Mise en place d'un service d'acquisition d'imagerie aéroportée par ...

Mise en place d’un service d’acquisition d’imagerie

aéroportée par drone sur une unité expérimentale INRA

- partage d’expérience -

Magalie Delalande, INRA Montpellier plateforme Diaphen UE Diascope// UMR AGAP-AFEF

IDEA 2016, Image Drone Environnement Agriculture

17 octobre 2016 - Montpellier

localisation

15 km South to Montpellier 3 km Ponds of Gold and the Mediterranean sea

3 km to the axis of the runway of the Montpellier international airport

Diascope : 70 ha

splitted into 3 platforms :

Organic / Conventionnal : 20 ha Gamme : 30 ha Diaphen : 20 ha

Montpellier

UE Diascope

Diaphen in the FPPNetwork

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Scientific issues: plant response to environmental factors Technical challenges: reducing fracture between genotyping / phenotyping throughput that is the limiting factor for genetic analysis Economic challenges: enabling French companies to access or develop tools or advanced method of high-through-put phenotyping and enhance emergence of French SMEs involved in the development of phenotyping methods.

A network of 9 platforms • 2 controlled platforms • 2 semi-controlled platforms • 3 field platforms • 2 Omics platforms

3 instituts : INRA – ARVALIS –CETIOM 3 Methodological projects Leaders (MCPs) • MCP1 : Sensorics, development of sensors and methods • MCP2 Consistent distributed information system • MCP3 : PHENO-MATH-INFO : Methods and tools for

analysing phenotypic data

Ouzouer le marché

Clermont Ferrand Semi controlled Hit-Me

Bordeaux

PhenicsNantes

Dijon : PPHD et field

Toulouse

Montpellier : PhénoArch (controlled) et DiaPHEN (field)

PHENOME will provide France with an up-to-date, versatile, high throughput infrastructure and suite of methods allowing characterisation of panels of genotypes of different species under

scenarios associated with climate changes

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DIAPHEN Tools to phenotype large genotypic series, in optimal throughput

study of the canopy structure (from sowing to senescence)

Study and prediction of biochemical content of organs

(non destructive/dynamic of the traits)

• Portable spectrometry NIRS (350-2500nm) ASD • Hyperspectral camera NEO

Handheld tools/ low to medium throughput

• Greenseeker / NDVI • Radiation intercepted : LAI 2200 • Chlorophyll fluorescence : PAM 2500 • Chlorophyll meter : SPAD • Pressure chamber

Organe / plante

Plot

Platform

PHENOME

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High through put tools developped within PHENOME project

Unmanned Aerial Vector (system) : UAV (UAS) : Very hight through put – high accuracy (cm²) equipment : Hexarotor (MicroKopter), GPS • Camera in the visible (400-700 nm) • Multi-spectral camera 6 channels : Red, Green, Green Blue, RedEdge, Infra-Red • Infra-red thermal camera

Unmanned Ground Vector (system) : UGV (UGS) : ( ~ 2017) For smaller species –high throughput– very high accuracy (mm²) equipment provided : gps, climatic sensors, monitoring systems • Lidar • Near Infrared spectrometer + flashes • Cameras in the visible spectrum • Multispectral lidar • Stereo-imaging

Post Harvest Phenotyping : Robot for dry grains phenotyping A robotic device dedicated to high-throughput phenotyping of dry grains : morphometric characteristics on individual grains : length, width, perimeter and area, W1000S, etc… Biochemical content : water content, nitrogen, fat, specific weight, color index, etc…

Field phenotyping :

Tools developped by EMMAH team (INRA Avignon) for all PHENOME field platform

Tool developped in collaboration with OPTO-Machine (Clermont Ferrand) for Diaphen Platform

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Some questions before starting the activity and get your own materiel and pilots : • What is the task ? What is the surface you need to characterize ?

UAV activity

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Some questions before starting the activity and get your own materiel and pilots : • What is the task ? (1) What is the surface you need to characterize ? • What is the task ? (2)

CCC, CRIGreen, MTCI

What traits are you interested in ? What indices do you want to calculate ?

⇒Need images ? visible spectrum ? ⇒Need NIR ? Which wavelength ? ⇒Need Infra-red thermometry ? ⇒Need LiDAR ? ⇒Need Chlorophyll measurement ?

What resolutions do you need ? • Spatial • Spectral • Temporal

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Some questions before starting the activity and get your own materiel and pilots : • What is the task ? (1) What is the surface you need to characterize ? • What is the task ? (2) What resolutions ? Which indices ? What frequence ?

• Where do you want to fly ? – Is there any regulation for this place ? Can I fly at any height ?

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Some questions before starting the activity and get your own materiel and pilots : • What is the task ? (1) What is the surface you need to characterize ? • What is the task ? (2) What resolution ? What sensors ? What frequence ? • Where do you want to fly ? Mind the regulation !

• Who will fly the UAV ?

– 1 or 2 dedicated persons ? (more ?)

– persons not dedicated ? How many persons ? How will they choose the priorities between

their tasks ? Who will decide ?

– Who will train them and how will they maintain their competences ? (training is time consumming)

• It is assumed that for a classic drone (phantom) you can learn to fligh in any school • But for a tailored one, you must learn by the builder and practise on your own UAV

never forget … What goes up … comes down !

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Some questions before starting the activity and get your own materiel and pilots : • What is the task ? (1) What is the surface you need to characterize ? • What is the task ? (2) What resolution ? Which indices? What frequence ? • Where do you want to fly ? Mind the regulation ! • Who will fly the UAV ? What can you afford ? • What are the pilots and Operations Manager respective responsibilities ?

‘’ an UAV can only be used in connection with specific activities if a legal ( company, association ... ) or physical entity was defined as operations manager. ‘’ *

* Aéronef sans personne à bord : activités particulières. Guide du 22/12/2015

Operations Manager *Validation of flight conditions (MAP, pilots, Notifications )

*maximum flight volume (target, trajectory, obstacles, respect of regulation) * Warranties for third parties

Pilots * Weather conditions // UAV caracteristics * Energy supply * Security :

• before flight check • Program check • Fail-safe programmation check • If any problem : NO Flight

* Flight itself

REMARK : pilot has full authority on the flight. He is allowed to refuse an assignment if its execution leads to breaking the rules (...) or if he considers its own security or others security is at stake

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Research team

Rep. of trials

Operations Manager

Pilots Pilots

responsibilities

Operations Manager’s

responsibilities

MAP

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Objectives : • Be as flexible as possible : giving a hand between teams when image acquisition lies in

peack period of agricultural work (april to november), • Asking for a realistic number of image acquisitions (frequences) [beyond the

development of specific protocols aspects]

Organisation : • INRA Diascope : 2-4 pilots => maintenance UAV and sensors, training, relationship /aerial

regulation, image acquisition for research teams without pilot • Resarch team : 1-2 pilot (close to Diascope or requesting for many flights) : image

acquisition for their own experiments • Organize weekly joint trainings and/or maintenance (thursday morning), joint

programmation of flights ; bimestrial meeting ;

Breaks : • Responsibilities for Operations Manager and Pilots in case of problems (breakage) • Pilots training : training is NOT playing ! • Make choices and setting priorities is hard …

Organising the activity at the unit level

Our proposal : create a pilot community around this activity

Merci de votre attention

Thank you for attention

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Drone d’entrainement (DJI F450) env 400 €

Hexarotor microkopter env 10.000 €

Frais de maintenance et révision annuelle env 4 à 5.000 €

Assurance RC : 315 €/an/drone Assurance casse : selon prix matériel assuré

Formation 5 à 10 j : env 3.000 €

Appareil photo + optiques : env 500 €

Caméra thermique FLIR tau2 env 15.000 €

Caméra multispectrale 6 canaux env 20.000 €

Radiocommande 16 voies (Graupner) env 500 €

Maintien des compétences : 300-800€/an selon le nb de jours proposés

Sans compter : • Les cibles de géoréférencement et le GPS

centimétrique • Les capteurs sol + centrale d’acquisitin pour

la normalisation radiométrique • Les logiciels de traitement d’image • Les aspects informatique pour stockage des

données ( 1 élévation = env 6000 images en multipsectral)

+ besoin d’un pc portable pour la programmation et le suivi du vol

Frais de passage d’examen

Combien ça coûte ? vecteur formation, assurance

capteurs