{ spd(bo{g{{$

    Govo{ple c`sww z` h`b`~b`{ lpbbod{b{doeg{{$Cil `{l`d z` cil `c `lfhb`{g`d loc{{pbhoeg{{$ Eosw{l l`s`b`{f 1?(

    pdboshogod l`sfbfq vil `gfbh`bf" {osw{le kfwlf o{wflbod g`{fd` i{dpb{d`bfvogo volfbhoeg{{$ Kfwlfb`{f vo{oboholwodz` jo~bo o~iwbp pk{` z`{h`lw`d

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    47/61

    C FJ W b@ M FW FH S @ [ FS F (6(

    solhhob{gf{$ Kkc`lb`{b` {dpcog`b` `g`{`l kfwlfvf vo{obohobod idb`d{d`bf(gf{$ Hfs{{ {osd{{pd `d cil ~o{o{e ibgpp v`{b`{g` `d o~ 3 ( 7 v{bel kf{`lfh dik wf q{i{o{h pvpbod{dob{gw{$

    ?;(; Hbsb{ wieph tI{Ilb% $ fmI %Jpso{fph hid fbfji {h` &Eoswobfl lp{ol z` sw`ol kib`b`{g` i~`bbblb` w`q` qpslpbp cflo{{do

    g`z{`sfdg` `wlfbfgf{$ H`zsfh koshgolf lp{p lispbbo{ z` w e l eozo ;5(31C&" w`q` qpslpbpdg`d sid{olf ;(3 eojwogo d`hbf eozo eoswoel `bfsf(hf bcbd pvmpdgp{$ Eoswobfl e`h`d e`h`d {{psf{ v`wfswf{fb`d e`{ v`{g` mi({pbp{$ Eoswobfle wod`b`{g` q`hk`(k`vo~ {`dlb`dh`b`{ mi{pbP{$ Kp {`dl(b`dh f`{ m`d`bg` licodbodd pc l{s{{dbo{hgod kosbo{"

    Eoswobfh m i { p b g p m p h{s{{ licodbodEoswobfh ~o{od z` `wlfsf Hfs{{ Licodlp{gp z` H{sw{lp{gp zo{eh(

    go goeo go o{wo{$ Kp ~o{o{bfbo{ licodbo{go z` kfwlfdfd mizg`sfdg` eoswo(Fbl `wh`dfdfd libovco f{`kfb`c`f vo{obo{ oco{ol idbodd bsb`{wdf libovbos($w{{{{ps ibp{bo{$ Eoswoelbo wod`b`{fd k~`bbflb` lobfw`sfdg` gps{d` mi{pbp{l`d"hflwoddgo go o~obhobo{ i{peb{$ Eoswoe{d kp ~o{o{bo{hh vo{pdgo" wo(d`b`{g` fdsod sombfmhb ibphsp~ `wlfb`v`c`l wilsfdb`{f ibpswp{hosf goid`{d wosf{$ Eoswobfl `wh`df wo{bo so{wboddgo wilsfd ibpsokfbf{l`d" g`qi(bod{{ps wod`b`{g` g` wilsfd ibpswp{okbbf{$ Eoswobfl `wh`df wiq{ol vp~`vfd(g` vogo p{pd o{w{lbo{{dgo l{sbo{$ Pvmpd lispbbo{go `bfs`d {dodwodd p{`(h` kf{fhb`{f ibod sqi{bod {{pshd w`q` qpslpbpd` m`b`{`l kp{ogo `bfsf{ z`

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    48/61

    H F S F [ V @ W F W F [ F C F B F M F

    Eoswoel d`g`dfvb` wiephbo{ cp{pv`kfbh`lw`" wiephbo{ mfhb`dgfvs`mblbt idc`sf z`vo mblbt sid{osf cil`{w`dk`d~`{f ibphb`{ h`vgodo m`b(

    eoswoew kosbowf{$ H{sf{ Limodlp{gp z`vo H{sf{lp{gp zo{so kp sqi{bo{lp{wbo{h P~`{fd` voq{s{{ps ibo{ol kfwlfdfd wo{le l{s{{d boddo z` koslo kfwlf(b`{` g` wos{dokwb f { $ Gibov{sfvbo eoswobfl goeo jo~bo kfwlfv` vov{b{{ps ibp{$Hodwo{ sqi{bod wiephbo" eozo z` wiq{olbo go wos{d{{" Pbl`{df~g` flfdcfp{pd {{ps{{bo{go goeo jo~bo mi{PFP{$

    ^o{odd `d o~ gP~`v` fdgf{fbh`sf fcfd obhocol kosbfco idw`{db`{ spd(bo{gf{> Eoswoef voqod hodwo{bo{ d`hbf lispbbo{go goeo fvf m`bftwfmf fcfds{l`lfhg`d locho{ol" wo{bodfd goeo eozogo{ ibhos{{p sobo{dol" kfwlfb {fdgf{`dcfdf o~obw{q ~ov{w gPtP{gPmP fcfd jo~bo o~iwwod loch{dol" pvmpd z`lidw{ibfP mPk{`b`h` voqhol" kfwlfb`{f wod{dsob fsb`hb`{ sf{oshgo vo{obo(hol{od locfdhol" kic`l ~o{od ibod v`{b`{g` Wod{d FF z` bbc` HPgP{FPl(b`{fd` koszp{o{ol m`{`lbf w`gkf{b`{f obhol ibo{ol s{{obodokfbf{$

    Eoswoe{d vipd mi{PbgPmP v`{b`{g` vfd` Wodhbb z` \b`` HP`]{FPl(b`{fd` koszp{pb{dosf `d pvmpd vibgp{$ bbocbo{do m`{`l`d gp{p{dbo{go Wod{dz` Livftb`{f Kolodbfmb wo{owhgod wozsfv` `gfb`d fbocbo{god e`{eodmf kf{fsflpbbod{b{doeg{{$ bbocbo{do pvmpd ob`w z` `lfqhod lpbbo{pbo{ol voqfbhobpd{$Lpbbohbocol ob`wb`{fd w`hf~ ib{dos{do z` fm`{fsfdg` e`{eodmf kf{ bboc loed(w{sw ib{do{dosho gfllow `gfbf{$ @lfhg`d cil p~pd sp{` idc` fbocbodod wi(ephbplbo{ P~`{fdg`lf fboc `wlfsfdf lovk`g`kfb`c`fdg`d kpdo :~`bbflb` gfl(low `gfbh`bfgf{$ Kpdbodd vo{ddgo fbocbodd kf{kf{f fb` lodsokfbw{bbbd` g` gfl(low `wh`l m`{`lf{$

    bbocbodd kf{`{ lfhvosob hogg` ibgpmp z` kf{kf{b`{fdg`d `wlfb`dfqki~pbokfb`c`lb`{f pdpwpbhohoeg{{" Kp mfkf gp{phbo{go k`lb`dh`(v`d sidpcbo{ i{wovo c{lokbbb{$

    ?;(3 H bs b{ Wieph " Lol" Lolkimo~b z` S oq C

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    49/61

    j F JW C b@M FWF H S @ [ F S F ("" z` soq mp{plbPmpdg` wfqfl ibo{ol kfwlfb`{g` izg` `ls`df`w{owfdgo gidh` z` kplpb{d`b`{ h`vgodo m`bf{$ Kfwlf g`z{fbf{" wiq{oo g`m(gfmf kip{dbo{go g`sw`l l:lb`{fd ibpswpp m:{pbp{$ Soq mp{plbpmp fs`" m`(d`bbflb` flfdcf p{pd {hs{{bo{go {hsf{bo{ w`q` qpslpbp c{lo{{dogod idc` z`(vo sid{o" `bfsh`dfd e{~e ibgpp wo~` kip{d o{oboddgo m:{pbp{$

    Kiphbo{golb cp{p{d`b`{ kosbodfcwo loez`{`dmf(sfvoe {`dlw` b`l`b`{eobfdg`gf{$ Kf{ sp{` sid{o b`l`b`{ p~`{fdg` hodwodd q`hk`(k`vo~ {`dlbfhfs`bb`{f m:~b` m:{pb`kfbf{$ Eoswoeh fb`{f g:d`hb`{fdg` kfwlf `dj`lw`bf ki(mphbo{god g`z{fb kfbf{$

    Hfsw{ lil" lilkio~> z` soq cp{plbplb`{fd` d`g`d ibod z` m`d`bg`wiq{ol hodwod ibod kp qowin`db`{fd d`g`d ibgpp lovfqbo{ c`z{` jolw:{b`({fdg`d `wlfb`dh`lw`gf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    50/61

    HFSF[ V @ W F t W F [ F C F B F M F

    Hpcog`b fc Zo{so govo{ple c`sfwb`{fd `lfhf w`{cfe `gfbh`bfgf{$ Wiq{ol fvf w`szfv` `gfbh`bf" wo{bogo sp kf{flh`b`{fd` `dm`b ibpdho(FF" pvmpd wieph vowo> eo~{{bodhob{" `lfh g`{fdbff z` wiq{ol wozf pvmpd

    ib{doeg{{$ S`{wfjfloe wieph lpbbo{pbhoeg{{$ S {l `lfh soq mp{plbBfmb$bdp o{w w { {holwog{{ $ Kp d`g`db` c`sfwb`{` z`

    kib`b`{` mi{` `lfh di{hboddo pvpbhob{g{{$ Wiq{ol odobf~f voqwf{o{ol pvmpd kf{ pk{`b`{d` voq{b{doeg{{$ Kic`lb`{ eoswoel `wh`db`{fdf kfwlfdfd fcfd` wosfvo{ol soq mp{plbpl(

    b`{fdfd bfsh`sfd` vo{g{{dc f ibp{bo{" kp d`g`db` wo{bogolf kic`lb`{b` {dp(cog`b` voq{ bhob {g{{ $

    I~`bbflb` coqo z` kio~ gibgp{ho fsb`hb`{f gp~pd voq{bhoeg{{$ Eosow sid{osf kfwlf o{wflbod wo{bogod p~olbosw{{fbo{ol vil `gfbh`bfz`vo fvfc` qo{cobodo{ol wiq{oo lodswhbhoeg{{$ Eoswoe{d vimpd ibo{ol mi{pbgpmp v`{b`{g` `lfh dik`wf pvmpbod(

    {doeg{{ $Lpbwp{`b w`gkf{b`{fd vo{d sf{o lfhvosob {dpcog`b` m`{`l`kfbf{$ Kp mfkf

    gp{phbo{go wiephbpl `lfhg`d idc` Wodh z` Livfsb`{f Kolodbwf wo{oj{d(god wozsfv` `gfb`d fbocbo{god e`{eodmf kf{fsf fb` fbocbodhoeg{{$ b bocbo{do pv(mpd ob`w z` `lfqhod lpbbo{pbo{ol voq{bhoegf{$ Lpbbo{pbocol ob`wb`{fd w`hf~ib{dosho z` fc`{fsfdg` e`{eodmf kf{ fboc lobhwfsf ib{do{dosho gfllow `gfbf{$@lfhg`d cil p~pd sp{` idc` fbocbodod wiephbplbo{ p~`{fdg`lf Eom`wlfsf(df lovk`g`kfb`c`fdg`d kpdo i~`bbflb` gfllow `gfbh`bfgf{$ Kpdbodd vo{pd(go fbocbodd kf{kf{f E` lodsokfbf{bfbd` g` gfllow `wh`l m`{`lf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    51/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH S@[ FS F 6

    ?3 HFSF[ WO[BOBO[FDGO VOKODCF IWBO[Hbsb{ Wo{boboddgo Vokodcf Iwbodd^o{o{ t`lbf z` @lidihfl Id`hfHfsw{ wo{boboddgolf vokodcf iwbo{" m`d`bbflb` {hs{{ bo kf{bflw` cfhb db{"

    `bfsf{ z` kpvph`v` kosbo{bo{$ Wiq{olwo kpbpdod k`sfd hogg`b`{f" SPF il(sfn`d" z` {s{l vidpdg`d h{s{{bo {`lok`w `g`{b`{$ Eowwo vokodc> iwbo{" i{wo(ho goeo cokpl ogoqw` ibgplbod fcfd {hsf{god goeo e{~e `bfs`{`l" wiq({olwod goeo jo~bo sp z` k`sfd hogg`sf oe{bo{$ H {s {{" v ok od cf iwbodd {`lo(k`wfd` cil gpvo{e kf{ kfwlfgf{$ I~`bbflb` `lfhg`d sid{olf fbl ; ovbbl sp{`"vokodcw iw {`lok`wfdfd `d jo~bo ibgpmp kf{ gid`hgf{$ Kp gid`{dg` `m`{vokodcf iwbo{ fb` hIcog`b` voq{bho~ fs` vokodcf iw {`lok`wf d`g`df fb`h`vgodo m`b`d I{pd lovkw go % ;1(31 i{o{pdgog{{ odcol wo{bogolf vo(kodc{ iwbodd wP{b`{fd` z`vo hflwo{ho mi{` kp p{pd lovkf goeo go vpls`(b`kfbf{$ Ovdco {{psf{ wo{bobo{fdgo vokodcw iwbo{" holfd` fb` s{{o o{osf sp{p({dpdp holfd` coqosf& z` eosogf pcb`swf{`{`l goeo jo~bo ft mIcp so{whovib oco{bo{$

    Vokodc f iwbo{ go{ z`vo m`dft voq{olbb" ovdco w`l v{bb{l z`vo cilv{bb{l ibokfbf{b`{ z` kp i~`bbflb`{fd` mi{` hpcog`b` vidw`{df pvpbo{p{ " HF(sf{go `d cil mi{Ib`d go{ voq{olbb w`l vfbel vokodcf iwbo{ k`d`lbf godcodz` voqfslod iw< go{ voq{olbb cil v{bel vokodcf iwbo{ fs` liq`l gfsf ovdmb"wiqobol z` lod vosw{{$ H fs{{go `d cil mi{Ib`d `dfs voq{ole w`l v{bpl vo(kodc w iwbo{ ei{i~ fkfmf" h`b`~ ei{i~ fkfmf" l{{h{~w lilbp ei{i~ fkfmf" koh(kpf iwp" efdw l`d`zf{f" k`d`lbf vodl spwb``d" wpvsp~ eo{p{d git`mf" voko(df kohvo" j`d`{ iwp" s`hf~ iwp" liq`lp~p{dp" g`hf{ gfl`df z` gihp~ q { w ({omb< `dfs voq{olbb cil v{bel vokodcf iwbo{ fs` wo{bo so{{dos{> z` c`wfgf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    52/61

    H FS F[ V@ WF'W F[ FC FB FM F

    Hbsb{ Wo{bobo{hgo Mi{Ib`d Id`hbfGo{ Voq{ole Vokodcf Iwbo{

    ?(K`d`lbf godcod%@cefdice)io cibidphx ;( Voq{slod iw%S`w {fo z`{wfcfb)owo & 3( Liq l gftf ovd_F%Cvdigid gocwv)id&

    7( Wiqobol%CVQjPPS{iwpdgps& 0( Lodvot(M`bf$%Si{meph eo)`q`ds` &

    00

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    53/61

    C FJ W C F @ M FW FH S @ [ FS F $m$

    f((

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    54/61

    H FS F[ V @W F'W F[ FC FB FM F

    Hbsb{ Wo{bobo{hgo Mi{pb`d Id`hbfM`tft Voq{ole Vokodcw Iwbo{

    ?;( C`wf $%Q{isiqefs jo{ wo&

    ?3( Wo{bo so{hotbmb%Cidzibzpbps o{z`dsfs&

    ?7( S`hf~ iwp%Qi{wpboco ib`{oc`o&

    ?0( Gihp~ qbw{omb%Uodwefph sw{pho{fph&

    ?:( Vokodf kohvo$%Efkfscps w{fidph&

    $ ?=( WIvsI~eohh git`mf%@pqei{kfos`{q`ds&

    0=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    55/61

    C FJWC F @MFWFH S@[ bsb $m$

    Hbsb{ Wo{bobo{hgo Mo{Mb`d Id`hbfM`df/9Voq{ole Vokodcf Iwbo{

    ?5( K`d`lbf vokl sbfwb`m`d%@pqei{kfodpwods& ;1( G`hf{ gfl`df%W{fkpbps w`{{`sw{fs&?6( Liq`l f$f~f$fhf$f%Sibodph dfm{ph&?3(? HPCOG@B@SfLIbwI{`b Hpcog`b`H{sf{ wo{boshgolf vokodcw iwbo{bo {dpcog`b`g` idc`bflb` lpbwp{`b id(

    b`hb`{ pvpbod{doegw{$ Kp idb`{db`{ wo{bovo vokodcf iwbodd kpboshosfh`dm`bf`h`v` vid`bfl idb`{db`{gf{$ I{d`mfd lpbbo{pbod ob`w z` `lbqho{pdvokodcf iwbo{bo cil kpbos{l wo{bogod cfl{dogod w`hf~b`dh`sf m`{`lf{$ SP({ph `sdoshgo qpbbpo voq{sod wiq{ol qo{cobod w`{df~b`dh`gbf wolwf{g`kp wiq{ol qo{coboddgo q`l cil vokodcf iw wiephp kpbpdokfb`c`bdg`d"kpdbo{ w`hf~ wo{bobodd vokodcf iw wiephbodvbo kpbos{dosho vib omo{$

    Gfllow `gfbh`sf m`{`l`d gfm`{ kf{ lidp hpdoz`k`gb{$ Kfbfdgfmf mfkfe`{ lpbwP{ kfwlfsfdfd l`dgfd` i~mp vokodcf iw i{wpsp zo{gf{$ Isw psw` {{psf{`lfbh`sf" {hs{{o i~mp vokodcw iwbodd vipdbpl lo~odhosho s`k`q ibo(co{dgod" `lfh dik`wf vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sfdg` id`hbf kf{ {ib ivdo{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    56/61

    HFS F[ V@WFJ F [ FC FB FM F

    Jf~fls`b Hpcog`b`H{s{ { `lfhfdg`d idc` fvf kf{ wiq{ol fs b`{d`sf voqfbo{ol wo{bo vokodcf

    iwbo{god w`hf~b`dh`bf" cil v{bb{l vokodcf iwbodd lil z` vph{p mfkf wiq{o(lobww p{`{d` i{modbod `bb` vogo w{{{{plbo wiqbodo{ol wo{bogod p~olbosw{db({doeg{{$ H {s{{ c{lw{lwod sid{o fs` `b coqos> vogo holfd`bf coqo fb` vokod(CF iwbo{ e`dp~ lpcpll`d z` wieph kobo{do{{psl`d g` wo{bogod p~olboswf(Fdbokfbf{$ Coqoboho sog`c` vokodcw `wbod vil `wwfmf mfkf ov{p ~ohodgo sp(vpd wiq{olwo wpwpbhosf" wiq{oh psw wokolosh{d `zs`wfb{d`sf fcfd g` m`({`lbf kf{ fsb`{dgf{$ Odcol w`l kf{ coqobo{do vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sf fcbd v`(w`{bf g`mfbgf{" kp fsb`{dfd kf{loc l`~ w`l{o{bodhosf m`{`lf{$

    Lfhvosob Hpcog`b`b boce hpcog`b`v` lo{o{ z`{fbf{l`d vokodcf `wbod cil fvf wo{phol m`(

    {`lf{$ vpdlp e`{ fboc e`{ lpbwI{ kfwlfsfdg` lpb bo{pbo{dovocow mfkf e`{ vo(kod`> iwp go ibgp{h`~" Vokodcf iw {dpcog`b`sfdg` lpbbo{pbod fbocbodd pv(mpboho s`lbf g` kf{kf{fdg`d wo{lb{g {{$ H { s{{ wo{boboddgo vokodcf iwbo{bo fboc(FF {dpcog`b` pm ovd gid`hg` voq{bf{>

    @lfh idc`sf hpcog`b`> H{s f { `lf{dffcfd eo~f{bod{{ps wiq{oo `lfhg`didc` fbom pvpbo{p{" p~`{fdg`d gfslo{i vogo w{{{{pl m`mf{fb`{`l fboch 0 ( =ch wiq{ol g`{bdbfbd` lods{dosf sobo{p{$

    _blb idc`sf hpcog`b`> H{s w{ `lfhfdg`d sid{ovokodcf iwbo{ z` h{(sf{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` cflhogod idc`" `d m`m 0 mpd fc`{fsfdg` voqfe{$

    _blb sid{osb hpcog`b`$Vokodcw iwbo{ z` {{ps{{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` c{l(w{lwod sid{o e`{kfsfw vokodcf `wbod ibgp{`d fboc& pvpbohosf voq{b {doeg{{"Kp pvmpboho sf{oshgo go{ voq{ole vokodcf iwbo{ ?1(?0 ch kivpdgo z``dfs voq{olbb vokodcf iwbo{ fs` 3 ( 0 voq{olbb gid`{dg` ib{doeg{{$

    Wiq{o{d sp" k`sfd `b`h`dwb`{f z` gfm`{ voqfsob i~`bbflb`{bdf gp~`bw(h`l fcbd mblb sid{osw e`{kfsfwb` {dpcog`b` v`{fd`" coqo voqhol sp{`wfvb`g` vokodcf iwbo{bo {dpcog`b` `gfb`kfbf{$

    06

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    57/61

    FJW FjF @M FW FH S @[ FS " H{sf{io ~o{o{e" eoswobfl z` vokodcf iwbo{o lo{sf lo{sf lfhvosobhIcog`b`g` Lp bboh bo col fbo cbo {" gi~ bod z` pvmpboho s `lbf fc bd m`{`lbf kfb(mf fcfd FF z` bbc` Wo{fh Hpgp{ bpl w`{ fd` kos zp{pbhoegf{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    58/61

    H FS F[ Z@ WF'W F[ FC FB FM F

    HFSb{ Wo{boboddgo Mi{Pb`d Id`hbfM`/?ft Voq{ole Vokodcf Iwbo{

    ?;( C`wf $%Q{isiqefs jo{cwo&

    ?3( Wo{bo so{hobfbbmb%Cidzibzpbps o{z`dsfs&

    ?7( S`hf~ iwp%Qi{wpboco ib`{oc`o&

    ?0( Gihp~ qbw{omb%Uodwefph sw{pho{fph&

    ?:( Vokodf kohvo%Efkfscps w{fidph&

    ?=(Wpvsp~ eo{ph gIbbb`mf%@pqei{kfo s`{q`ds&

    0=

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    59/61

    C FJWC F @M FWFH S@[ bsb 6

    HFSb{ Wo{boboddgo Mi{bfb`d Id`hbfM`dft Voq{olbN Vokodcw Iwbo{

    ? 5( K`d` lbf v owbl s f$fwb` m `d%@pqei{kfo dpwods&

    ?6( Liq`l p~p{dp%Sibodph dfm{ph&

    ;1( G`h f{ gfl`df%W{fkpbps w`{{`sw{fs&

    ?3(? HICOG@B@SfLpbwp{`b Hpcog`b`H{sf{ wo{bos{dgolf vokodcw iwbo{bo {dpcog`b`g` idc`bflb` lpbwp{`b id(

    b`hb`{ pvpbod{dob{g{{" Kp idb`{db`{ wo{bovo vokodcf iwbodd kpbos{dos{{p`dm`bb`h`v` vid`bfl idb`hb`{gf{" I{d`fd lpbbo{pbod ob`w z` `lfq{do{pdvokodcf iwbo{bo cil kpbosfl wo{bogod cflhogod w`hf~b`dh`sf m`{`lf{$ SP({ph `sdoshgo qpbbpo voqfsod wiq{ol qo{cobod w`{db~b`d{d`gff wolwf{g`kp wiq{ol qo{cobo{fdgo q`l cil vokodcf iw wiephp kpbpdokfb`c`fdg`d"kpdbo{ w`hf~ wo{bobodd vokodcf$iw wiephbodvbo kpbos{dosho vib oco{"

    Gfllow `gfbh`sf m`{`l`d gfm`{ kf{ lidp {dpdoz`k`gf{$ Kfbfdgfmf mfkfe`{ lpbwP{ kfwlfsfdfd l`dgfd` i~mp vokodcw iw i{]sp zo{gf{$ Psw psw` {{psf{`lfbh`sf" {{ps{{o i~mp vokodcf iwbodd vipdbpl lo~odhosho s`k`q ibo(co{dgod" `lfh dik`wf vokodcw iw hpcog`b`sfdg` id`hbf kf{ {ib ivdo{$

    FF

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    60/61

    H FS F [ V@WF s WF[$Fc b BF M F

    Jf~fls`b Hpcog`b`H{s{{ `lfhfdg`d idc` fvf kf{ wiq{ol fsb`h`sf voq{bo{ol wo{bo vokodcf

    iwbo{god w`hf~b`dh`bf" cil v{bel vokodcw iwbodd lil z` vph{p mfkf wiq{o(lobwf p{`{d` i{mod Fod `bb` vogo w{{{{plbo wiqbodo{ol wo{bogod p~olbose{{b({doegf{$ H{s{{ cflw{lwod sid{o fs` `b coqos> vogo holfd`bf moqo fb` vokod(CF iwbo{ e`dp~ lpcpll`d z` wieph koboho{{psl`d g` wo{bogod p~olboswf(Fdbokfbf{$ Coqoboho sog`c` vokodcf `wbod vil `wwfmf mfkf ov{p ~ohodgo sp(vpd wiq{olwo wpwpbhosf" wiq{oh psw wokolos{{pd `zs`wwbh`sf fcfd g` m`({`lbf kf{ fsb`{dgf{$ Odcol w`l kf{ coqobo{do vokodcf iw hpcog`b`sf fcfd v`(w`{bf g`fbgf{" kp fsb`{dfd kf{loc l`~ w`l{o{bodhosf m`{`lf{$

    Lfhvosob Hpcog`b`Fbombb {dpcog`b`v` lo{o{ z`{fbf{l`d vokodcf `wbod cil fvf wo{phol m`(

    {`lf{$ _pdlp e`{ fboc e`{ lpbwp{ kfwlfsfdg` lpbbo{dbo{dovocow mfkf e`{ vo(kod`> iwp go ibgp{{d`~$ Vokodcf iw {dpcog`b`sfdg` lpbbo{pbod bbocbodd pv(mpboho s`lbf g` kf{kf{fdg`d Fo{leg{{$ H{s{{ wo{boboddgo vokodcf iwbo{bo fboc(FF {dpcog`b` pm ovd gid`{dg` voq{b{{>

    @lfh idc`sf hpcog`b`> Hfs{{ `lfhffcfd eo~{{bod{{ps wiq{oo `lfhg`didc` fboc pvpbo{p{" p~`{fdg`d gfslo{i vogo w{{{{pl`cf{fb`{`l fboch 0 ( =ch wiq{ol g`{fdbffd` lods{dosf sobo{p{$

    _blb idc`sf hpcog`b`> H{s{{ `lfhfdg`d sid{o$vokodcf iwbo{ z` {{p(sf{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` cfl{dogod idc`" `d m`m 0 mpd bc`{fsbdg` voqfe{$

    _blb sid{osb hpcog`b`Vokodcf iwbo{ z` {{ps{{ wiq{ol vp~`vfd` cfl(w{lwod sid{o e`{kfsfw vokodcf iwbod ibgp{`d fboc& pvpbohosf voq{bhoeg{{$Kp pvmpboho sf{oshgo go{ voq{olbb vokodcw iwbo{ ?1(?0 ch kivpdgo z`m`dft voq{olbb vokodcf iwbo{ fs` 3 ( 0 voq{olbb gid`{dg` ib{doeg{{$

    Wiq{o{d sp" k`sfd `b`h`dwb`{f z` gfm`{ voqfsob i~`bbflb`{fdf gp~`bw(h`l fmfd mblbt sid{osf e`{kfsfwb` {dpcog`b` v`{fd`" coqo voqhol sp{`wfvb`g` vokodcf iwbo{bo hpcog`b $`gfb kbbb{$

  • 8/3/2019 Msr Yetitiricilii, Hastalklar ve Zararllar (www.etarim.net)

    61/61

    C FJW`b @M FWFH S @[ FS F 6

    Vokodcf iw hIcog`b`sfdg` fboce hIcog`b`g` fsw`dfb`d sidpcp obokfb(h`l fcfd ko~f lidpbo{o gfllow `wh`l m`{`lh`lw`gf{$ Kpdbo{< wozsfv` `gf(b`d Eomgi~pdpd g`lo{o woh ibo{ol gpsh`sf z` e`{kfsfwfd kiso mfwh`h`(sf fcfd$lpbbo{pbocol fbocbo{do ob`wfdfd g`qispdo sp gibgp{pbo{ol idc` lobfk({osvid voqfbhoe" fbocbo{do {p~o{sf~" solfd eozogo voq{bhob{" `lfh idc`(sf z` mblb idc`sb voqfbocol pvmpbohobo{go wiq{ol vI~`vfdfd l`s`lsf~ z`v`w`{f logo{ d`hbf ib{dosho i~`d isw`{fbh`bbgf{$ Cfl{s sid{os{ lpbbo{pbod;$7(G ohfdbf wbocbo{" {{ps{{ ;1 ch kivbo{pdcovo logo{ hpwbolo voqfbhoe(g{{$ Olsf gp{phgo {d{sf{ ~o{o{ mi{I{$ bbocbo{do o{pdgo eozo s{cole>;01C-vf m`mh`h`bfgf{$

    Diw> Hfs{{go ~o{o{e" eoswobfl z` vokodcf iwbo{o lo{sw lo{sw lfhvosobhIcog`b`g` Lpbbo{pbocol fbocbo{" gi~bod z` pvmpboho s`lbf fcfd m`{`lbf kfb(mf fcfd FF z` b bc` Wodh Hpgp{bplb`ddokos zp{pb{dob{g{{$