MINISTERY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CE 4017 Airport Engineering PRESENTER DAW KYAING LECTURER.

MINISTERY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYMINISTERY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYYANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYYANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CE 4017 Airport EngineeringCE 4017 Airport Engineering

PRESENTER PRESENTER DAW KYAINGDAW KYAING

LECTURERLECTURERDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

WEST YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYWEST YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

RUNWAYSRUNWAYS

Runway OrientationRunway Orientation

Runway OrientationRunway Orientation

Runways are always oriented in Runways are always oriented in the direction of prevailing windthe direction of prevailing wind

Aircraft not maneuver safely at Aircraft not maneuver safely at the wind contains a large the wind contains a large component at right angle to the component at right angle to the direction of traveldirection of travel

Right angle component of windRight angle component of wind

““Cross wind”Cross wind”

θ

V sin θ

Runway Center Line

v

V c

os θ

Wind Direction

θv

Cross Wind Component

Wind Rose DiagramWind Rose Diagram

velocity, direction, duration are represented by a velocity, direction, duration are represented by a diagram diagram “Wind Rose” “Wind Rose”

Use graphical procedure Use graphical procedure

to analyze the wind data for the to analyze the wind data for the determination of determination of the best runway orientationthe best runway orientation

Wind rose diagram wind covers angle 22.5 degreeWind rose diagram wind covers angle 22.5 degree

AssumeAssume wind come from any pt. within 22.5 wind come from any pt. within 22.5 degreedegree

DataData 5 to 10 years 5 to 10 years

Two MethodsTwo Methods

Method IMethod I

Method IIMethod II

Method IMethod I

Absence of wind velocity, not account Absence of wind velocity, not account for cross wind componentfor cross wind component

Not so accurate Not so accurate

Radial LineRadial Line Wind Direction Wind Direction

Frequency of wind is marked on radial Frequency of wind is marked on radial line (Scale)line (Scale)

Plotted pt. are joined by straight linePlotted pt. are joined by straight line

The best runwayThe best runway longest line on wind longest line on wind rose diagramrose diagram

Method IIMethod II

Wind dataWind dataDirection, Duration, IntensityDirection, Duration, IntensityCircle Circle Wind velocity Wind velocityRadial Line Radial Line Wind Direction Wind Direction% of frequency % of frequency appropriate appropriate

segmentsegmentV V < 6.4kmph (4mph) < 6.4kmph (4mph) “Calm Period” “Calm Period”Separate Circle Separate Circle Calm Period Calm Period

Typical Wind DataTypical Wind Data % of Wind s% of Wind s

DirectionDirection 6.4-15 6.4-15 15-3015-30 30-4730-47 TotalTotal

NN 3.63.6 -- -- 3.63.6

NNENNE 2.72.7 0.10.1 -- 2.82.8

NENE 6.56.5 1.01.0 0.30.3 7.87.8

ENEENE 4.34.3 0.70.7 -- 5.05.0

EE 6.96.9 3.03.0 0.40.4 10.310.3

ESEESE 2.12.1 0.10.1 -- 2.22.2

SESE 5.45.4 0.20.2 -- 5.65.6

SSESSE 2.62.6 0.30.3 -- 2.92.9

SS 8.08.0 0.20.2 -- 8.28.2

SSWSSW 5.35.3 0.40.4 -- 5.75.7

SWSW 6.16.1 1.01.0 0.20.2 7.37.3

WSWWSW 4.44.4 0.50.5 -- 4.94.9

WW 3.83.8 0.70.7 0.40.4 4.94.9

WNWWNW 6.76.7 0.90.9 -- 7.67.6

NWNW 7.47.4 0.30.3 -- 7.77.7

NNWNNW 3.93.9 0.20.2 -- 4.14.1

Calms PeriodCalms Period 0-6.40-6.4 9.4%9.4%

TotalTotal 100100

The best runway The best runway EW EW

Available wind coverage = 97% Available wind coverage = 97% > > 95%95%

O.KO.K

Another - EX. 1. (see page 145)Another - EX. 1. (see page 145)

Wind coverage = 95%Wind coverage = 95%

(i) cross wind component = 15kmph (i) cross wind component = 15kmph

The best runway orientation = ?The best runway orientation = ?

If insufficient wind coverage If insufficient wind coverage

Direction of optimal crosswind Direction of optimal crosswind runway = ?runway = ?

(ii) Crosswind runway orientation = 30(ii) Crosswind runway orientation = 30◦ ◦ to to 210210◦ ◦ ==> total wind coverage = ? ==> total wind coverage = ?

(i.e primary runway & crosswind runway)(i.e primary runway & crosswind runway)

The best runway orientation = 90The best runway orientation = 90◦◦ to to 270270◦◦

Runway designation = 9-27Runway designation = 9-27 Wind coverage = 90.8 % < 95%Wind coverage = 90.8 % < 95%

Therefore,Therefore, To determine To determine Secondary runway Secondary runway

(crosswind runway) (crosswind runway) Orientation = 12Orientation = 12◦◦ to 192 to 192◦◦

Additional wind coverage = 6.2%Additional wind coverage = 6.2% Total wind coverage for both primary & Total wind coverage for both primary &

crosswind runway = 90.8+6.2 = 97%crosswind runway = 90.8+6.2 = 97%

(ii) (ii) Crosswind runway orientation = 30Crosswind runway orientation = 30◦◦ to to

210210◦◦

Runway designation = 3-21Runway designation = 3-21

Wind coverage = 84.8 %Wind coverage = 84.8 %

Additional wind coverage = 5.8%Additional wind coverage = 5.8%

Primary Runway orientation =Primary Runway orientation =9090◦◦ to 270 to 270◦◦

Wind coverage for primary =90.8%Wind coverage for primary =90.8%

Total wind coverage for both = 90.8+5.8 Total wind coverage for both = 90.8+5.8 = 96.6%>95% (Fig. 6.13)= 96.6%>95% (Fig. 6.13)

THE ENDTHE END