MINERALS
A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance
A naturally occurring, stable at room temperature,
definite chemical formula, abiogenic, ordered atomic
arrangement
Different from rock, which an aggregate of minerals or
non-minerals, indefinite composition
MINERAL IN PAKISTAN
Extensive Reservoirs
Mostly unexploited
Area of 600,000 sq. km has potential for metallic
and non-metallic minerals
Inputs for industry as Iron, Zinc, Copper, Gold,
Silver, Platinum, Lead, Chromite, etc.
Vast potential of multi-colored granite, marble
and other stones
CONTINUE…. Contribute 0.5% GDP only
52 main minerals under exploitation though on small
scale
Major production is coal, rock salt and other
industrial & construction minerals
Value addition in the mineral sector is focused on
Limestone, Coal, Gypsum, Sulphur, Crude Oil, and
Natural Gas
CONTINUE…. Mining industry dominated by;
Punjmin (8 minerals)
Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (11)
FATA Development Corporation (10)
Balochistan Development Authority (Flourite)
KP Development Authority (4)
AK Mineral & Industrial Development Corp. (12)
Pakistan Steel (Limestone)
PROBLEMS
Weak Mineral Departments
Mining vs Environment
Understaffing of regional directorates
Lack of technical know-how
Lack of interest of foreign investors
Lack of interest of environmentalists
Capital for Exploration
NEEDS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Foreign Investment
Private Sector Investment
Modern Management
Large Capital
Technical Knowledge
MAIN METALLIC MINERALS OF
PAKISTAN
Aluminum
Iron Ore
Copper
Chromite Ore
Zinc/ Lead
Calcium
Magnesium
• Antimony
• Arsenic
• Gold
• Graphite
• Glass Sand
• Tungsten
MAIN NON-METALLIC MINERALS OF
PAKISTAN
Coal
Phosphates
Rock Salt
Asbestos
Limestone
Kaolin
Brine
Marble
• Potash
• Silica Sand
• Sulphur
• Natural Gas
• Oil
• Mica
• Radioactive Minerals
MINERALS IN PUNJAB
Iron Ore: Large deposits in Kalabagh & Mianwali
district
Coal: Salt Range & Markawal (235 million tons)
Gypsum: 2nd largest: Daud Khel (Mianwali) has
53 million tons, Rakhi-Munh, Khewra and Safed-
Koh-Rodo area and in Suleman Ranges near D.G.
Khan
Salt: Salt Range 160 km, b/w Jhelum & Indus
Khewra, Warcha, Kalabagh, Bhadurkhel, Jatta, & Karak
by PMDC and Chakwal and Khushab by Punj MDC
600 million tons as estimated by PMDC
MINERALS IN PUNJAB
Lime Stone: Range Pothar, Margalla Hills, Zinda Pir
Aluminum: Khushab District, Low grade quality
Calestine: 83% strontium Sulfate,
used in signal rockets, tracer bullets, warning fuse and fireworks
Strontium in ceramics, paints, plastic, etc.
Daud Khel Western Salt Range
• Natural Gas: Uch and Adhi (R.Pindi)
18 Mcf/day of gas, 62 tons/ day LPG and 300 Barrels/ day NGL
MINERALS IN SINDH
Coal: 184 million/ 185 billion total in Pak
One of the biggest good quality lignite deposits
Salt: Coastal Area of Karachi, High purity salt
Limestone: Ganjo Takkar, Murli Hills, Mango Pir, Cape
Monze, Kot Diji, and Ranipir.
Alum: Kirthar Nits
Carbonate Soda: Nara Taluka (Khairpur), Nawabshah,
Umerkot, Shah Bandar, etc.
MINERALS IN SINDH
China Clay: Nagar Parkar, Tharparkar
Contain 16-31% clay, also known as Kaoline
Natural Oil: Khashkheli, Laghari, Tando Alam (Lower
Sindh)
Natural Gas: Khairpur, Kandkot, Mari, Golachi and
Khaskheli
MINERALS IN KP
Chromite: Dargai (0.7Mt), Heroshah (0.1) Jijal-pattan
and Chilas (0.2)
Pakistan is Major Exporter of Chromite
Coal: Kandkot, Marri (small but good quality)
Bauxite: Hazara District, Hangu, Cherat
Gypsum: DI Khan, Kohat (4442Mt)
Largest Resources in KP
Phosphate: Abbotabad, Hazara
MINERALS IN KP
Magnesite: Kumhar (Abbotabad) – 11 Mt
Limestone: Quality extensive deposits in KP and NA
Annual Production 8700 matric tons
China Clay: Shah Dheri (Swat)
Annual Production 61, 400 matric tons
Marble: 158/ 162 million tons in KP
Gem Stone: Emerald, Ruby, Topaz, Peridot
MINERALS IN BALOCHISTAN
Aluminum: Large Deposits,
Kalat, Ziarat, Loralai
Iron Ore: 930 million tons
Copper: Saindak and Reko-diq
Chromite: Muslim Bagh, Noshki, Ras-Koh
Zinc: Lasbela-Khuzdar belt (world class)
Coal: Hamai, Duki, Pir Ismail, (217 million t)
Natural Gas: Pirkok, Sui, Mazarani, (31 Tcf)