Misc Health Charts Extracted from Nov 22, 2000 presentation to EPA Prepared by Arlene Brown on 24 March 2002 for DOT Stable email [email protected]Also see Reports page of www. thirdrunway .homestead.com and Caution : Beware small population statistics that can mask problems
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Misc Health Charts Extracted from Nov 22, 2000 presentation to EPA Prepared by Arlene Brown on 24 March 2002 for DOT Stable email [email protected].
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• Existing data indicates pollutants exceed safe levels
Other Studies Support need for Monitoring Air by Airport *
• Boston Logan Airport (Winthrop) - Asthma and allergies statistically significant differences 0.4, 0.8 and 1.5 miles from runway [Ref. 236]
• Chicago O’Hare (Park Ridge) - Identifies chemicals at the fence line & health risk contours [Ref. 238]
• Santa Monica Municipal Airport - Increased cancer risk calculations for known airport pollutants based on 200,000 baseline operations plus small increases in the number of operations [Ref. 247]
• Twin Cities Metropolitan Area Hazard Index Maps [Ref 249]
• Sidney Cancer map [Ref. 248]
* Data in reference notebook and also available at www.areco.org/ and www.us-caw.org/ web sites
“There is an epidemic of asthma in the U.S.”
E. Romana Trovato, director of the Office of Children’s Health Protection at the Environmental Protection Agency *
• Nearly 1 in 13 school-age children has asthma in the U.S.
• Asthma rate doubled over the past 20 years
• Asthma mortality more than doubled in past decade
• Other health concerns
• 2% serious developmental disability
• 4% born with significant birth defects
* Hileman, Bette, “Protecting a Child’s Health, Hearing Examines steps government should take to study risks from toxic chemicals”, Chemical & Engineering News, 12 June 2000, page 31
Health Concerns at National Level
Asthma Not Just a SeaTac Issue
• King County so high it noticeably increases the whole Washington average
• SeaTac childhood asthma statistically significantly higher than King County
• Georgetown/Boeing Field statistically significantly higher than King County
Childhood Asthma Hospitalizations by Age Group King County, Three Year Rolling Averages, 1987-1996 (Ref. Public Health Watch February 1998)
Children’s Asthma Varies Widely in King County
• Georgetown age 1 to 4 for 1989 to 1993 *
• Avg 831 per 100,000
• Approximately DOUBLE King County *
• SeaTac age 1-17 asthma significantly increasing compared to King County for 1992-1998 ***
* Seattle-King County Dept. Of Health 06/97 file n:\requests\ld_0513\Hospi3
** Public Health Data Watch February 1998
*** Seattle-King County Dept. Of Health 10/00
King County Rolling 3 Year Rolling Average for Asthma Hospital Hospitalizations **
Georgetown data so high, it’s off the chart !
Boeing Field Airport Health IssuesNote : Some neighborhoods impacted by both Boeing Field & Sea-Tac Airport
• A comparison of hospitalization rates between that area (Boeing Field) and greater Seattle-King County produced these alarming statistics:
• 57% higher asthma rate
• 28 % higher/ pneumonia/ influenza rate
• 26 % higher respiratory disease rate
• 83% higher pregnancy complication rate
• 50 % higher infant mortality rate
• 48% higher mortality rate for all death causes
• life expectancy rate of 70.4 years versus the City of Seattle’s 76.0 years
Available Data Indicates Airport Pollution Significant
• No permanent on site air monitoring at the airport
• Varied topography makes it difficult to model without monitoring data to calibrate models
• Few short term pollution studies inadequate
• Adams (June 1973) exceeded safe levels for the few toxics tested
• 1996 -1997 Carbon Monoxide Saturation Study - acceptable
• 1997 -1999 WA State DOE Oxides of Nitrogen & Particulates *
* Urry, Doug (U of WA) , Larson, Timothy (U of WA) , Williamson, John, Frost, Jim and Knowlton, Doug, Sea-Tac Airport Spatial NO2 Study, WA State Dept of Ecology (draft) and Frost, Jim and Knowlton, Doug, Oxides of Nitrogen and Particulate Monitoring Study for the SeaTac Area 1998/1999, WA State Dept of Ecology, draft 13 December 1999.
King County Toxics Higher than Many other U.S. Counties
Chart combines data from WA state maps of each individual chemical in EPA NATA database that used 1996 data. Ranking is compared to all other US counties.
King County WA 1996 Emission Densities (tons/yr/sq. mile) EPA National Air Toxics Assessment
(extracted from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/nata/ on Sept 29, 2000)
(bar height drawn to midway point in range)
0
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Per
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0-25
25-50
50-75
75-90
90-95
95-100
King County Ranked against all other US Counties *
* EPA National Air Toxics Assessment data extracted from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/nata/ on Sept 29, 2000)
King County ranked against
all other US Counties
Top 5% Benzene
Lead PCB’s
Trichloroethylene
Top 5-10%Acetaldehyde
Acrolein1-3 Butadiene
Carbon tetrachloride1- 3 Dichloropropene
Ethylene oxideFormaldehyde
Methylene chlorideNickel
Perchloroethylene7-PAHs
King, WA County Emission 1996 Densities 0-25 25-50 50-75 75-90 90-95 95-100
acetaldehyde xacrolein x
acrylonitrile xarsenic x
benzene xberyllium x
1- 3 butadiene xcadmium x
carbon tetrachloride xchloroform xchromium x
coke oven emissions x1- 3 dichloropropene x
ethylene dibromide xethylene dichloride x
ethylene oxide xformaldehyde x
hexachlorobenzene xhydrazine x
lead xmanganese x
mercury xmethylene chloride x
nickel xperchloroethylene x
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) x polycyclic organic matter (POM) x
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (7-PAH) xpropylene dichloride x
quinoline x1,1,2,3 tetrachloroethane x
trichloroethylene xvinyl chloride x
National Air Toxics Assessment at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/nata/ (9/29/00 data) Airports in King County: Seattle-Tacoma International, King County (Boeing), Renton
Some Airport Related Chemicals *
* Airports: Deadly Neighbors by Charles R. Miller at www.areco.org/ .Paper originally titled "Your Unfriendly Skies." An edited version of this paper was published in the Earth Island Journal in Summer 1998. See also Lake Ridge Report for chemicals measured at Chicago O'Hare's fence line at links on www.areco.org/
• Feb. 1999, Dec. 1999, March 2000 SeaTac Study progress reports at http://www.metrokc.gov/health/phnr/eapd/reports/cancer/ (staff publications link)
• Topographical maps at www.topozone.com• Scorecard - Pollution by zip code at www.scorecard.org• US Emissions of 33 toxic chemicals (maps of individual states too) at www.epa.
gov/ttn/uatw/nata• EPA Envirofacts at www.epa.gov/enviro/index_java.html (includes access to
Integrated Risk Assessment Information System (health hazards) etc.• State specific Lung Disease Data Feb 2000 (includes asthma) at www.lungusa
.org/data• Sites with misc. reports: www.areco.org, www.us-caw.org, www.rcaanews.org,
www.thirdrunway.homestead.com• Reference Notebook and CD (not identical)• List of references in book & on CD contains links - file name ReferencesNov2000.doc
• 1996 - Ranked Seattle 27 of 239 metropolitan areas for premature cardiopulmonary death due to PM10. *
• SeaTac mortality rate 21% higher than King County for 1993-1997 (statistically significant) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease **
* Deborah Sheiman Shprentz, Clean Air & Energy: Air Pollution: In Depth: Report, Breath-taking Premature Mortality Due to Particulate Air Pollution in 239 American Cities. May 1996. Mortality information available online at www.nrdc.org. (501 deaths per year, 31 per 100,000 year)
** SeaTac Study Feb. 1999 Progress Report Appendix A, Table 2
†SeaTac Airport Community includes zip codes: 98146,98148,98158,98166,98168,98188 and 98198*For all ages, rate is age-adjusted to 1940 U.S. Population Ref. Dept of Public Health October 2000
SeaTac Airport Community And King County Trends in Pneumonia/Influenza and Asthma Hospitalization Rates, by Age, 1992-1998
Hospitalizations for Pneumonia/Influenza and Asthma Among All Ages, 0-17, 18-64, & 65+ year olds in SeaTac Airport Community †
and King County, 1997-1998
King County Comparison to95% Confidence Interval 95% Confidence Interval King County Rates
†SeaTac Airport Community includes zip codes: 98146,98148,98158,98166,98168,98188 and 98198*For all ages, rate is age-adjusted to 1940 U.S. Population Ref. Dept of Public Health October 2000**Lower=lower than King County rate; higher=higher than King County rate; NS=not statistically significant
Hospitalizations for Pneumonia/Influenza and Asthma Among All Ages, 0-17, 18-64, & 65+ year olds in SeaTac Airport Community †
and King County, 1992 - 1996
†SeaTac Airport Community includes zip codes: 98146, 98148, 98158, 98166, 98168, 98188 and 98198*For all ages, rate is age-adjusted to 1940 U.S. Population **Lower=lower than King County rate; higher=higher than King County rate; NS=not statistically significantRef. Dept of Public Health 3 May 1999. Includes one zip code not in SeaTac Study report
King County Comparison to95% Confidence Interval 95% Confidence Interval King County Rates
Age 65+:Pneumonia/Influenza Higher -7 NS -9 KC significantly increasing Asthma NS 27 NS 6 Both significantly decreasing
†SeaTac Airport Community includes zip codes: 98146,98148,98158,98166,98168,98188 and 98198*For all ages, rate is age-adjusted to 1940 U.S. population**Lower=lower than King County rate; higher=higher than King County rate; NS=not statistically significant1997-98 Data Sources: Hospitalization Discharge Data: Washington State Department of Health, Office of Hospital and Patient Data Systems.Population Estimates: 1990-2002: Department of Social and Health Services, Washington State Adjusted Population Estimates, April, 1999;Orig data Prepared by: Public Health- Seattle & King County, Epidemiology, Planning and Evaluation Unit, 10/00
Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates, SeaTac Airport Community † and King County 1996-1998 ***
Age Group All CancerRespiratory
CancerBreast Cancer
Other Cancer
25 to 44 28% 27% 41% 23%
45 to 64 13% 37% 23% 5%
65+ 2% -1% 3% 9%***Positive percentages are % SeaTac area is higher than King County, negative means lower than King County
†SeaTac Airport Community includes census tracts 264-271,273-276,278-281,284.01,284.02,284.03,285-287,
288.01,288.02,289,290.01,290.02 Data Sources:
Death Certificate Data: Washington State Department of Health, Center for Health Statistics.
Population Estimates (note uses different population estimates than the 1999-2000 SeaTac Health Studies):
1990-2002: Department of Social and Health Services, Washington State Adjusted Population Estimates, July, 2000
Original Data Prepared by: Public Health- Seattle & King County, Epidemiology, Planning and Evaluation Unit, 1/01
Above chart by A Brown only shows differences for select cancers. No differences were statistically significant.
Large error bands for small populations may mask some issues. Rare cancers also make it difficult to