Supporting information for: N, Cu co-doped TiO 2 @functionalized SWCNT photocatalyst coupled with ultrasound and UV waves: An effective sono-photocatalysis process into treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters Ali Akbar Isari 1 , Farzan Hayati 2 , Babak Kakavandi 3, 4, 1 , Mohammad Rostami 2 , Mohsen Motevassel 2 , Emad Dehghanifard 3, 4 1. Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Italy 2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran 3. Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2.6 Sono-photocatalytic experiment set-up and procedure To determine the pH ZPC of catalysts, 50 mL of 0.01 M NaCl solution was prepared in a closed Erlenmeyer flask at ambient temperature. 1 Corresponding author at: Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Kakavandi).
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Mineralization of SMXZ: · Web viewThis attributed to the fact that although a content of SMXZ molecules decomposed to water and carbon dioxide molecules, some of them mineralized
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Supporting information for:
N, Cu co-doped TiO2@functionalized SWCNT photocatalyst coupled with ultrasound and
UV waves: An effective sono-photocatalysis process into treatment of pharmaceutical
wastewaters
Ali Akbar Isari1, Farzan Hayati2, Babak Kakavandi3, 4, 1, Mohammad Rostami2 , Mohsen
Motevassel2, Emad Dehghanifard3, 4
1. Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Italy
2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
3. Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
2.6 Sono-photocatalytic experiment set-up and procedure
To determine the pHZPC of catalysts, 50 mL of 0.01 M NaCl solution was prepared in a closed
Erlenmeyer flask at ambient temperature. Nitrogen gas was bubbled through the prepared
solution to prevent CO2 dissolution and pH stabilization. The initial pH of the NaCl solution was
adjusted in the range of 1 to 13 using a 0.1 M solution of HCl and 0.1 M NaOH. Next, 0.15 g of
MCs was added to the prepared solution, and then the mixture was shaken at 250 rpm. After 24
h, the pH of the final solution was measured, and a plot comparing pHfinal and pHinitial levels was
drawn. The pHZPC is the point where pHfinal is equal to pHinitial.
1 Corresponding author at: Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Kakavandi).
Mineralization of SMXZ:
In order to evaluate the potential of the NCuTFC sonophotocatalyst for mineralization of SMXZ,
TOC removal ratio was checked with SMXZ decontamination rate during the process at
optimum operational conditions (pH of 6, catalyst dosage of 0.8 g/L, light intensity of 200 W,
US power intensity of 200 W, and SMXZ initial concentration of 60 mg/L within 60 min).
Fig.S4 represents the SMXZ decomposition rate and TOC removal rate for various reaction
times. As can be seen, SMXZ degradation rate reached 100% after 60 min, while the TOC
removal rate goes to 45% at the same time. This attributed to the fact that although a content of
SMXZ molecules decomposed to water and carbon dioxide molecules, some of them mineralized
to other organic intermediates.
Supplementary Table and Figures:
Table.S1 Chemical structure and properties of SMXZ
Properties Sulfamethoxazole
IUPAC Name 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide
Chemical formula C10H11N3O3S
MW 253.276 g/mol
CID number 5329
LD50 oral (mouse) 2,650 mg/Kg
Chemical structure
λmax (nm) 271
Table S2 the details and applications of characterization techniques
Technique Apparatus Company, Model and product country Application
Raman Teksan Takram P50C0R10 (Iran) To determine the
structural properties of
catalysts
XRD Philips PW1730 (Netherlands) To determine the
structural properties of
specimens
FT-IR Bruker VERTEX70 (Germany) To determine vibration
and stretching bonds
existed in the samples
FESEM TESCAN Mira3 (Czech) To determine
Morphological properties
of nanostructures
TEM Philips CM120 (Netherland) To determine
morphological properties
of nanostructures
EDS Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer To elemental analysis of
samples
TGA Mettler-Toledo TGA/ SDTA851e (Netherlands) To determine thermal
stability of samples
BET Belsorp-mini II (Japan) To determine textural
features of catalysts
EIS Princeton Research VMP3 EG&G (USA) To determine the
separation efficacy of
charge carriers
PL Perkin Elmer LS 55 (USA) To determine the efficacy
of charge carriers transfer
and trapping
UV-Vis
DRS
Avantes Avaspec-2048-TEC (Netherland) To determine optical
features of samples
Table S3 Pseudo-first order kinetic parameters of SMXZ degradation
Kinetic modelInitial concentration
(mg/L)
Regression
coefficient (R2)Rate constant (min-1)
Pseudo-First-Order
ln[Ct/C0]=-kt
60 0.9878 0.0512
75 0.9732 0.035
90 0.9867 0.0275
Fig S1 BJH patterns of T, NCuT, and NCuTFC
Fig.S2 Size distribution of T, NCuT and NCuTFC
Fig S3 EDS mapping of a) Ti, b) O, c) C, d) N, e) Cu in the NCuTFC composite.
Fig S4 XRD pattern of NCuTFC before and after 6 cycles.
Fig S5 Comparison of the SMXZ and TOC removal by NCuTFC sono-photocatalysis process.
Fig S6 TOC removal from pharmaceutical wastewater by NCuTFC sono-photocatalysis process.
Fig S7 COD removal from pharmaceutical wastewater by NCuTFC sono-photocatalysis process.
Fig.S8 comparison studies of different process for decontamination of SMXZ