Ministry of Labour and Social Security Occupational Health and Safety Centre

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Ministry of Labour and Social Security Occupational Health and Safety Centre İSGÜM Bursa Laboratory Canset YAVAŞ Physicist

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Content of Presentation

• Definitions• Health effects• Vibration Directive• Standarts• Parameters for measurement• Measurement and assessment of whole body

vibration• Measurement and assessment of hand arm vibration

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Vibration

• Vibration refers to mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point

• Frequency is a number of cycles per unit time

(in SI units hertz)

Animation courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Kettering University

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Definitions• Hand-Arm Vibration:The mechanical vibration

that, when transmitted to the human hand arm system entails risk to the health and safety of workers, in particular vascular bone or joint, neurological or muscular disorders

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Definitions• Whole Body Vibration: The mechanical vibration

that, when transmitted to the whole body, entails risks to the health and safety of workers,in particular lower-back morbidity and trauma of the spine

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Health Effects of Hand Arm Vibration

Vacsular Disorders

• Dead or white finger

• Raynaud’s phenomenon of occupational origin

• Vibration-induced white finger

Neurological Disorders

Carpal Tunel Syndrome

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Health Effects of Whole Body Vibration

• Lower-back pain,

Back, shoulder or neck disorders

Exposure to whole body

vibration may cause

• Discomfort

• Aggravate pre-existing back injuries

• Motion sickness (low frequency vibration)

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Vibration Directive

• For hand - arm vibration;

The daily exposure limit value: 5 m/s2

the daily exposure action value :2,5 m/s2

• For Whole body vibration;

The daily exposure limit value: 1,15 m/s2

the daily exposure action value :0,5 m/s2

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Vibration Directive

Obligations of Employers

• Determination and assessment of risk

assessment of mechanical vibration exposure levels

• Avoiding or reducing exposure

identifying meausers for control of exposure

• Worker information and training

• Health Surveillance

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Standards

• ISO 5349-1:2001 Mechanical vibration- Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 1: General requirements

• ISO 5349-2:2001 Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace

• ISO 2631-1:1997 Mechanical vibration and shock -Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 1: General requirements

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Measurement Device

Measuring equipment should comply with the ISO 8041:2005 Human response to vibration - Measuring instrumentation

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Parameters for exposure assessment

Time

Time

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Hand arm Vibration Weighting

Hz

acce

lera

tion

Wh

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Whole Body Vibration Weighting

acceleration

Hz

wd,wk

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x

X axis:

Back to chest

Y axis:

Left to right

Z axis:

Head to toe

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X axis: Trough the hand

Y axis: Across the hand

Z axis: Along the lenght of the hand arm

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Measurement of Whole Body Vibration

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Assessment of Whole Body Vibration

1. Daily Vibration Exposure A(8)

2. Vibration Dose Value (VDV)

(Both measures are dependent on a measured acceleration value)

A x (8) : 1,4*awx* √Texp/T0 T0 : 8 hour reference period

A y (8) : 1,4*awy* √Texp/T0 Texp: Exposure time

A z (8) : 1*awz* √Texp/T0

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Crest Factor

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Assessment of Whole Body Vibration

• Vibration Dose Value (VDV) More sensitive to peaks

VDV exp,x : 1,4*VDVx* (Texp/Tmeas)1/4 m/s1,75

VDV exp,y : 1,4*VDVy* (Texp/Tmeas) 1/4m/s1,75

VDV exp,z : 1*VDVz* (Texp/Tmeas) 1/4m/s1,75

Texp: Exposure time Tmeas:Measurement time

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Daily Exposure A(8) where there is one task

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Daily Exposure A(8) where there is more than one task

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Vibration Dose Value where there is one task

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Vibration Dose Value where there is more than one task

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Measurement of Hand Arm Vibration

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Assessment of Hand Arm Vibration

• Daily Exposure Value A (8)ahwx : Frequency weighted (rms) acceleration value for x

axis

ahwy : Frequency weighted (rms) acceleration value for y axis

ahwz : Frequency weighted (rms) acceleration value for z axis

Total Vibration Value ahv : √a2 hwx+ a2 hwy+ a2 hwz

A (8): ahv* √Texp/T0

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Daily Exposure A(8)

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Daily Exposure A(8) Where there is more than one task

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Thank you

[email protected]