Mining methods2

Underground MiningUnderground MiningMethodsMethods

dip

Width,thickness

hang

ing w

all

foot

wall

overburden horizontal exetend

Ver

tical

ex

tent

Ore body elements

Ore body geometry

Seam or flat dipping vein

Steeply dipping vein

Massive deposit

Dip < 10 °

Thickness is much less than horizontal extend

Medium dipping vein

Dip > 45 - 50°

Thickness is much less than horizontal and verticalextend

10° < Dip < 45°

Thickness is much less than horizontal and verticalextend

Horizontals and verticalextends are equal

Room-and-pillar mining

Drilling and blasting

Loading and haulage

Scaling and Bolting

Room-and-pillar mining

Drilling Rig LHDTruck

Bolting Rig

Scaling Machine

Ventilation Drift

Pillars

Rib

Pill

ar

Transport Drift

Stop

e D

rift

Roo

m

Roo

m

Roo

m

Room-and-pillar mining

Mechanized room-and-pillar

mining of a thick ore body

Non mechanized room-and-pillar mining of an inclined

ore body

Room-and-pillar mining

Mechanized room-and-pillar step mining of an inclined ore body

Room-and-pillar mechanized multiple-passe mining

Mechanized multiple-passe mining

Room-and-pillar mining with caving of pillars

Primary extraction

Primary extraction

Primary extraction Secondaryextraction

Caving of residual pillars

Recoverable pillar

Residualpillars

Room-and-pillar mining with caving

Room-and-pillar mining with caving

Room-and-pillar mining with backfilling

Backfilling with cemented fillPrimary extraction

Secondary extraction

Filling of secondary opening with cemented fill

Tertiary extraction

Filling of tertiary openings with non cemented fill

Post-pillar mining of thick layers or massive deposits

Longwall mining with caving

Longwall mining with caving

Longwall multiple slicing with caving

2 slice

3 slice

5 slice

4 slice caved

1 slice

Longwall mining with backfilling

Longwall mining with backfilling

CC

C-C

Cooper mine Mansfelde (German)

1, 3 - transport drifts ; 2 - stope drifts ; 4 - crosscuts

Longwall mining with back timbering

Support by timbers Support by wood packs

Longwall mining with back timbering

Longwall mining with back timbering

Longwall mining

with caving

with backfilling

with back timbering

Post-pillar mining of thick layers or massive deposits

Méthode d'éxploitation

Puissance éxploitée

Conditions géomécaniques

Taux de défruitement

chambres et piliers abandonnés < 50 m Rp > 2si 50-80%

chambres et piliers foudroyés < 8 m Rp > 2si 70-90%

chambres et piliers remblayés Rp>=2i < 5 m Rp > 2si jusqu’à 95%

tailles foudroyées < 4 m Rp < 2si 70-90% ilôts < 4 m si<Rp < 2si 50-65%