MIPAS Observations of Organic compounds in the Upper Troposphere J.J. Remedios, D.P. Moore, R.J, Parker and M. Panchal EOS-SRC, Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, U.K. With acknowledgements to IMK, G. Allen and A. Waterfall
MIPAS Observations of Organic compounds in the Upper Troposphere
J.J. Remedios, D.P. Moore, R.J, Parker and M. PanchalEOS-SRC, Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, U.K.
With acknowledgements to IMK, G. Allen and A. Waterfall
Structure of the Talk
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 2
In this overview:1. History:
• Early motivation• Detection of organic compounds in i/r spectra• Importance of volatile organic compounds
2. MIPAS measurements of organics
3. Hydrocarbons and biomass burning
4. More Reactive Organics:• PAN and acetone• Formic acid and Formaldehyde
5. Future prospects and challenges
Early Motivation
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 3
Arnold, GRL, 2003: Comparison of chemical responses to the injection of a convective plume of fresh acetone into the UT for the recommended acetone quantum yields (RQY, dotted) and the new acetone quantum yields (NQY, dashed). A base run without acetone is shown by the solid curves.
Effect of rates:Old – dottedNew ‐ dashed
Detection of Organics I
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 4
MIPAS-B2 (balloon) Detection method: Remedios et al, ACP, 2007 [MIPAS-E Envisat also, e.g. Fischer et al, 2008]
• ΔY = Measured (MIPAS) –– Simulated (without target gas) –“Observation”
• ΔF = Simulated (with target gas) — Simulated (without) – “Simulation”
PAN Formic acid
Detection of Organics II
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 5
MIPAS-B2 (balloon) Detection method: Remedios et al, ACP, 2007; [MIPAS-E Envisat also, e.g. Fischer et al, 2008]
• ΔY = Measured (MIPAS) –– Simulated (without target gas) –“Observation”
• ΔF = Simulated (with target gas) — Simulated (without) – “Simulation”AcetoneMIPAS‐B2
AcetoneMIPAS‐E
Importance of VOCs
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 6
Volatile Organic compounds:
1. Free tropospheric chemistry:• Influence on ozone production/loss depending on Nox• Influence on OH• Sources of other reactive organics
2. Tracers of atmospheric dynamics• Biomass burning export/disturbance to the upper troposphere• Long-range transport• Monsoon anticyclone
3. Indicators of emission sources and plume chemistry• Emission ratios• Photochemical clocking
MIPAS‐E Organics
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 7
Organic compound retrievals
a) F.T. i/r emission spectrom: 685‐2410 cm‐
1 in 4 bands. 0.025 cm‐1 resn. (unapod.)
b) Limb Sounding: 3 km vertical resn; 3‐1.5 km spacing in the UTLS.
c) Coverage: pole to pole. Profiles every 75 s or approx. 500 km.
d) Operational products:
• Calibrated infra‐red spectra (level 1b)
• p/T, O3, H2O, HNO3, CH4, N2O, NO2
(level 2)
Gas Spectral region (cm‐1)
Ethyne (C2H2) 776
Ethane (C2H6) 822
PAN 790
Acetone 1220
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
745
Formaldehyde 1720
Formic acid 1100
Hydrocarbon transport
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 8
ratio
ratio
August 2003: Ratios to CO: source, “photochemical clock”;
R. Parker , PhD thesis
MOPITT CO
C2H6
C2H2
Biomass burning – October 2003
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 9
MOPITT CO
(D)C2H6 (D)C2H2
HCN OLR
PAN
October 2003: C2H2, HCN tracers, PAN activity; HCN – M. Panchal, Leicester; Glatthor poster
Biomass burning: PAN
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 10
October 2003 - D.P. Moore (see poster also)Follows Glatthor et al, ACP, 2007
Biomass burning: Ozone variations
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 11
Ozone variations in biomass burning plumes (Von Clarmann, ACP, 2007)
Blue – Africa plume Red – Tropical American plumeGreen – Australian/Indonesian
October 2003: PAN, fires, wind; 259 mbD. Moore, Leicester; also ACPD submitted
PAN and acetone co‐variations
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 12
August 2003High Northern hemisphere amountsSteeper gradients in acetone compared to PAN
PAN Acetone
Glatthor et al, 2007
Formic acid
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 13
October 2003 (Leicester retrieval – D. Moore)Similar to ACE results for different year (Gonzalez-Abad, ACPD, 2009)Biomass burning signalHigh Northern hemisphere amounts
Formaldehyde
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 14
Steck et al, ACP, 2008Very low signal, 3 nW (cm2 sr cm-1)Zonal mean. Daytime – nighttime difference at 40 km.Tropical enhancement > 60 pptv
Future prospects/challenges
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 15
1. Excellent progress – a whole new class of measurements (with ACE)
2. Prospects are excellent for very good complementary measurementsto ACE
3. Emission sources – how well can we characterise these?
4. Plume differences – can we characterise photochemical consequences
5. Should we be making retrievals of some of these new species operational?
6. New measurement systems: • IASI• PREMIER