Mind-Mapping presentation (English version)

Page Page Page Page 1111/112/112/112/112An overview of MindAn overview of MindAn overview of MindAn overview of Mind----mappingmappingmappingmappingApril April April April ---- 2013201320132013

MINDMINDMINDMIND----MAPPINGMAPPINGMAPPINGMAPPINGAn overview

Jean-Pascal CÔTEEverything starts from and ends at the centre

First part

June 2013www.emapsfree.fr Presentation delivered under Commons Creative licence


SummarySummarySummarySummary

NB : Chapters IV, V and VI will be the purpose of the second part (End of 2013)


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : forewordforewordforewordforeword

Mind-mapping is another way to represent information. It consists of creating agraphical word arborescence from a central topic. It is characterized by the followingpoints :

� All pieces of information are put together in a single diagram

� It facilitates cognitive processes (Thinking, memorization, association )

� It enables to structure information so that it comes out in a clear fashion

� It can be applied in many fields (Companies, universities, non profitable organizations)

� It belongs to a centred diagram family (Cf. below)

Its development is the purpose of this document


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : contextcontextcontextcontext (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)

�A very strong dynamism

The success and the dynamism of Mind-mapping have been growing significantlyamong private individuals and companies, through the following points :

● The popularization of the method and publications allow various uses.

● User communities are increasingly present on the web bringing innovativeideas ( Many maps and articles about this topic).

● An increasing number of provision of services are offered using this tool(Training, knowledge transfer, facilitation, project management, etc.).

● It is now integrated in secondary school syllabus (In France since September 2010).

● The development of collaborative platforms enables collective/collaborativeintelligence technique to emerge.

● New softwares are regularly launched in the market.

● The number of Mind-mapping editors migrating their apps for mobile phonesand notepads continues to grow.

● There is also a growing interest on the subject in Latin America (Src. Signos)


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : context context context context (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

�…With further improvements to comethat can be viewed in two ways :

from a technical point of view :

● Few softwares offer an open architecture (DB access).

● All user graphical interfaces do not enable the same services.

● The marketing message of softwares is unclear.

from a general point of view :

● The equation : Mind-mapping = using a software is still very popular.

● A lot of questions on social networks are about softwares.

● Maps still remain more or less isolated from a more general context in whichthey fit.

● The aim of Mind-mapping is not always very well understood.

● There is few methodological approaches on the subject.

● Explanations about Mind-mapping capabilities are confusing.


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : objective and readingobjective and readingobjective and readingobjective and reading

� Objective

The objective of this Mind-mapping presentation is threefold :

● To provide the maximum of learning tools so that it can be applied quickly and efficiently in a working environment or personal projects.

● To bring a contribution to the topics mentioned in the previous chapter without pretending to be exhaustive.

● To propose and share another view of Mind-mapping

� Reading

● We advise beginners to start with chapter I and to take the best of the others depending of their needs.

● Confirmed users and experts will take benefit from novelties discussed in chapters II and III.


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : out of scopeout of scopeout of scopeout of scope

This document is not a book. Therefore we made the following choices :

� Only a PC based Mind-mapping approach, i.e. with a relevant software, isdiscussed. Thus hand-drawn Mind-maps are not covered in this presentation butremain an important topic especially if we consider them for the artistic andtherapeutic aspects they bring.

� This overview, which is addressed to a large audience, cannot be replaced by atraining on a software. For companies wishing to embrace the adventure, wesuggest to do it with a specialist in this field.

� Although we used different types of softwares for our examples, we excludedany comparative studies.

Given the novelties we wanted to deliver, it seemed more relevant to propose ourthoughts in two parts. This document constitutes the first part (*).

(*) : Only chapters I, II and III of this summary will be covered in this overview

(*) : Only chapters I, II and III of this summary will be covered in this overview


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : novelties in version 2.0novelties in version 2.0novelties in version 2.0novelties in version 2.0

This version brings a certain number of novelties following two directions :

� The content

● The notion of the intention of a map has been introduced and defined● The map's centre is the subject of a particular development.● We have developed a Mind-mapping maturity model.● The introduction is presented from an information processing view.● We have restituted to the map's legend its true value.● A chapter on personal ecology has been added.● FAQ(s) enable to clarify certain points

� The form

● Examples have been enriched.● The overall document has been reviewed.● Quotations introduce each chapter.● Questions have been added to catch the reader's attention.

(*) : The version 1.0 is available on the blog « www.emapsfree.fr »


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : our philosophyour philosophyour philosophyour philosophy

� About Mind-mappingOur approach to Mind-mapping proposes to :

● Get inspired from nature (Biomimicry).

● Extend the field of Mind-mapping uses.

● Develop a theoretical and practical frame of reference.

� About this document

From our point of view, providing a document free means :

● Sharing our passion for Mind-mapping with the readers.

● Believing money is not the only mean for reward.

● Proposing another state of mind in providing documents

We wish this document reaches a maximum of people interested in this field, and makes them keen to go further.


PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation : acknowledgementsacknowledgementsacknowledgementsacknowledgements

We wish to thank the people and partners who have contributed with their help

and support to the achievement of this document and in particular :

© www.emapsfree.fr


« Mind-mapping turns information into knowledge »

Chapter I Chapter I Chapter I Chapter I - IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Inspired from a video of Lionel NACCACHE - Neurologist


Stating the problemStating the problemStating the problemStating the problem : information processing information processing information processing information processing (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Information is one of the key challenges of our time. Firstly because it isoverwhelming, hence hard to analyze, often due to a lack of availability on thereader's side. Also because it is not always easy to treat and structure. Finallybecause it remains a challenge to restitute at an individual or collective level.

These above issues, detailed below, are therefore found at every stage of itsprocess that we defined as : acquisition, treatment and release.

� Acquisition

● We are overwhelmed by information (Prof. & private life)

● Search for same pieces of information is counterproductive

● We run out of time to look for information efficiently

� Processing

● We do not always know how to structure information, eitherto store it or find it back.

● Daily management of information can be affected by lossof memory (Tiredness, emotions, annoyance, etc.).


Stating the problemStating the problemStating the problemStating the problem : information processing information processing information processing information processing (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)

� Release

● We do not always succeed in restituting the information

● Synthesize information can be difficult and/or complicated

● Depending on the context, sharing information is not always fluent

We can therefore sum up the whole process and its problems by the diagram below :

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1


Stating the problemStating the problemStating the problemStating the problem : information processing information processing information processing information processing (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)

But then, which solution(s) to bring ?

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1


MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping : whatwhatwhatwhat isisisis itititit ????1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

� Definition (*)

Mind-mapping is a method aimed at representing information and

knowledge in a graphical arborescent structure, through a visual

language based on :

● A word (Label, font and color)

● An image (Illustration and context)

● A symbol (Shapes, icons)

� Other definition

A heuristic map represents a temporary and arbitrary

hierarchy of links between data through a tree structure

whose purpose is to structure and/or let information emerge.

Source : www.fredericveve.com(*) : This is our own definition which is not unique in this field !


MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping : wherewherewherewhere doesdoesdoesdoes itititit come come come come fromfromfromfrom ? ? ? ? (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)

Whatever they are, ideas are never the result of a single individual. It’s often a continuous process of improvements which contribute to their emergence.

Linking an idea to a room in a house to help memorizingwas already used by the Greeks, but it’s Aristote who gavethe first 'family tree' representations and Raymond Lullewho developed them further in his works of the Middle-Age.

In the early 70s, the psychologist Tony Buzan, as a result ofhis research on learning and the human brain, gave birth toa method of organizing ideas, using drawings and treestructure, leading to his concept of MindMap (Carte mentales).

To do so he reminded the following principles (Cf. [1]) :

� The brain functions with radiating thoughts

� The language of the brain is about imagination and association

Source : http://esopedia.urobore.net/Arbor_Moralis

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2



Example of radiating thoughts : meetings

NB : Drawing created with Simple Diagrams « www.simplediagrams.com/ »

A radiating thought can be seen like a tree structure of associations starting from an idea.

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2



NB : Imagination and association are much more powerful when usedtogether.

AssociationIs s

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by …

Figures

Words

Order

Symbols

Images

Diagrams

Is s

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by …

Imagination

Our senses

Exaggeration

Colours

Laughter

Photos and pictures

Rythm and movement

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MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping : how does it work ? how does it work ? how does it work ? how does it work ? (1/6)(1/6)(1/6)(1/6)

The first stage of a Mindmap is to draw a centre with a topic. Several varieties exist (With image(s), without label, etc.)

Possible option(Text + image)

Possible option(Image without text)

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Mind-mappingfor …



The second stage consists of drawing branches using keywords by idea conveyed (one word per line).

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The third stage consists of adding sub-branches carrying ideas using “sub-keywords" (One word per line if possible).

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The fourth stage consists of adding icons and/or images for the most significant key words.

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The fifth stage consists of adding mental links (See p.64) and boundaries.

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© www.emapsfree.fr

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NB : Mindmap® is a registered brand of Buzan Organization Limited 1998

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MindMindMindMind----mapping mapping mapping mapping : what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?

Mind-mapping allows to :

… and further more !

Put together information on the same material/medium

Generate and organize ideas

see the big picture(Overview and details)

Reduce intellectual tireness(facilitated access to information)

Structure decision-making

Help problem-solving

Take notes

Increase individual and collective performance

Share data

Keep the expertise

Save time

Synthesize a text

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2


MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping : what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?

Everyone has their own issues

… thanks to Mind-mapping

• Manage risks ?• Improve productivity ?• Help making decisions ?• Drive change ?• Manage teams ?• Etc.

• Take efficient notes ?• Improve my memory ?• Present my ideas ?• Work in teams ?• Enjoy revisions ?• Etc.

• Save time ?• Improve audits ?• Reduce paper usage ?• Capitalize on our experience ?• Show our experience ?• Etc.

• Manage our activities ?• Structure our presentations ?• Generate ideas ?• Communicate efficiently ?• Show our ‘Know-how’ ?• Etc.

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2


MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping : summary points summary points summary points summary points (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)

Mind-mapping is a paradigm shift !

Linear structure Arborescent structure

Inspired from www.idergie.com

With Mind-mapping we move from a linear structure of information to an arborescent structure, where all useful data is included in a single diagram.

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MindMindMindMind----mapping mapping mapping mapping : summary points summary points summary points summary points (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)

The 3 pilars of Mind-mapping

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MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping : summary pointssummary pointssummary pointssummary points (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)

Source : www.fredericveve.com

Maps achieved with iMindMap

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Chapter II Chapter II Chapter II Chapter II - TheoryTheoryTheoryTheory

« Mind-mapping remains the shortest way between an idea we want to convey and the receiver's mental pattern»

Christophe TRICOT (Co-founder of MetaCarto)


� Observation

Whatever the context, a mind map is always created for a specific purpose and targeted public (Self or others). Storing personal information in a map does not have the same aim as thinking about a specific situation using a decision-tree diagram. Likewise, preparing a professional project has a different objective than doing a brainstorming session. Although, the outcome is identical, i.e. the creation of a map, the purpose is different. Therefore it makes sense to question the intention of a map.

� Intention of a map

Depending on the issue to address, it fits within one of the following 6 categories :

● Map for living

● Map for thinking

● Map for communicating

● Map for achieving

● Map for learning

● Map for healing

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation2222.1 .1 .1 .1


� Definition

A map for living is a practical map, also called memo map, consisting of a collection of pieces of information, regularly used in our daily activities, thus avoiding to always search for the same pieces of information.

� Applications

A few examples :

● A shopping list

● A service opening hours

● A personal or professional appointment

● Confidential banking information

● Health-related information (Doctor, events, diseases, dates, etc.)

● Note-taking

● Etc.

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : mapsmapsmapsmaps for living for living for living for living (1/4)(1/4)(1/4)(1/4)2222.1 .1 .1 .1


Example : service opening hours

Map achieved with MindView


© www.emapsfree.fr


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Example : the health record booklet

Sources : www.emapsfree.fr (The medical record)

© www.emapsfree.fr

Map achieved with MindManager



� Definition

A map for thinking implies a thought process, individual or collective, aimed at generating the big picture about a given theme.

� Applications

A few examples :

● Ishikawa diagram ("fish-bone" diagram)

● A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)

● The 5W1H method (Who? What? Where? When? How? How much? Why? )

● The 6-hat method (Edward de BONO)

● A brainstorming session, ABCD method

● The Eisenhower matrix

● The GTD method

● Etc.

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : mapsmapsmapsmaps for for for for thinkingthinkingthinkingthinking (1/9)(1/9)(1/9)(1/9)2222.1 .1 .1 .1


Example : Ishikawa diagram

NB : This diagram also called "fish-bones" is usually made of 5 directions : Environment, materials, methods, people, machines. We can add to this 2 others: Management and financial means.

2222.1 .1 .1 .1 IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : mapsmapsmapsmaps for for for for thinkingthinkingthinkingthinking (2/9)(2/9)(2/9)(2/9)

Map achieved with XMIND

© www.emapsfree.fr


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2222.1 .1 .1 .1 Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking (3/9)(3/9)(3/9)(3/9)

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Carte réalisée avec MindManager

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : mapsmapsmapsmaps for for for for thinkingthinkingthinkingthinking (4/9)(4/9)(4/9)(4/9)

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Situation analysis

© www.emapsfree.fr



Source : www.emapsfree.fr (The internship –In French-)

Feedback on company internship experience with a SWOT analysis


© www.emapsfree.fr


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The advantage of this model is that it systematically questions every proposition. It was created in the 5th century by latin philosopher Boethiusor Boèce, to assess circumstances related to criminal investigations

Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ws

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Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking (6/9)(6/9)(6/9)(6/9)

© www.emapsfree.fr


Example : a concept note


NB : Sometimes it’s very useful to use sentences instead of keywords !

© www.emapsfree.fr Map achieved with MindManager


Example : The Eisenhower matrix

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Source : www.efh.fr

Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking (8/9)(8/9)(8/9)(8/9)

Carte réalisée avec MindManager


The 6 thinking hats is a collective reflection method on a specific theme.

Source : « The 6 thinking hats » - Edward de BONO – 2005

2222.1 .1 .1 .1 Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking maps for thinking (9/9)(9/9)(9/9)(9/9)

From Edward De BONO

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� Definition

A map for communicating is a map which conveys information towards an individual or a group.

� Applications

A few examples :

● The communication of a company or a service (internal & external)

● Audits (Internal & external)

● Presentations / Speeches

● Data libraries

● A wish card, a business card

● Aggregated data, statistics in a presentation

● Etc.

Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for communicating maps for communicating maps for communicating maps for communicating (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)2222.1 .1 .1 .1


Source : www.emapsfree.fr (The staff handbook –in French-)

Example : a welcome booklet in a company

2222.1 .1 .1 .1 Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for communicating maps for communicating maps for communicating maps for communicating (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)

© www.emapsfree.fr

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Source : http://emapsfree.fr/bibliotheque-ideale/

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : mapsmapsmapsmaps for for for for communicatingcommunicatingcommunicatingcommunicating (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)

Map achieved with MindManager© www.emapsfree.fr


� Definition

A map for achieving is to be viewed in preparation of a project.

� Applications

A few examples :

● Leisure activities (Travels, sport activities, etc.)

● Book-writing, essay-writing

● Project management (Personal & professional)

● DIY, electricity / plumbing work

● Etc.

Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for achieving maps for achieving maps for achieving maps for achieving (1/5)(1/5)(1/5)(1/5)2222.1 .1 .1 .1


Exam

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NB : Children's mind maps can enrich the whole

© www.emapsfree.fr Carte réalisée avec MindManager

Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for achieving maps for achieving maps for achieving maps for achieving (2/5)(2/5)(2/5)(2/5)

© www.emapsfree.fr


Example : internship report

Source : www.emapsfree.fr (Internship report –in French-)

2222.1 .1 .1 .1 Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for achieving maps for achieving maps for achieving maps for achieving (3/5)(3/5)(3/5)(3/5)

© www.emapsfree.fr Map achieved with MindGenius


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Example : a product launch map …

Source : www.matchware.com/fr

Map achieved with MindView


… that can be converted in a Gant diagram

Inspired from the website www.matchware.com


2222.1 .1 .1 .1

Achieved with MindView


The Gant diagram

… that can be converted in a time line view


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Achieved with MindView


The time line


� Definition

A map for learning is made of a formalized knowledge, in association with one or more related fields. Its purpose, whether personal or for a group, is to acquire new behaviours through favouring learning.

� Remarks

● A map for learning is not a map to be memorized. We cannot learn without memorizing (Integrated knowledge), but we can memorize without learning (Non integrated knowledge).

● An emotion associated to a map for learning can facilitate its integration.

● The body rhythm associated to a map for learning can facilitate learning.

� Applications

A few examples :

● The presentation about an author, a discipline, a subject.● A summary of a course, a poem or a book / a text synthesis.● Learning to change a behaviour (Eating better).

Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for learning maps for learning maps for learning maps for learning (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2222.1 .1 .1 .1


Example : synthesis of a text

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Carte réalisée avec XMIND Inspired from the website www.idergie.com

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : mapsmapsmapsmaps for for for for learninglearninglearninglearning (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

The cicada, having sungAll summer long,Found herself sorely deprivedWhen the north wind arrived.Not a single morselOf fly or tiny worm.She went to plead famineAt the house of the Ant her neighbor,Praying her to lend herSome grain to surviveUntil the new season.“I will pay you,” she said to her,“Before August, on my honour as an animal,Interest and principal.”The Ant is not a lender;That is the least of her faults.“What were you doing in warm weather?”She said to this borrower.“- Night and day to all that cameI sang, if you please.”“- You sang? I am very glad.Well! Dance now.”

Jean de LA FONTAINEFables, livre I (1668)


� Definition

A map for healing is a map addressing human aspects. The purpose is to bring wellness.

� ApplicationsA few examples :

● Personal development

● knowledge assessment (Being, doing, procedures, etc.)

● Coaching

● Personal appraisal

● Personal skills assessment

● Improvement/loss of memory

● Etc.

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : mapsmapsmapsmaps for for for for healinghealinghealinghealing (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2222.1 .1 .1 .1


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2222.1 .1 .1 .1 Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : maps for healing maps for healing maps for healing maps for healing (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

Map achieved with MindManager© www.emapsfree.fr


What do you intend to do through drawing a map ?


Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map Intention of a map : summary mapsummary mapsummary mapsummary map2222.1 .1 .1 .1

© www.emapsfree.fr


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� With these 6 categories have we covered all the situations we

face when creating a map ?

Answer : Key outlines are given. However, as this field is still a research subjectmatter, one could expect some adjustments going forward. From my side, thingsare a little "settled", hence we are now waiting for reactions and suggestions fromthe user community.

� What other usage can we make of these categories ?

Answer : Apart from the intention, which we believe is necessary to ask when creating a map, we think the classification of mind maps would be greatly simplified if libraries on the web, but also the user communities, took into account these categories.

IIIIntention of a ntention of a ntention of a ntention of a mapmapmapmap : FAQFAQFAQFAQ


ComplementaryComplementaryComplementaryComplementary notions notions notions notions : presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Our aim is to introduce in this chapter some complementary notions that are barelymentioned in the current literature.

It is often as a result of observing nature and its mechanisms that findings havearisen (Biomimicry). Therefore it is by using this analogy that we have approachedmind maps through finding inspiration in cognitive properties and behaviours. To this effect we have adopted the following rules:

� A neuron (Brain cell) is never isolated and dies if not solicited.

� To live, a neuron must be connected to a context (Association principle).

� From a cognitive point of view, only the number of connections matters.

� Creating groups of connections is essential for learning.

The following pages are based on this approach through applying it to various elements of Mind-mapping.


Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : about the centre about the centre about the centre about the centre (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

By default, the creation of the centre is initiated by software and not by the user. This automatic setting, far from helping, generates a misunderstanding, through substituting the user in this founding stage. As a matter of fact, the sheet (of paper) is like an infinite space that will be conquered by the user. To drawa centre is manifesting the self-expression that will be conveyed from branch to branch through keywords.

And if this conquest was cognitive ?

� The centre as the starting point of a conquest


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� Some incoherences about the centre

ComplementaryComplementaryComplementaryComplementary notions notions notions notions : about the centre about the centre about the centre about the centre (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)

Not visible, unclear, unidentified Disproportionate and confusing


2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

� The meta-centre

We state as an axiom that any mindmap is itself a key word of one or many mindmaps of higher level (Meta-mindmaps or meta-maps).

This axiom is particularly interesting as it leads to question, whilst doing a map, whether the latter is part of another more encompassing category (Example: a book --> a library/a List of books). Thus cognitively the map is no more isolated but connected to other realities.

ComplementaryComplementaryComplementaryComplementary notions notions notions notions : about the centre about the centre about the centre about the centre (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)


Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : context of a map context of a map context of a map context of a map (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

� Definition :

The context is the support of a mind map. This is a conceptual notion that is in practice a background picture.

It is often said that an image is worth a thousand words. This is what the context is somehow, animating the map through exposing concepts that we would otherwise struggle to convey. For example :

● Group cohesion (A group image)

● A company's values (A photo of the head office, the logo, etc.)

● School, college (A background like a spelling book page)

● Etc.

The context can also be seen as the signified of the map, namely what it is reflective of.

NB : The context is a very important communication channel. Its ease of use can be a decisive criterion when buying a software.


2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Application of the context

Without context With context (Milky way)

Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : context of a map context of a map context of a map context of a map (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)


Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : mental links mental links mental links mental links (1/4)(1/4)(1/4)(1/4)2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

� Definition

A mental link is an explicit connection between two keywords of a mind map, not necessarily of the same level, to create and/or to develop a relation.

Example :

� Rule

A mental link always has a label describing the purpose of the relationship.


2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

A mental link is a mind map that has degenerated into a center (The label) and two branches (Arrows).

NB : A mental link is not necessarily in a plane (It remains a projection). It can also have branches used within the map.

Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : mental links mental links mental links mental links (2/4)(2/4)(2/4)(2/4)


2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

� Application

A mental link may be required in the construction of a map when we see the repetition of the same keyword in different branches.

Example : (See also p.49)

Map with a repeating keyword Substitution through a mental link

NB : In practice this type of substitution can be very tricky. Therefore it matters to check that keywords have no other dependencies that could impact the understanding of the map.



2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Mental links can easily generate a map network around a particular theme. We are here in the image of a group of neurons.


Could it be that mental links are themselves connectedto other non visible maps ?


Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : the 3 cognitive processesthe 3 cognitive processesthe 3 cognitive processesthe 3 cognitive processes2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

The three processes that underpin Mind-mapping can be described as follows :

� A projective process :Around a central theme the designer enhances his mind map with key

words (Signifier and/or signified) through a diffusing or radiant graphical structure.

� A reflexive process :This is an analysis and thought process based on cognitive capabilities (Associations, memorizations, experiences, etc.).

� An awareness-raising process :The two above processes turn in circle by a mirror effect, until an idea emerges at another level of consciousness.

What is interesting in this approach is the disappearance of the support to the benefit of a reflection about a theme. The energy embodied through the creation of a map is no other than an object (Our thoughts' object) that we will call "Mind-map object".


Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : vocabulary aspectsvocabulary aspectsvocabulary aspectsvocabulary aspects2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

One of the major confusions about the vocabulary related to mind maps occurs when there is a confusion between conceptual notions and their projections. We therefore propose the following projection table.

NB : In Mind-mapping conceptual notions are to cognition what projection is to graphical representation (the drawing of the map).

Cognitive fieldField of the graphical

representation

CONCEPTUAL NOTIONS PROJECTION

The self, the topic The centre

Associations Branches & images

Ideas Keywords

The context Background of the map


2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

� At an individual level you mention a conquest when drawing the

centre of a map. What can we say at a collective level ?Answer : There are two aspects in your question.

● In the first aspect a group of people gathers around a map and starts drawing

the centre (Typical meeting case). This is a crucial stage because everyone getsinvolved in the subject. From a certain point of view we could say that eachelement of the group, hence each individual, will be a keyword for the map andact as such. But very quickly it is the collective intelligence of the groupdedicated to the subject that will enable the conquest.

● In the second aspect we are in a brainstorming situation where the centre willbe found by iterations. No need to say that this search is an unavoidable stage.

Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : FAQFAQFAQFAQ (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)


2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

� Why is the meta-centre of a map important ?

Answer : The meta-centre is another mean to create connections, hence tocreate groups of maps. This is an invitation for the designer of the map to putthings in perspective. We could also consider it’s like a zoom out enabling toget a global picture, thus a better realization. Keep in mind that a map, like aneuron, must be connected to a context !

� A mental link is a map, but can it degenerate into an oriented

arrow ?

Answer : Representing a link as an arrow does not jeopardize the idea that itis only the visible part of a map. These are for me graphical representationconveniences.

Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions Complementary notions : FAQFAQFAQFAQ (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : presentation presentation presentation presentation (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Trainer

Beginner

Expert

I know Mind-mapping

My positioning ?

I know Mind-mapping

I know Mind-mapping

Software

editor

I know Mind-mapping

What do I mean when I say that I know mind-mapping ?(What is my maturity level ?)


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : presentation presentation presentation presentation (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

What is positioning ?

� The 5 parametersPositioning is composed of the 5 following parameters :

● Skills : expertise, experience.

● Knowledge : knowledge of the topic and related topics.

● Consciousness : state of mind at every stage of the model.

● Behaviour : attitude conditioned by a set of rules.

● Body : feeling, emotions, etc.


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : searching for a modelsearching for a modelsearching for a modelsearching for a model2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

� ObjectivesThe model must meet the following objectives :

● To favour communication/understanding between users.

● To review our knowledge and skills.

● To provide improvement prospects.

● To allow an individual and collective positioning.

� Constraints

To encompass and to give a meaning to the following limiting statements :

● To use a software = to know Mind-mapping

● To create/draw a map = to know Mind-mapping

● To write a book = to know Mind-mapping


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : maturity scales maturity scales maturity scales maturity scales (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

NB : A maturity scale does not mean judgment but positioning !

Two types of scales

A scale for people

A scale for groups (Organizations)


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : maturity scales maturity scales maturity scales maturity scales (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

� Remarks

● There are no judgment or labels associated with these maturity scales.

● Each level is an essential contribution to the development of Mind-mapping.

● Whatever the experience, positioning is never final.

● There is no notion of time associated with each level.

● A person may have a different positioning depending on whether it is in an individual or business context.

● Features of levels 1, 2 and 3 apply both to organizations and individuals.

● Each level induces a state of mind and a different feeling.

● Processes of transition from one level to another are not described.

● This model is still at a development stage.


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : level 0level 0level 0level 02.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

� Information basic mappingThis level refers to the information basic mapping, but also to thediscovery of Mind-mapping, its potential and its effects. This is a beginnerlevel that can be characterized as follows :

● Rules for building up maps are not or little respected

● The map is barely understandable (Graphic charter, addressee, etc.)

● Maps can be hand drawn, sometimes for artistic purposes

● Self-training is done via free softwares (Xmind, Freemind)

● Some maps are produced with drawing softwares (Ex.: Edraw)

● Creations achieved are not reusable or communicable

● There is no consciousness of the link between the maps and biomimicry

● Created maps are not connected to a global thematic

● The intention of the map is not clear or not expressed

Orange colour Orange colour Orange colour Orange colour :

NB : This level cannot be applied to organizations (Cf. p.81)


Maturity model : Maturity model : Maturity model : Maturity model : level 1level 1level 1level 12.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

� Structuration and sharing of information

This level is the beginning of structuration and sharing of information but locally.

It corresponds at the individual level to the initiation and at a group level to the

practitioner. It can be characterized as follows:

● Mind-mapping is perceived by the organization as a tool● The training is software-oriented not mind-mapping-oriented● This is the beginning of collaborative sharing● Map building rules and conventions are put in place● Map reference documents do not exist● Map models or interfaces are not or barely used● Mind Map-based projects are not common● Project Management based on this type of approach remains local● No continuous improvement process in place (Moving up to level 2 is impossible)● Mind-mapping is not the organization's policy

Green colour Green colour Green colour Green colour :


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : level 2level 2level 2level 22.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Blue colour Blue colour Blue colour Blue colour :

� Valorisation of individual and collective richness

This level sets the valorisation of individual and collective richness. The individualor the organization have reached the confirmed level in the mind mappingapproach that we can characterized as follows:

● Mind mapping is a part of the organization's policy● Reviews of the benefits drawn from using Mind-mapping are highlighted● Multi-map-based projects are systematized● Level 2 mind mapping training is service and collaboration oriented● The approach is encouraged to stimulate creativity and innovation● Templates and interfaces are created and shared via reference documents● Through integrating simplicity, map building rules are mastered● Maps are thus not isolated with regard to their thematic (Biomimicry)● Knowledge is mapped (Audit + meta-documents)

NB : Some organizations are at this level in term of functioning.


Modèle de maturité Modèle de maturité Modèle de maturité Modèle de maturité : level 3level 3level 3level 32.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

� A global, visible and consistent vision

This is the mastery level of mind mapping that can be characterized as follows :

● Map designers can offer consulting missions.

● Development of applications, using MM for personal purpose or for organizations.

● Information exchange interfaces are done through maps.

● The designer of the map possesses a global and consistent vision of Mind-mapping.

● Internal and external service offers are created and proposed.

● The organization makes their clients benefit from Mind-mapping's added value.

● The continuous improvement process is systematized.

● Mastery of colour and its effects.

● Mastery of architectures (BD, telephony, notepads, collaborative platforms).

● The designer of the map does not necessarily need a support anymore.

Purple colour Purple colour Purple colour Purple colour :

NB : We don't know organizations at this level !


MaturityMaturityMaturityMaturity model model model model : summarysummarysummarysummary mapmapmapmap2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Maps achieved with MindManager

© www.emapsfree.fr


Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model Maturity model : FAQ FAQ FAQ FAQ (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

� Why does level zero not exist for organizations?

Answer : This is above all for political reasons ! We consider that a software and atraining are necessary to put in place Mind-mapping within an organization. Thisdoes not mean that at individual level a collaborator cannot draw maps.

� Despite many years of expertise I may still draw maps manually.Does this mean that I am at level zero ?

Answer : Every hand drawn map locates you automatically at level 0. But does itmatter ? What matters is your need at a given point in time ! However if you wishto change level, it is important to consider other practices/methods. For examplewe could imagine that you create your maps mentally, which I admit, requiressome practice. From our point of view visual memory and hearing memoryshould collaborate. Moreover, Mind-mapping is not an end in itself but onemeans amongst others.


MaturityMaturityMaturityMaturity model model model model : FAQ FAQ FAQ FAQ (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

� Why this scale is necessary ?

Answer : Beside the benefits we have mentioned, we notice the emergence ofnew jobs related to Mind-mapping such as :

● visual facilitators,

● knowledge transfer consultants,

● information cartographers,

● specialized trainers in service offering (Working methods, etc.),

● etc.

If such a scale did not exist there would be no legitimacy for such professionalactivities. Consequently everyone could offer services around Mind- mapping. Butthis is not the case. First of all because several years of experience are necessaryto talk about the subject, secondly, Mind-mapping on its own means nothing as itgenerally is associated to other jobs such as : coaching, audit, animation, that itadds value to.


Chapter III Chapter III Chapter III Chapter III – practicepracticepracticepractice

“A mind map is not an end in itself. What is important are the cognitive processes that have led to its achievement.”

Philippe PACKU


Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules : example of inconsistent map example of inconsistent map example of inconsistent map example of inconsistent map (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Look at this map ! …

… what do you think about it ?


3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

� Now, could you answer the following questions ?● What is the theme of this map ? …………………………………………………….……………….

● Does the map look well-built (Respecting rules) ? …………………..………………....………

● What is the context of this map ? …………………………………………….……………..……

● Do you feel willing to use it or pass it on ? …………….……………………………………....

● What do you think the intention of the map is ? ……..……………………………..……

● Could we connect this map to another one ? ………….……………………………………..

● Where to position this map in our maturity model ? …………..……………………….

� Conclusion

I feel we probably agree to say that it is difficult to use this map. The problem is that thousands of maps like this one exist on the web, hence contributing to generate a harmful pollution to mind mapping development.

It might be useful to remind some rules...

Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules : example of inconsistent map example of inconsistent map example of inconsistent map example of inconsistent map (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)


Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules : … according to Tony BUZAN … according to Tony BUZAN … according to Tony BUZAN … according to Tony BUZAN (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Tony BUZAN (Cf. [1]) reminds us that mind mapping rules are split into technical rulesand presentation rules.

� Technical rulesThey include :

● Enhancement

� Using a central picture to attract attention

� Using at least 3 colours for the centre

� Using images in all maps

� Using different colours for the branches

� Using different font sizes in term of branches’ levels

� Managing the space in order to enhance the aesthetic look

● Association

� Using mental links to connect keywords within branches

� Using colours and codes


3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

● Clarity

� Writing only one single keyword per line

� Writing all words

� Drawing lines with same length than words

� Drawing central lines thicker than others

● Personal style improvement

� Each map is better developed than the previous one (The « 1+ » rule)

� Presentation rules

They include :

● Hierarchy and categorization of ideas

● Numerical classification

� Chronology of ideas

� Importance order

But are these rules sufficient ?

Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules : … according to Tony BUZAN … according to Tony BUZAN … according to Tony BUZAN … according to Tony BUZAN (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)


Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules Basic rules : some conceptual rulessome conceptual rulessome conceptual rulessome conceptual rules3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Graphical possibilities from commercial softwares allow for conceptual aberrations.It looks to us important to remind below some principles :

� Every map only possesses a unique and single visible centre

� The branches of a map are always visible (This rule has nothing to do withthe possibility to fold or unfold a map)

� A mental link is always documented (Via the wording)

� A floating keyword or a floating image are a mind map's information

elements. To this effect they are linked to the centre itself when no branch

is visible.

� Due to the radiating aspect of the map there is no particular reading

direction of the map; neither from left to right or right to left.

Only because of software-related constraints or personal considerations can

lead us to read clockwise.


Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology : presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Drawing a map does not only mobilize cognitive capacities but also our eyes, ourhands and therefore the whole body. Funnily enough, this relationship toconsidering things as a whole is little covered in most publications about mindmapping. Consequently the map designer and his life balance disappear entirelyfrom the approach.

In response to this fact we have introduced the notion of personal ecology;a preliminary stage in the build up of a map which will underpin our build upmethodology. Our presentation thus aims at meeting the following objectives :

� Objectives

● Presenting life balance parameters and how they relate to mind maps

● Explaining the importance of water and its role in mind mapping

● Introducing Brain gym® as a preliminary technic to creation

And beforehand let us talk about the brain ?


Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology : general points about the braingeneral points about the braingeneral points about the braingeneral points about the brain3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Due to the place it takes and the interest it increasingly attracts, we summarize below some general points about the brain :

� It only accounts for 2% of an adult's body weight.

� It alone consumes 20% of the body’s total energetic resources.

� It cannot activate more than 2% of its neurons simultaneously.

� It cannot sustain more than 5’ without oxygen without risking serious lesion.

� It is made of 90% water that it crucially needs.

� It needs oxygen to enable our cognition to function (Among others).

� It is built up to learn during the whole of our life.

� It is neuro-social (Need to be connected to others).

� It atrophies if it is not used: « Use it or lose it ».

� It always works including during the night.

� Its weight does not reflect its intellectual capacities.

� It restructures itself during its entire lifetime (Neuroplasticity).

� It creates new neurons regularly (Neurogenesis).


Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology : the brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mind----mapping mapping mapping mapping (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Given that our approach is biomimicry-based, why not using the brain's mechanismto help us designing maps ?

� Nature likes abundance

For infants the number of connections (Synapses) considerably increases untilthe end of the first year. His genetic programs generates abundance. However,his life conditions will sort, hence leading to an important loss of neurons andsynapses afterwards.

With Mind mapping it can be more interesting to create more branches andkeywords even if in the end we may eliminate part of them.


3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

� D.Hebb rule

Donald Hebb highlighted the following points :

● The brain links all information it perceives to other information (Association).

● Sollicitating one single element can trigger the whole network.

● We can never learn a thing in isolation.

Regarding mind mapping we can use these principles following two axes :

● Associate an emotion to key words, or a map, to reactivate the whole memory.

● Link as much as possible a map's subject to knowledge and/or experiences and/or people.

Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology : the brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mind----mapping mapping mapping mapping (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)


Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology : a balanced life a balanced life a balanced life a balanced life (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

From our point of view we can define the personal ecology notion by 4 criteria playing a role in our daily life balance :

� Sleep

� Activities

� Food

� Water

Through their importance they will influence our creativity, hence the creation of

our maps. Not being concerned about it is losing efficiency.

© www.emapsfree.fr


3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

It would need several books to treat this subject. However our attention is focusedon two points that look to us essential because they can largely contribute toimprove map creation.

� Water

Not only water is essential to our lymphatic system, but it also possesses otherqualities :

● It enables to reduce stress, which can be useful for exams.

● It favours emotional calm.

● It stimulates cognitive functions (Improvement of concentration).

● It enables a better storage of information.

● It improves mental and physical coordination.

Of course we cannot substitute other drinks to it because that will be interpretedas food by the body (Tea, coffee, etc.).

Shall we drink water before creating a map ?

Source : Cf. [7] « Brain Gym » Paul & Gail DENNISSON – 2010

Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology : a balanced life a balanced life a balanced life a balanced life (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)


3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

� Brain Gym®

Paul Dennisson, doctor in education science, is a pioneer in the field of education through movement. With his wife Gail, they set up a kinesthetic education method back in 1986 based on 26 movements they called : Brain Gym®.

This method which implies the whole body enables:

● Increasing coordination between eyes and hands

● Favouring focus and thus increasing attention

● Re-balancing both cerebral hemispheres (Conjoint work)

● Improving auditory and mnesic skills

● Facilitating learning in general

When applied to mind-mapping we noticed a greater facility to build up maps following a 10 minutes Brain Gym® session (*). But is it a surprise ? A bigadvantage of this method is that it is accessible to all whatever the age.

(*) : This is a personal observation.

Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology Personal ecology : a balanced life a balanced life a balanced life a balanced life (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)


3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

� Why references to the two brain's hemispheres are not present in

your document ?

Answer : The fact that Mind-mapping (MM) makes both cerebral hemispheres working jointly, each described by their functionality, has been covered by numerous books and publications but no scientific evidence of it has ever been shown. This may be true but to our knowledge no serious study based on fMRI (*) has been conducted to confirm this say.

However we believe the strength of mind mapping lies elsewhere. As a matter of fact and given our cerebral dominance (CD) we face difficulties as soon as we try to communicate (For example: someone with a right CD meets someone with a left CD). In practice we note that these problems disappear when these people collaborate to the creation of a map. Communication reweaves with MM where oral communication failed.

EEEEcologie personnelle cologie personnelle cologie personnelle cologie personnelle : FAQFAQFAQFAQ

(*) : functional magnetic resonance imaging


Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology : presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation3.33.33.33.3

Introducing the intention of a map naturally involves to include the Mind-mapping approach within a construction methodology. Although it may look like an additional constraint, it, to the contrary, brings many advantages including giving a rhythm to a map construction.

� Avantages

● Sharing the same references

● Facilitating the same communication

● Proposing suggestions during construction

● Lumping together within the same method all elements presented

● Favouring a better understanding of maps

● Introducing a 3-stage construction cycle

● Extending used graphical components' possibilities...

… of which the legend … of which the legend … of which the legend … of which the legend


Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology : the legendthe legendthe legendthe legend3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

A legend is not always present when creating a map. We give below some possible leads to make one.

Creating a legend is selecting a floating subject to which some key words will be added, but not just this ! Because it can also be the place to create links, to document or enrich the map with video and sound files. A legend increases a map's potentiality.

What if a legend was only a map's keyword ?


Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology : the cycle the cycle the cycle the cycle (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Our methodology is split in 3 stages within a same cycle:

� Before : preparation, blank leaf (and brain empty)

● This is a stage where we will put the intention of the map

● It is also the time to forget all other maps done

● It is the adequate time for personal ecology (Drink water, Brain Gym®)

� During : creation, formulation

● This is a stage to set up rules (Basic and conceptual)

● This is also the time to organize into a hierarchy the first level key words

● This is the adequate time for reflection and creativity

� After : rationalisation

● This is a stage of optimization through adding and deleting keywords

● This is also the time to put a legend

● This is the adequate time to connect the map to another (Virtual or not)


Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology : the cycle the cycle the cycle the cycle (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

The method can be summarized as follows :

The sequences between the various stages are not necessarily continuous and canoccur over time.

NB : Forgetting other maps means that we give free rein to our creativity through moving away from preconceived standards and codifications.


Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology Build up methodology : FAQ FAQ FAQ FAQ 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

� Is Mind mapping a tool, an approach, a method or a discipline ?

Answer : Thank you for this question which brings about a lot of

misunderstandings between experts. For some it might be easier and reassuring

in their speech to talk about softwares. For others their experience goes far

beyond the simple use of a software, and it can be normal to consider Mind-

mapping as a method. Tony Buzan, to our point of view, talked about an

approach, and after considering our relation to information, we rather see it as a

lifestyle.


� At an individual level● Increases the value of human (Visualization of knowledge, efficiency, etc.).

● Gives back confidence (Save time, diminution of tiredness, etc.).

● Increases creativity (Generation and structuration of ideas).

● Stimulates cognitive activities.

● Facilitates the acquisition of knowledge.

� At a collective level

● Increases the value of collaboration (Knowledge base, people).

● Gives back a sense of sharing (Law of exchange: give and receive).

● Makes knowledge accessible.

● Increases projects' and organizations 'dynamics.

● Increases the level of consciousness of a team.

ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions : maps’ benefitsmaps’ benefitsmaps’ benefitsmaps’ benefits


[1] The Mind Map Book : Unlock Your Creativity, …

● Author : Tony BUZAN● ISBN : 978-1406647167● Publisher : BBC Active; 1 edition (2009)

[2] Mind Maps for Business● Author : Tony BUZAN● ISBN : 978 2 10052 591 1● Publisher : BBC Active; 1 edition (14 Dec 2009)

[3] Idea mapping● Author : Jamie NAST● ISBN : 978-0471788621● Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Inc (2006)

[4] The laws of simplicity● Author : John MAEDA ● ISBN : 978-0262134729● Publisher : MIT Press (4 Aug 2006)

ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions : selective bibliography selective bibliography selective bibliography selective bibliography (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)


[5] Six Thinking Hats● Author : Edward DE BONO● ISBN : 978-0316178310● Publisher : Back Bay Books (1999)

[6] Serious Creativity● Author : Edward DE BONO● ISBN : 978-0006379584● Publisher : HarperCollins; (Reissue) edition (1995)

[7] Brain Gym® Teacher’s Edition● Author : Paul et Gail DENNISSON● ISBN : 978-0942143027● Publisher : Edu-Kinesthetics Inc; Revised edition edition (2010)

[8] Smart Moves : why learning is not all in your head ● Author : Dr Carla HANNAFORD● ISBN : 978-0915556373● Publisher : Great Ocean Publishers,U.S.; 2nd edition (2005)

ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions : selective bibliography selective bibliography selective bibliography selective bibliography (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)


� What is the purpose of mind mapping ?

Answer : The important question. From our point of view : Mind mappingfacilitates an individual and collective awareness through letting emerginginner resources.This aim makes sense if the map disappears from consciousness, but only to bereborn. To some extent a map is like a phoenix to the service of awareness.

� Can you tell us a bit more about this latter point ?

Answer : if one wants to surprise and develop one's creativity, it looks importantto avoid taking the same neuronal "motorways". It therefore is better to look forinspiration elsewhere than from previous achievements. It is therefore necessaryto forget. In this sense a map must die to be born again in a different form, hencefacilitating awareness but at a new level. Starting from your own ashes (Forgotten

map), or from already existing ashes (Various inspirations, other maps, etc.) can makethe Phoenix arise (The new map).

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� Do you predict the end of great libraries of maps ?

Answer : To the contrary, we notice numbers of passionate individuals whopropose maps that help them. This means that the maps disappear from theireyes. What is not said is the awareness they got through doing these maps.These maps will now serve as basis for other people, hence will be born again tofacilitate another awareness. We see here a big chain of solidarity.

� Do you mean that there is no interest in displaying a map ?

Answer : It depends on the intention of the map. For you it may make sense butif you wish to give it to everyone we then fall into a new issue. As a matter of facta map which is read by someone who has not done it is far less efficient from acognitive aspect. It is typically the difficulty encountered with communicationmaps that demand a huge conceptual effort.



� There is increasingly more talk about collective intelligence using

Mind-mapping. What do you think about it ?

Answer : We do not feel comfortable using the term collective intelligence, but would rather talk about collaborative or cooperative intelligence. In this field it is important to remain cautious as nothing can be sure as far as sharing knowledge is concerned. If mind mapping is a paradigm shift, collaborative intelligence is another one because it requires prerequisites that involve changes at individual and/or collective level. Also we think that collective intelligence is only the result of collaborative or cooperative intelligence. Yet, Collaborative mind mapping has its place in this approach because a map is like a neuron. For that matter softwares have been quick to exploit this possibility through platforms, which makes sense as connecting knowledge/information and connecting neurons is very similar.




Whether hand drawn or done via a software, a mind map should remain a never ending pleasure inviting creativity.

Jean-Pascal CÔTE

(www.drawmeanidea.com)


ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions : contactscontactscontactscontacts

Mind-Mapping presentation (English version)

Education

mindmapping presentation

number of mind

dynamism of mind

aim of mind

mindmapping capabilities

pc based mindmapping

mapping editors

scopeout of scopeout