Miracles in Peace Like a River. Exposition: character, setting, and basic situation. Ruben, Dad (Mr. Land), Davy and Swede A small house in North.

Miracles in Peace Like a RiverMiracles in Peace Like a River

Exposition: character, setting, and basic Exposition: character, setting, and basic

situationsituation.. Ruben, Dad (Mr. Land), Ruben, Dad (Mr. Land),

Davy and SwedeDavy and Swede A small house in North A small house in North

Dakota; winter 1962Dakota; winter 1962 Ruben and his family are Ruben and his family are

poor and without a poor and without a mother. The family mother. The family works hard together but works hard together but they are happy until they are happy until Davy decides to take the Davy decides to take the law into his own hands.law into his own hands.

Flashback: A scene that takes place Flashback: A scene that takes place in the pastin the past

Ruben’s birth to Ruben’s birth to Helen and Jeremiah Helen and Jeremiah land in 1951. Ruben land in 1951. Ruben tells us about his tells us about his birth at the beginning birth at the beginning of the story. He tells of the story. He tells the story of his birth the story of his birth as it was told to him as it was told to him by his father. by his father.

Conflict: a struggle Conflict: a struggle between forces; between forces; conflict usually conflict usually occurs during rising occurs during rising actionaction

Two local bullies Israel Finch Two local bullies Israel Finch and Tommy Basca corner and Tommy Basca corner Davy’s Girl in the gym. Mr. Davy’s Girl in the gym. Mr. Land saves Dolly and beats the Land saves Dolly and beats the boys. They began to harass boys. They began to harass the family. Finch and Basca the family. Finch and Basca take paint the family’s door with take paint the family’s door with tar and then kidnap Swede. tar and then kidnap Swede. Davy breaks the windows in Davy breaks the windows in Finch’s car to tempt them back Finch’s car to tempt them back to the house. He is waiting for to the house. He is waiting for them with a gun and shoots them with a gun and shoots them when they enter the them when they enter the house. Both boys die and he house. Both boys die and he goes to trial but escapes goes to trial but escapes prison. The family starts a prison. The family starts a journey to search for Davy. Mr. journey to search for Davy. Mr. Anderson, a federal agent, is Anderson, a federal agent, is also looking for him.also looking for him.

Atmosphere: mood or feeling of the storyAtmosphere: mood or feeling of the story The setting is winter in The setting is winter in

the woods which is a the woods which is a cold and desolate cold and desolate place. There is lots of place. There is lots of references to cold and references to cold and death in this story. death in this story. This creates an This creates an atmosphere of dread atmosphere of dread and foreboding. and foreboding.

Foreshadowing: a Foreshadowing: a hint or clue that hint or clue that something is going something is going to happento happen

““When Dad had switched When Dad had switched on the porch light, on the porch light, revealing the door, my revealing the door, my stomach jumped. I wanted stomach jumped. I wanted to puke. I’d been standing to puke. I’d been standing by Davy and felt waves by Davy and felt waves ofof something spooky ofof something spooky come off him; I felt straight come off him; I felt straight off that a piece of your off that a piece of your lives had changed, as lives had changed, as certainly as our cheerful certainly as our cheerful green door had gone to green door had gone to black. black.

This foreshadows the This foreshadows the change in Davy that change in Davy that results in the murder of results in the murder of Finch and Basca as well Finch and Basca as well as the change in the as the change in the family’s situation.family’s situation.

The Atonement of Amir in The Atonement of Amir in The Kite Runner The Kite Runner

Protagonist: the main character-Antagonist: Protagonist: the main character-Antagonist: against the main characteragainst the main character

• Protagonist: Amir • Amir is the protagonist because

the story is told by his point of view. It is his story

• Antagonist: Assef• Assef is the antagonist

because he torments Amir and Hassan throughout their childhood and later Amir has to rescue Hassan’s son from him.

Subordinate characters: Minor Subordinate characters: Minor characters in the story.characters in the story.

• Dr. Kumar-the doctor that fixes Hassan’s hairlip.

• Ali-Hassan’s father• Rahim Khan-a friend

of Amir’s. He tells him about Hassan’s son.

• Soraya-Amir’s wife• Sohrab-Hassan’s son

Motivation: the reasons behind a Motivation: the reasons behind a character’s actionscharacter’s actions

• Amir’s motivation to find and rescue Hassan’s son, Sohrab, is to free himself from the guilt he has carried with him since his childhood; over doing nothing while his friend Hassan was raped. It is also a way for him to finally make amends with Hassan.

Flat character: is not fully Flat character: is not fully developeddeveloped

• Sanaubar-She is the mother of Hassan. She is in the story briefly at the beginning. She is portrayed as a stereotypical Jezebel; beautiful and cruel.

Round character: is fully developedRound character: is fully developed• Baba-Amir’s father. He is

a father and a man. We see his good qualities as well as his faults. He showed bravery by getting his family out of Kabul. He showed his selfishness by having an affair with Sanaubar and fathering Hassan.

Dynamic character: changes during Dynamic character: changes during the story.the story.

• Hassan and Amir• Both boy’s lives are

changed forever when Hassan is raped. Their friendship is strained over the guilt that Amir feels.

Static Character: does not change Static Character: does not change during the story.during the story.

• Assef is the same cruel sociopath that he is in the beginning of the story as well as at the end of the story.

The loyalty and cruelty The loyalty and cruelty of the Circus in Water of the Circus in Water

for Elephantsfor Elephants

Narrator: the teller of the storyNarrator: the teller of the storyPoint of view: Omniscient 1st person, or Point of view: Omniscient 1st person, or

third person limitedthird person limited The narrator of our The narrator of our

story is Jacob story is Jacob JanowskiJanowski

This story is told This story is told from the first from the first person point of person point of view. We see view. We see everything from everything from Jacob’s eyes. We Jacob’s eyes. We only get to know only get to know what Jacob is what Jacob is thinking.thinking.

Tone: The writer's attitude Tone: The writer's attitude toward the subjecttoward the subject

This author has a great This author has a great love of the circus. This is love of the circus. This is evident by the writers evident by the writers diction and voice.diction and voice.

Diction: The author has Diction: The author has carefully researched her carefully researched her subject. She uses the subject. She uses the language of the circus: language of the circus: Rube>non-circus people, Rube>non-circus people, First of May>new to First of May>new to working in the circus, working in the circus, rostabout> circus workerrostabout> circus worker

Subject: the topic of a work of Subject: the topic of a work of literatureliterature

The subject The subject of this of this story is the story is the realities of realities of circus lifecircus life

Reality and Fantasy in the Reality and Fantasy in the life of Pilife of Pi

Situational irony: contrary to Situational irony: contrary to what you expect to happenwhat you expect to happen

• At the beginning of the book At the beginning of the book Pi says, “Richard Parker has Pi says, “Richard Parker has stayed with me. I have never stayed with me. I have never forgotten him.” Pi talks of forgotten him.” Pi talks of Richard Parker as if he is Richard Parker as if he is human so as a reader you human so as a reader you believe he is; and do not believe he is; and do not realize it is a tiger until further realize it is a tiger until further on in the book. Finding out on in the book. Finding out that Richard Parker is actually that Richard Parker is actually a tiger is situational irony.a tiger is situational irony.

Verbal Irony: the opposite of Verbal Irony: the opposite of what you meanwhat you mean

• ““Mr. Okamoto: ‘Very Mr. Okamoto: ‘Very Interesting.’ Mr. Interesting.’ Mr. Chiba: ‘What a Chiba: ‘What a story” (Martel, story” (Martel, 291). Both men 291). Both men don’t really mean don’t really mean the story is the story is interesting. They interesting. They believe that Pi is believe that Pi is lying. This is verbal lying. This is verbal irony.irony.

Dramatic Irony: the audience knows Dramatic Irony: the audience knows what happens but the character what happens but the character doesn’t knowdoesn’t know• ““So the explosion, So the explosion,

if there was one, if there was one, was not a new was not a new noise. It was an noise. It was an irregular noise” irregular noise” (Martel, 191). We (Martel, 191). We the audience the audience know the ship is know the ship is about to sink but about to sink but young Pi only young Pi only believes it is just believes it is just ship noises.ship noises.

Ambiguity: A quality that allows Ambiguity: A quality that allows something to be interpreted in several something to be interpreted in several different waysdifferent ways

• The Life of Pi has an The Life of Pi has an ambiguous ending. Pi ambiguous ending. Pi tells two stories to the tells two stories to the Japanese men. One is Japanese men. One is the story he tells the the story he tells the narrator about the narrator about the animals in the life boat. animals in the life boat. The other story has no The other story has no animals, only humans. It animals, only humans. It is never clear which story is never clear which story is the “real” story. It is is the “real” story. It is left up to the reader to left up to the reader to decide. decide.

Women bought and sold in Women bought and sold in The Girl with a Pearl The Girl with a Pearl

EarringEarring

Symbol: something that stands Symbol: something that stands for more than itself. for more than itself.

• The Pearl The Pearl earring can earring can stand for the stand for the life that Griet life that Griet can never can never have with have with Vermeer.Vermeer.

Allegory: A story that stands for Allegory: A story that stands for something more than itself.something more than itself.

• The story is a The story is a representation of representation of the painting by the painting by Johannes Johannes Vermeer. The Vermeer. The author uses it as author uses it as an inspiration for an inspiration for her fictional story. her fictional story.

Imagery: Language that Imagery: Language that appeals to the one or more of appeals to the one or more of the 5 senses.the 5 senses.

• “ “ A woman stood in front of a A woman stood in front of a table, turned towards a mirror on table, turned towards a mirror on the wall so that she was in profile. the wall so that she was in profile. She wore a mantle of rich yellow She wore a mantle of rich yellow satin trimmed with white ermine, satin trimmed with white ermine, and a fashionable five-pointed red and a fashionable five-pointed red ribbon in her hair. A window t hr ribbon in her hair. A window t hr from the left, falling across her from the left, falling across her face and tracing the delicate curve face and tracing the delicate curve of her forehead and nose. She of her forehead and nose. She was tying a string of pearls around was tying a string of pearls around her neck, holding the ribbons up, her neck, holding the ribbons up, her hands suspended in the air” her hands suspended in the air” (Chevalier, 36). This appeals to (Chevalier, 36). This appeals to the sense of sight and it describes the sense of sight and it describes one of Vermeer’s paintings. one of Vermeer’s paintings.

Simile: compares two unlike Simile: compares two unlike things using like or as.things using like or as.

• ““His eyes came to His eyes came to rest on me like a rest on me like a butterfly on a flower butterfly on a flower and I could not keep and I could not keep from blushing” from blushing” (Chevalier, 40). This (Chevalier, 40). This is simile. The writer is simile. The writer compares his eyes compares his eyes to a butterfly. to a butterfly.

Metaphor: compares two unlike Metaphor: compares two unlike things without using like or as.things without using like or as.

• ““His blond hair was His blond hair was long and thick with long and thick with curls, framing a face curls, framing a face that made me think of that made me think of apricots” (Chevalier, apricots” (Chevalier, 40). This is a 40). This is a metaphor. The author metaphor. The author compares his face to compares his face to an apricot as if to an apricot as if to suggest he had suggest he had smooth skin colored smooth skin colored like an apricot. like an apricot.

Climax: the most exciting part of the Climax: the most exciting part of the storystory

Falling action: Falling action:

Resolution: the end of a storyResolution: the end of a story

Theme: The general idea or insight Theme: The general idea or insight about human life.about human life.