MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators: Trends and Challenges in South Eastern Europe Edmond.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE

Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators: Trends and Challenges in South

Eastern Europe

Edmond Agolli, MoES Salvatore Bushati, ASA

2-3 October 2008, Belgrade

R&D Management Framework and Network of InstitutionsR&D Management Framework and Network of Institutions

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

Council of Higher Education and Science

Ministry of Education and Science

Academy of SciencesMoES

Community

RI RCRI RC NGO RC

Scientific Research Directorate

Universities RIRI- Research Institutes

RC- Research Centers

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM IN ALBANIA

PARLIAMENT

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

Council of Higher Educationand Sciences

Scientific ResearchDirectorate

Academy of Sciences Universities

Ministries’ ScientificResearch Directorate

RI RC

RI RC Private Sector - R&D

MultinationalCompanies

Small andMedium

Enterprises

NGO 10 privateuniversities

RI RC

C&ATT

RI CI C&ATT

- Research Institutes- Research Centres

- Centres and Agencies of Technological Transfering

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE



LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Law on Science and Technological Development

- Law on Higher Education

- Governmental Decisions

- CHES Decisions



Law of Academy of Science

- Ministerial Regulations



F I N A N C I N G

National Programs through MOES

Direct State Budget

International Programmes and Projects

Others



Ministry of Education and Science The main governmental body responsible for the R&D activities

Responsible for the National Programmes including financing

Main consultant to the Government for the development policy

Main information point for the community

Responsible for the bilateral agreements

Support for different activities and actions



National Programmes on Priority Areas

Describe the main development objectives

Prepared by Groups of experts

Approved by CSPTD

Implemented through projects (standard procedures)

MOES is responsible for implementation and financing



Academy of Science of Albania

performs studies and research of theoretical and practical character in different domains of albanologic, social, natural

and technical sciences assists in discovering new domains of studies and research

provides suggestions and necessary expertise to the higher government institutions in resolving problems considered as important for the country development

promotes and encourages the active participation of associations,

scientific foundations and outer collaborators in scientific activity

continues



programs, plans and endorses their activity in maintaining

and acquiring scientific awards and prizes.

Academy of Science of Albania

disseminations the scientific product to the end users, public and non public , to contribute to the sustainability

development of the country cooperation in the different programs with the other academies

provide the Annual Report

ASA is a important institution partner of MoES

R&D Management Framework and Network of InstitutionsR&D Management Framework and Network of Institutions



MAIN PROBLEMS CSPTD was unable to play its role, because of its composition Is replaced by CHES Limited competences and insufficient supporting infrastructure Very dispersed system with small units Inability of RI to adopt their development according to the new realty

Low R&D activity in Universities Lack of standards of quality Low collaboration and co-operation between different units

continues



Brain drain

Old equipment and lack of the basic infrastructure

Lack of information on the respective communities in other countries

Very low international integration

High and unnecessary number of Universities and Institutes

MAIN PROBLEMS



Reorganisation:

Less RI, with clear objectives to fit the country development needs

Adoption of better management framework

Introduction of standards Introduction of Research indicators (OECD) Well-defined procedures for application for financing Accreditation of Universities

continuesActions for changing

Integration of Higher Education with Research



Office of Foreign Relations

Office of Foreign Relations

Executive CouncilExecutive Council

ACADEMY OF SCIENCESACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Institute of Linguistics and Literature

Institute of Linguistics and Literature

Institute of ArchaeologyInstitute of Archaeology

Institute of Nuclear PhysicInstitute of Nuclear Physic

Center of Art StudiesCenter of Art Studies

Institute of Folc CultureInstitute of Folc Culture

Center of Albanian EncyclopediaCenter of Albanian Encyclopedia

Institute of EconomyInstitute of Economy

Institute of HydrometeorologyInstitute of Hydrometeorology

Institute of SeismologyInstitute of Seismology

Institute of Biological ResearchInstitute of Biological ResearchInstitute of HistoryInstitute of History

Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics

Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics

Center for Geographical StudiesCenter for Geographical Studies

Center for Hydraulic ResearchCenter for Hydraulic Research

ASA AssemblyASA Assembly

ASA ChairmanshipASA Chairmanship

General Sector

General Sector

Section of Social ScienceSection of Social ScienceUnit of RTD ProjectsUnit of RTD Projects

Publishing OfficePublishing Office Scientific Library Scientific Library

Section of Natural and Technical Sciences

Section of Natural and Technical Sciences

Thus, all of the institutes of social and Albanological sciences created Thus, all of the institutes of social and Albanological sciences created the Center of Social and Albanological Studies, which stands at a inter-the Center of Social and Albanological Studies, which stands at a inter-university level; university level;

with the Institute of Informatics was created the Faculty of with the Institute of Informatics was created the Faculty of Technologies of Information at the Polytechnic University of Tirana Technologies of Information at the Polytechnic University of Tirana (PUT), within which the Center for Research and Development of (PUT), within which the Center for Research and Development of Information Technologies was created; Information Technologies was created;

with the Institute of Seismology, Institute of Geology and some with the Institute of Seismology, Institute of Geology and some departments of Geological Survey, the Institute of Geosciences was departments of Geological Survey, the Institute of Geosciences was created at the PUT;created at the PUT;

the Institute of Hydro-Meteorology and the Center of Hydraulic Studies the Institute of Hydro-Meteorology and the Center of Hydraulic Studies created the Institute of Energy, Water and Environment at the PUT; created the Institute of Energy, Water and Environment at the PUT;

the Institute of Biological Research was transformed into the the Institute of Biological Research was transformed into the Department of Food Technology, at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Department of Food Technology, at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Tirana (UT);the University of Tirana (UT);

the Institute of Nuclear Physics was transformed into the Center of the Institute of Nuclear Physics was transformed into the Center of Nuclear and Applied Physics at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Nuclear and Applied Physics at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the UT, etc.UT, etc.



THE STRUCTURE OF ASA

GOVERNMENT

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

ASA Assembly

Section of SocialScience

ASA Chairmanship

Section of Natural andTechnical Science

General Sector Scientific Library

PublishingOffice

ITOffice of ForeignRelations

Unit of R&DProjects

Executive Council

Infrastructure

Actions for changing

Local Area Networks for all units Realized in all universities and ASA,

Internet access Partially realized

National academic network Under development

International co-operation

Bilateral agreements Regional actions

Join main european and international programmes





New organization of Academy of Science

A new Research System

In the end of 2007 year we had:



Until now Albania has not used any national Until now Albania has not used any national classification and in this reality is very difficult to classification and in this reality is very difficult to transform the existing indicators on R&D into the transform the existing indicators on R&D into the internationally accepted internationally accepted Frascati Frascati classification.classification.

In this situation the government expenditures on In this situation the government expenditures on R&D in Albania evaluated as a part of 85% of the R&D in Albania evaluated as a part of 85% of the expenses by the research institutions. expenses by the research institutions.

Collecting S&T statistics



0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Th

ou

sa

nd

s (

US

$)

GDP(US$) 85% for R&D

Government Expenditure on R&D



Government expenditure on R&D/GDP

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

as % on GDP 0.17 0.14 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18



Research and Development personnel

by scientific field by sector

Human resources

Number of Doctors

Number of Professors

Number of young researchers

Number of Researchers



Official statistics for human resources in science Official statistics for human resources in science and technology in Albania for R&D employees and and technology in Albania for R&D employees and researchers do not equate to Full Time Equivalents researchers do not equate to Full Time Equivalents (FTE) as defined in the OECD’s (FTE) as defined in the OECD’s FrascatiFrascati manual. manual.

The only one national statistical institution (INSTAT) The only one national statistical institution (INSTAT) in Albania in Albania

has not provided the statistics for the R&Dhas not provided the statistics for the R&D. .



Infrustructure is in a stabilization processInfrustructure is in a stabilization process Indicators on S&T are not relation to OECD, Frascati ManualIndicators on S&T are not relation to OECD, Frascati Manual Survey instruments such as questionnaires, manuals, etc., are Survey instruments such as questionnaires, manuals, etc., are

missedmissed Methodologies for collection of data and analysis are missedMethodologies for collection of data and analysis are missed Funds are missedFunds are missed Qualified people is missedQualified people is missed Etc.Etc.

So, in conclusion, why data on R&D are not currently being collected, are:



How we have to do to initiate collecting of R&D data in the near future and possible approaches.

To create a new infrastructure (new sector, agency, etc.),To create a new infrastructure (new sector, agency, etc.), To use the currently international indicators on S&T,To use the currently international indicators on S&T, Use of international survey instruments such as UNESCO Use of international survey instruments such as UNESCO

questionnaires, Frascati manual, etc. in collaboration with UIS questionnaires, Frascati manual, etc. in collaboration with UIS (or other institutions),(or other institutions),

Use of new Methodologies for collection of data and analysis in Use of new Methodologies for collection of data and analysis in collaboration with UIS (or other institutions),collaboration with UIS (or other institutions),

To train people,To train people, To find funds from UNESCO, EC, etc., through joint projects in To find funds from UNESCO, EC, etc., through joint projects in

collaboration with countries that are present,collaboration with countries that are present,

Finally:



THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators: Trends and Challenges in South Eastern Europe Edmond.

Documents

research slide

financing slide

belgrade slide

center of social

albanological sciences

research of theoretical

main development objectives

institutes of social