MIS Development. BBA-IT (Hons) 6 th Semester ( Decision Support Systems & Knowledge Management Systems ) By: Farhan Mir. Structured and Unstructured Problems. MANAGERS, DECISION MAKING, AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Decision Support Systems. an information system - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BBA-IT (Hons) 6BBA-IT (Hons) 6thth SemesterSemester((Decision Support Systems & Decision Support Systems & Knowledge Management Knowledge Management SystemsSystems))
Decision Support Systems Decision Support Systems (DSSs)(DSSs)Decision support systems (DSSs) are computer-based information systems that combine models and data in an attempt to solve semistructured and some unstructured problems with extensive user involvement.
DSSs can examine numerous alternatives very quickly.DSSs can provide a systematic risk analysis.DSSs can be integrated with communications systems and databases.DSSs can be used to support group work.DSSs can perform these functions at relatively low cost.
Characteristics and Characteristics and Capabilities of DSSsCapabilities of DSSs
Sensitivity analysis is the study of the impact that changes in one (or more) parts of a model have on other parts.What-if analysis is the study of the impact of a change in the assumptions (input data) on the proposed solution.Goal-seeking analysis is the study that attempts to find the value of the inputs necessary to achieve a desired level of output.
DSSDSSDecision support systems couple the intellectual resources of individuals with the capabilities of the computer to improve the quality of decisions. It is a computer-based support system for management decision makers who deal with semi-structured problems.
User Interface Subsystem User Interface Subsystem (UIS)(UIS)
Covers all aspects of communication between a user and the DSS
It is the interface to the user and consists of a GUI that is typically displayed via a browser
Includes factors that deal with ease of use, accessibility, and human-machine interactions (which incorporate such things as Cognitive Style, Decision Style, and Display Preferences)
Model Management Model Management Subsystem (MMS)Subsystem (MMS)
Model base – contains a model library which stores different classes of models based on criteria such as decision types, user types, etc.Model base management system (MBMS) – software to help create models, data manipulation in models, update models, and create new routines in modelsModeling language – for model building, could be text-based or graphicalModel directory – contains catalog of models, and model definitions (a range of models from Economics to Statistics like forecasting models)
The UserThe User (i.e., manager or (i.e., manager or decision-maker)decision-maker)
Two major classes – managers (users or decision makers) and intermediaries
Managers – look for more user-friendly systems that can do more general analysis and aid in decision-making
Intermediaries – are specialist staff who are trained in detailed-oriented system and are willing to use more complex system. They act as an intermediary between the manager and DSS. Examples are: Staff assistant, Expert tool user, Business (system) analyst, and GSS facilitator
Structured knowledge that is easy to codify Structured knowledge that is easy to codify
Easily manipulated, shared, taught or learnedEasily manipulated, shared, taught or learned
Tacit knowledgeUnstructured knowledge – in the domain of Unstructured knowledge – in the domain of subjective, cognitive, and experiential learningsubjective, cognitive, and experiential learning
Highly personal, hard to formalize and documentHighly personal, hard to formalize and document
Cumulative store of the experiences, mental Cumulative store of the experiences, mental maps, insights, expertise, know-how, trade maps, insights, expertise, know-how, trade secrets, skills set, understanding, etc.secrets, skills set, understanding, etc.
Involves a lot of human interpretationInvolves a lot of human interpretation
What is Knowledge What is Knowledge Management?Management?
Knowledge management (KM) is managing the organization’s knowledge (both explicit and tacit) through the process of creating, structuring, disseminating and applying knowledge to enhance organizational performance and create value
KM requires a major transformation in organizational culture to create a desire to share
Knowledge Management Knowledge Management System (KMS)System (KMS)
Knowledge management system (KMS) provides systematic and active management of ideas, information, and knowledge residing within organization’s employees
Why KMS?
Availability and use of technologies to manage Availability and use of technologies to manage knowledgeknowledge
Used with turnover, change, downsizingUsed with turnover, change, downsizing
Provide consistent levels of serviceProvide consistent levels of service
CommunicationCommunicationAccess knowledgeCommunicates with others
CollaborationCollaborationPerform groupworkSame place/different place
Storage and retrievalStorage and retrievalCapture, storing, retrieval, and management of both explicit and tacit knowledge through collaborative systems
One of the key promises of Knowledge Systems is that these could provide Artificial Intelligence (computer providing advice on problems like human intelligence)
Expert SystemExpert System is the is the application software that utilizes application software that utilizes the mechanism of human the mechanism of human intelligence of reasoning and intelligence of reasoning and therefore could provide decision therefore could provide decision makers with advice they would makers with advice they would receive from such human expertsreceive from such human experts