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Ministry of Science & Technology
Science , Technology and Innovation Indicators ByHASSAN BASHIR
ELAMIN ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDirector ;Human Resources
Development.UNESCO Sub-Regional Training Workshop .Cairo: 28 30
Sept. 2009
Republic of Sudan
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Part OneGeneral Features of the Country
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1.1 Geographical Setting:1.1.1 Position and Population:
Land surface: 2,505,813 sq. kmTotal Population estimate (2007):
38,600,000.Population density: 13/sq. km.Average yearly population
growth rate (1998-2003): 2.63%
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Demographic & Health Highlights
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Capital Natural Resources Land use
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1.1.3.2 Sea coast, Lakes and Rivers:Climate.1.1.3.3 Renewable
National Resources.1.1.3.4 Non-Renewable Natural Resources. 1.1.3.4
Chief ports1.1.3.4 Political Features
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YearGDP - real growth rateRankPercent ChangeDate of
Information20035.10 %352002 est.20045.90 %3815.69 %2003
est.20056.40 %418.47 %2004 est.20068.00 %3025.00 %2005 est.20079.60
%2020.00 %2006 est.200812.80 %633.33 %2007 est.
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Natural resources: petroleum; small reserves of iron ore,
copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold,
hydropowerDefinition: This entry lists a country's mineral,
petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial
importance.
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GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 31.5%
industry: 35.7%
services: 32.8% (2007 est.)
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2.2The Comprehensive National Strategy (2007 2011):
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Part TwoNational Science & Technology Policy Structure
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3.1- Introduction3.2. The Organizational Chart3.3 Ministry of
Science and Technology (MOST)
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3.3.1 MOST Science and Technology Policy:3.3.2 MOST Targets.
3.3.3 MOST Organizational Set-Up1.Science and technology sector: 2.
Information Technology Sector: 3.Inter-relation and Technology
Transfer sector:
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**MOST: TOTAL WORK
FORCE1026444143242940500100015002000250030003500400045005000ResearchersA/Res.TechSupportNUMBER
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** MOST
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3. 4. Structural set up of the Ministry of Higher Education
& Scientific Research1-The specialized scientific
committees:-2- Permanent committees:-3- Institutions for higher
education and scientific research.
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Building up the National Scientific and Technological
PotentialPart Three
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4.1 Manpower Development4. 1.1 Education: 4.1.1.1 General
EducationTable (1): percentage increase in general education
schools
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4.1.1.2: Higher Education:Table (2): Students Enrollment and
Graduation in Universities:
No92/932007In crease %1.Enrolled 250184347773.78%2.Graduated
1318338217189.9%
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Table (3): Students enrolled by field of study:
NoNo in 92/93No in 99/20001.Education 412372692.Humanities &
fine Art441564123.Social sciences & Business ness
Administration & law2012125914.Natural Sciences
168538945.Engineering sciences 253945456.Agriculture
233645537.Health and social services
176040368.Services148177Total2501843477
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Distribution of admission according to sex ratio
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% Student enrollment ratio:
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School Enrolment (School-Universities-Postgraduate)
UNIDO
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Table (8) Education in Communication Engineering4.1.1.3
Education in Information and Communication Technology : Table (7)
No. of Students and Universities in information
The levelNo. of StudentsNo of UniversitiesM..Sc1033B.Sc4807H.
D.6005Short training Courses2000Over 100
The levelNo. of StudentsNo of UniversitiesM..Sc183B.Sc1504H.
D.803Short training CoursesMany-
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Table (9) No. of Training centers/Computers Programes
Item No.Training centers 139 Hardware Computers 826Training
programmes 49Trainees/month 3465Trainers/month 110
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Table (12):Public Vocational Training Centres
NoCentres LocationFoundation DateFinancing Resource1.Khartoum
(1) Vocational Training Centre1957Sudan government + International
Organization2.Malakal V.TC1981Sudan gvt + I.L.O3.Khartoum (2)
V.T.C1964Sudan gvt + Federal Republic of Germany 4.Kosti
V.T.C1969Sudan gvt 5.Medani V.T.C1970Sudan gvt + I.L.o6.Wau
V.T.C1974Sudan gvt + Federal Republic of Germany7.Juba
V.T.C1980Sudan gvt + I.L.o
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8.Port Sudan V.T.C1981Sudan gvt + Federal Republic of
Germany9.Chinese Friendship V.T.C1989Sudan gvt + China gvt10.Niyala
V.T.C1990Sudan gvt + I.L.O11.Elobeid V.T.C1991Sudan gvt +
I.L.O12Khartoum (3) V.T.C1994Sudan gvt 13.Korean V.T.C1996Sudan gvt
+ Southern Korean gvt
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4.2 Research and Development Potential 4.2.1 Institutions of
(MOST)
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Number of researchers per (1000) population
Sudan (0.07)
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Number of Researchers per 10000 Population
Developed countries
Arab countries
Sudan
0.7
1.7
75
Chart1
75
1.7
0.2
Chart2
2.8
1.5
0.2
Chart3
0.1
3
20
Sheet1
751.70.2
2.81.50.2
0.1320
Sheet2
Sheet3
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Table (13): (MOST) Institutions staff distribution (2003)
NoInstitution Human
ResourceResearchersTechniciansLabouresTotal1.ARC4231434345553122.ARRC28254860814383.NCR3183732389294.NAEC274824995.IRCC8294702466.ESRC15718407.ERC355627118
Total1182256044408182
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Table (14) (2007)
NoInstitutionProgramsProject1.ARC24992.ARRC11513.NCR511134.IRCC6165.ERESC5176.ESRC11547.ERC478.Information
Technology4209.Technology Transfer626 Total115503
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Part Four
Objectives, Achievements, Limiting Factors and Constraints in
the Field of Science and Technology Policy:
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5.1 Objectives:some of the objectives of the strategy:1.Putting
in place comprehensive development plans to cover all aspects of
life and sectors of the society.2.Self realization, assertion of
individual and common entities, indigenous, ideological
reconnaissance, activation and promotion of capabilities,
comprehensive scientific manipulation of the future national
aspiration.3.The establishment of a scientific and technological
body to enhance the capacity of science and technology
research.
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4.Discover and exploit the huge natural resources of the
Sudan.5.Build up a capable and dynamic scientific and technological
potential (STP).6.Transfer, assimilate and diffuse advanced foreign
technology. 7.Build a solid industrial base.8.Build a healthy
economy in line with developed countries.9. Shake up the Sudanese
mentality and attitudes by cultivating and inoculating the values
of hard meticulous.
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5.2 Achievements:-The following are a few examples of the many
achievement of the strategy:1. Establishment of a Ministry for
Science and Technology as the main body responsible for science and
technology issues with the sole responsibility for:-- Coordination
of efforts in science and technology in all institution responsible
for R&D.- Creation of national and international linkages. -
Develop new means of technology transfer .
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2. Establishment of a special department in the council of
ministers for meterology and standardization.3. Ministerial higher
council for environment .4. A number of international agreements
have been made with R&D Institutions abroad. 5. Agreements with
International organization inside and outside the UN system. 6.
Capacity for development has been enhanced through establishment of
central facilites e.g Central laboratory, training of personal
etc.
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7. establishment of special sector to cater for information and
communication services 8. Facilitation of scientific &
technological interaction involving the government sector, industry
and NGOs.9. The already existing hospitals were rehabilitated.10.
Pharmaceutical industry flourished, 14 plants are now producing
drugs, medicines and medical supplies.11. Investment was encouraged
and prestudied projects in industry & agriculture were
promoted. j
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12. An understanding and friendly trade union facilitate the
interaction between the different levels.13. The privatization
policy diminished the role of the government in the services and
production sectors.14. Liberalization and restructuring of the
economy, (lifting of control on foreign currency, amendment in the
banking and fixation systems). 15. Sustainable growth of GDP by 6%.
16. There is an increase in export particularly oil and gold which
had its positive impact on the trade balance.
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17. Foreign investment was on the increase: 5 billion dollars
was the value of investment during the nineteen nineties. 18. The
infrastructure for the oil industry was developed .19. In education
illiteracy campaigns were launched.20. A satelite receiving station
was erected. 21. Communication services extended to almost all
parts of the country.
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5.3 Constraints:some of the limiting factors and
constraints:1.The very ambitious nature of the strategy that set
goals uneasy to attain.2. Illiteracy of the stakeholders.3. The
foreign aid for the development projects was ever diminishing due
to political reasons. 4. The servicing of the foreign debts
absorbed more of the hard currency.5. Allocation of resources to
meet the requirement of the implementation of the federal system
had in some way hampered the development.
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6. The degradation of the social situation of society due to
mounting inflation and demographic changes resulting from war and
natural conditions.7. In some instances weak management of research
institutes.8. Low contribution of the private sector in STI
expenditure.9. Patenting (International/ Local).10. Qualitative
research outputs.
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**PrivateGOVSUPPLY OF HUMAN RESOURCES (Universities +
Colleges)Higher Education Revolution51
34universitiescolleges
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*13PRODUCTIVITY GAP (Agr) Large room for improvement through
Research & Technology Transfer A long agricultural Research
History A big gap between research farm and farmers
productivity
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*14NATIONAL COUNCIL for S & T MandateApproving and Endorsing
Policies & Strategies for Science & TechnologyOverseeing
Plans & Implementation of Applied ResearchDeploying Human &
Research CapabilitiesThrough its Broad membership Assisting on
Transfer of Research Outputs to End UsersFund Raising for
Rehabilitating & Equipping Institutions Encouraging Bilateral,
Regional & Interregional cooperationAdvising Government on
Science & Technology
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*15RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS Governmental Institutions: Ministry of
Science & Technology (9 institutions)Ministry of Higher
Education & Scientific Research (Basic and Applied)Ministry of
Energy: Petroleum Research Geological researchMinistry of
Irrigation & water Resources:Hydraulic Research StationMinistry
of Health : National Health Labs.Sugar Corporation: Genaid Research
StationPrivate Sector:Kenana Agricultural Research CentreArab
Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development
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