MIS Discipline

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MIS Discipline

Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİRDirector of TODAİE eGovernment Center

[email protected]

Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR

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About Concept-MIS

• What is MIS? – Management– Information– Systems

• Not simply computer science, management science, organizational behavioral, economics modeling, etc…

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Management Information Systems (MIS)

• is the study of people, technology, and organizations.

• Many people think that MIS is all programming. However, programming is just a small part of our curriculum and there are many, many jobs in MIS where you do not program.

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MIS students

• learn how businesses use information to improve the company’s operations.

• Students also learn how to manage various information systems so that they best serve the needs of managers, staff and customers.

• MIS students learn how to create systems for finding and storing data and they learn about computer databases, networks, computer security, and lots more.

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The difference between MIS and CS (computer science)

MIS (management information systems) CS (computer science)

ECE (electrical computer engineering

Focus Organization Software Product

Objective More efficient or effective business Reliable computer program Improved engineered product

Core skill Problem solving Logic/procedures Engineering

Core task Determine business requirements for information systems

Deliver information systems to meet defined requirements

Determine information processing requirements of devices

Theoretical vs. applied Balanced Applied Balanced

Generic job title Analyst/Designer Builder Architect and Builder

Typical starting job title Business systems analyst Application programmer Engineer

Career goals Senior organizational manager Programming manager Senior engineering or product manager

College home Business Science Engineering

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What kind of people pursue MIS?• MIS is the ONLY major that focuses on both business

processes and information technology.– Are good problem solvers– Like to work with people – Can think strategically about technology – Like responsibility for developing and then implementing their

ideas – Can bridge both technology and business – Can see both details and the big picture – Are excellent communicators – Can manage time and resources well

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What jobs do MIS graduates go into?

• MIS professionals are the "communication bridge" between business needs and technology.

• This means that you will have to understand how to figure out how things work, solve problems, find things out, communicate what you found, and learn a lot of new things on a regular basis. It's a dynamic field, and it takes dynamic people to do well in it.

• People who can think fast, work hard, and balance a lot of things should really think about MIS.

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What jobs do MIS graduates go into?

• Business Analyst • Business Application Developer • IT Consultant • Systems Analyst • IT Development Project Leader • Database Administrator • Business Intelligence Analyst • Systems Developer • Database Analyst • Web Developer • Network Administrator • Technical Support Specialist • Information Systems Manager • IT User Liaison

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MIS: The more important reasons are:http://mis.eller.arizona.edu/careers/what_is_mis.asp

High placement rate

Information systems are more strategically important now than ever and individuals who understand information systems and business are in high demand. Our MIS students have a placement rate of 95% within two months of graduation!

High salaries

Top MIS graduates command very competitive salaries. The average total compensation for IT jobs is around $120,640 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-2013 Edition)

Job satisfaction

Management Information Systems professionals make a significant contribution to the competitiveness and well-being of the organizations in which they work. They also help people and interact with a variety of personalities and levels of management/staff.

Fun

MIS majors are intelligent and dynamic people who can interface well with both humans and machines. They enjoy working with people and are able to communicate well.

ChallengeThe rapid rate of change in the information systems world provides professionals with constant opportunities to learn and grow.

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MIS Departments Focus on:

• MIT: economics, social, IT consulting• CMU: economics, MS/OR, social• UT Austin: economics, MS/OR• Arizona: system, technical• Minnesota: behavioral, organizational

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The Main MIS Journals• MISQ: Behavioral/Organizational• Information Systems Research:

Behavioral,/Organizational, Economics, some Systems

• Management Science: MS, Modeling, some Systems• J of MIS: Behavioral/Organizational, Economics,

some Systems• Decision Support Systems: mostly Systems

• Others: Decision Sciences, Information Systems, etc.

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• ACM: CACM (IT), ACM Trans. On Information Systems (IR)

• IEEE: Computer (IT), TKDE (database), SMC (cybernetics), TITB (biomedicine), Technology Management, Intelligent Systems (AI)

• ASIS: JASIST

• Other technical journals: IJHCS, IPM, JBI, etc.

• Others: Many in Economics, Management, Management Science, Accounting, Finance, Marketing, etc.

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Major MIS Conference: ICIS• Managed by AIS• 1000-1400 participants from US, Europe, and Asia• High quality papers, job search• 20 tracks, major submissions in behavioral, organizational,

economics tracks• ICIS 2008, Paris

• ICIS 2009, Phoenix, Arizona; Conference Chairs: Nunamaker and Currie; Program Chairs: Chen and Slaughter

• New tracks: Web 2.0, Web Mining, Service Computing, Biomedical, etc.

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Future and Opportunities• MIS curriculum needs to be relevant to

management (business subject courses, organizations), information (DBMS, data mining, knowledge management, Web contents), systems (supply-chain, ERP, Internet, Web 2.0 apps)

• MIS scholars need to go beyond MIS and compete in the broader academic world (CS, Economics, Management, etc.)

• MIS research needs to be relevant and useful to businesses

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• Curriculum: Some business and behavioral courses; Need many hands-on database, web computing, business systems (CRM, ERP) courses; Need hand-on development projects and interns

• Research: What are the emerging topics (Web 2.0, forums/blogs, etc.)? ,

• Impact: Work with other subject experts (business, biomedicine, security, etc.); Identify and solve new problems; Is it news-worthy (NYT, USA Today, Newsweek)?

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MIS History:

Department at Univ.• Minesota Univ. de MIS

Department, 1965 •

University of Minnesota, founded in 1975

• University of Arizona, founded in 1977

• Turkey:– Boğaziçi MIS,1995– Başkent MIS, 1996

Founding Fathers• Dr. Gordon Davis, U of Minnesota Behavioral and

Organizational Research• Dr. Jay Nunamaker, U. of Arizona Systems and

Technical Research• Dr. Andy Whinston, U. of Texas at Austin, Purdue U.

Economics and Modeling Research• Peter Keen,1980 First IS Confe. MIS Discipline• Lacity, 1980, Journal of Management

Information Sistems , paradigma of MIS-Study• Jenkins, 1985, MIS Methodological Problems• Orlikowski, 1989, MIS-lack of Theory• Landry ve Banvilla, 1992, MIS -Multi- methods• Alavi ve Carlson , 2001 Pozitivist Approach MIS study• Baskerville ve Myers 2000, reference discipline• Benbasat ve Zmud, 2003, MIS Identiy Crisis • Wade, Biehl ve Kim, 2004 MIS baby period• Baskerville ve Myers 2009, MIS fashion fade

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Alavi, M.ve Carlson, P. (1992) “A review of MIS Research and disciplinary development”J of MIS, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Spring, 1992), pp. 45-62

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MIS/IS Theorieshttp://www.fsc.yorku.ca/york/istheory/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

Bilgi Tabanlı Organizasyon Kuramı (Knowledge-based theory of the firm )Birleştirilmiş Teknoloji Kabul Modeli –UTAUT (Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology )

Delone and McLean BS Başarı Modeli (Delone ve McLean IS success model )Enformasyon İşleme Kuramı (Information processing theory )

Genel Sistem Kuramı (General systems theory) İşlem Maliyet Kuramı (Transaction cost economics )

Kaos Kuramı (Chaos theory) Karmaşıklık Kuramı (Complexity theory )

Kaynak Bağımlılığı Kuramı (Resource dependency theory) Koşul Bağımlılık Kuramı (Contingency theory)

Kritik Sosyal Kuramı Critical social theory Kurumsal Kuram (Institutional theory)

Oyun Kuramı (Game theory )Örgütsel Bilgi Yaratma Kuramı (Organizational knowledge creation)

Örgütsel Enformasyon İşleme Kuramı (Organizational information processing theory )Örgütsel Kültür Kuramı (Organizational culture theory )

Sosyal Ağ Kuramı (Social network theory) Sosyal Sermaye Kuramı (Social capital theory) Sosyo-Teknik Kuram (Socio-technical theory)

Süreç Görselleme Kuramı (Process virtualization theory) Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (Technology acceptance model)

Yenilikçiliğin Yayılması Kuramı (Diffusion of innovations theory)Yorumsamacı Kuram (Hermeneutics)

Yönetimde Moda Kuram (Management fashion theory)

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Management Information Systems

• MIS– The study of information systems focusing on their

use in business and management.• Approaches

– Technical– Behavioural– Sociotechnical

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Approaches to MIS

SOCIOLOGY

POLITICAL SCIENCE

PSYCHOLOGY

COMPUTER

SCIENCEOPERATIONS

RESEARCH

MANAGEMENT

SCIENCE

TECHNICAL APPROACHES

MIS

BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES

SOCIOTECHNICAL

Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR 21Baskerville ve Myers (2002)

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Why is IS Important?

• For an organisation to survive and prosper– More locations (networking, Internet)– New products and services– Improve jobs and work flows:

• Efficiency• Cost• Ethical and social issues

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Why is IS Important?

• Worldwide changes:– Global economy– Knowledge- or information-based society– Business enterprise– Digital firm

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Global Economy

• Growing percentage of economy relies upon import and export

• Need to operate globally• IS can provide global trading infrastructure

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Information Economy

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

19001910

19201930

19401950

19601970

19801997

YEAR

% SERVICE

% WHITE COLLAR

% BLUE COLLAR

% FARMING

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Changes to Society

• Change of employment profiles:– Less farming– Less ‘blue collar’ – manufacturing– Increased service– Increased ‘white collar’ – office-based

• USA: 55% of work force are in knowledge- or information-based activities

• Shift of manufacture to low-wage countries

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Business Enterprise

• Change from hierarchical organisations• Now flat, decentralised• Relies on instant information• Flexibility with customer focus, with increasing

importance

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Digital Firm

• An organisation where:– Nearly all relationships with customers, suppliers

and employees is digital– Business processes accomplished through digital

networks• Flexible• Dependent upon on IT

Traditional View of Systems

INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications

Enterprise Systems

INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications

Benefits of Enterprise Systems

• Help to unify the firm’s structure and organization: One organization

• Management: Firm wide knowledge-based management processes

• Technology: Unified platform

• Business: More efficient operations & customer-driven business processes

INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications

Challenges of Enterprise Systems

• Difficult to build: Require fundamental changes in the way the business operates

• Technology: Require complex pieces of software and large investments of time, money, and expertise

• Centralized organizational coordination and decision making: Not the best way for the firms to operate

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

• Close linkage and coordination of activities involved in buying, making, and moving a product

• Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer logistics time

• Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory costs

• Network of organizations and business processes

• Helps in procurement of materials, transformation of raw materials into intermediate and finished products

• Helps in distribution of the finished products to customers

• Includes reverse logistics - returned items flow in the reverse direction from the buyer back to the seller

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Information from Supply Chain Management Systems helps firms:

• Decide when and what to produce, store, and move

• Rapidly communicate orders

• Track the status of orders

• Check inventory availability and monitor inventory levels

Information from Supply Chain Management Systems helps firms: (Continued)

• Reduce inventory, transportation, and warehousing costs

• Track shipments

• Plan production based on actual customer demand

• Rapidly communicate changes in product design

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with existing and potential new customers

• Business and technology discipline

• Uses information system to coordinate entire business processes of a firm

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) (Continued)

• Provides end- to- end customer care

• Provides a unified view of customer across the company

• Consolidates customer data from multiple sources and provides analytical tools for answering questions

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Knowledge Management Systems

• Collects relevant knowledge and make it available wherever and whenever it is needed

• Support business processes and management decisions

• Also link the firm to external sources of knowledge

• Support processes for acquiring, storing, distributing, and applying knowledge

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Information Technology Capital Investment

The Role of Information Systems in Business Today

• How IS transforming business• Increased technology investments• IS provide economic value to business • Increased responsiveness to customer demands• Shifts in media and advertising and commerce • New federal security and accounting laws required

• Globalization opportunities• Internet reduced costs of operating, on global scale

• Customers and firms • Using foreign markets, easily replicate service • E.g. Google and ebay

• Emerging digital firm– It’s significant business relationships are digitally

enabled and mediated– It’s core business processes are accomplished

through digital networks– Key corporate assets are managed digitally

• Digital firms offer greater flexibility in organization and management– Time shifting, space shifting

The Role of Information Systems in Business Today

business process

• Business process : tasks, rules, behaviors that been developed to produce business results.

• eg.– Developing new product– Creating market plan – Hiring an employee

• Considered source of competitive strength• IS automate many business process

• Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives:

– Operational excellence– New products, services, and business models– Customer and supplier intimacy– Improved decision making– Competitive advantage– Survival

The Role of Information Systems in Business Today

• Operational excellence:– Improvement of efficiency of operation to attain

higher profitability– Information technology tool to achieving

greater efficiency and productivity>Practice business and management behavior

based on IT. – E.g. Wal-Mart’s RetailLink system links

suppliers to stores for superior replenishment system

The Role of Information Systems in Business Today

• New products, services, and business models:– Business model: describes how company

produces, delivers, and sells product or service to create wealth

– Information systems and technology a major enabling tool for new products, services, business models

• E.g. Apple’s iPod, iTunes and Netflix’s Internet-based DVD rentals

The Role of Information Systems in Business Today

• Customer and supplier intimacy:– Serving customers well leads to customers

returning, which raises revenues and profits• E.g. High-end hotels that use computers to track

customer preferences and use to monitor and customize environment

– Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs, which lowers costs

• E.g. J.C.Penney’s information system which links sales records to contract manufacturer

• Improved decision-making– Without accurate information:

• Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck• Leads to:

– Overproduction, underproduction of goods and services– Misallocation of resources– Poor response times

• Poor outcomes raise costs, lose customers– IS provide real-time data for making decisions – E.g. Verizon’s Web-based digital dashboard to provide

managers with real-time data on customer complaints, network performance, line outages, etc.

The Role of Information Systems in Business Today

MIS Discipline -Future

Somers (2010) Using the theory of the professions to understand the IS identity crisis, EJIS, Vol. 19, 382-388.

Walsham, G. (2012) Are we making a better world with ICTs? Reflections on a future agenda for the IS field, Jof IT, Vol.27, 87-93.

Serenko, A. ve Jiao, C. (2012) Investigating Information Systems Researchin Canada, Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences- Revue canadienne des sciences de l’administration 29: 3–24 (2012)

Türkiye özelinde nasıl bir çalısma yapabiliriz?(Mehmet Aydın)

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Thank you...