Mind Games: ME-dical malPRACTICEs ? 28th May 2010 Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen 1 st Danish ME/CFS Association Conference with The European Society for ME (ESME) Malcolm Hooper PhD, B Pharm, ARIC, C Chem Emeritus Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sunderland, UK ME (female) 4 vs CFS (male) 1 With thanks to Michael Maes for the title
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Mind Games: ME-dical malPRACTICEs ? 28th May 2010 Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen 1 st Danish ME/CFS Association Conference with The European Society for.
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Mind Games: ME-dical malPRACTICEs ?
28th May 2010 Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen
1st Danish ME/CFS Association Conference with The European Society for ME (ESME)
Malcolm Hooper PhD, B Pharm, ARIC, C Chem
Emeritus Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sunderland, UK
ME (female) 4 vs
CFS (male) 1
With thanks to Michael Maes for the title
THE BIG DIVIDE
SOMATISATION ALL IN THE MIND
PSYCHOSOCIAL
COMPLEX CHRONIC MULTI-SYSTEM CONDITION
BIOMEDICAL BASIS
1. CLAIMS
2. EVIDENCE
3. POLICY
MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IS A
–COMPLEX
- CHRONIC
- MULTI-SYSTEM ILLNESS
“I might be criticised for presenting alarming material [about ME] but I have tried to present the truth and this in perspective” Dr John Richardson (1915-2002 50 years study)
“Everything that cannot be understood does nevertheless not cease to exist.” Blaise Pascal (1623-1682)
+ Literature. Reported = Anecdotal Adapted from Jackie Burkhead
ME/CFS AND OTHER OVERLAPPING SYNDROMES.
WHAT’S IN A NAME? ME vs CFS
WHO - ICD 10 - G93.3 (FROM 1969) IS CLEAR MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IS A NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERMUSCLE PAIN WITH INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL
CORD
[THE ONLY ALLOWED ALTERNATIVE NAMES AREPOST-VIRAL FATIGUE SYNDROME, PVFS, CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, CFS]
ME DESCRIBES A PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION WITH CLEAR MEANING FOR CLINICIANS AND ALLIED SCIENTISTS
CHRONIC FATIGUE DESCRIBES A SYMPTOM – SUBJECTIVE – PROVIDES NO OBJECTIVE CLINICAL SIGNS FOR DIAGNOSIS- MAKES MISCHIEF POSSIBLE
PVFS DESCRIBES AETIOLOGY (VIRUS INDUCED) + A SYMPTOM - FATIGUE
NOT ENCEPHALOPATHY (NOT CLASSIFIED) –MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Decreasing objective information clinical, diagnostic, scientific, aetiological.
FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYNDROMES: ONE OR MANY? Wessely et al Lancet 1999;354:936-9 PSYCHOSOCIAL SCHOOL PARADIGM
Gastroenterology – IBS, Non-ulcer dyspepsia
Gynaecology – PMS, chronic pelvic pain
Rheumatology – Fibromyalgia
Cardiology – Atypical or non-cardiac pain
Respiratory medicine – hyperventilation
Infectious Disease – PVFS- ME-CFS
Neurology – Tension headache
Dentistry – TMJ dysfunction, Atypical facial pain
ENT – Globus syndrome
ALLERGY - MCS
CANNOT EXPLAIN BYCONVENTIONAL PARADIGMS
CONVENTIONAL THERAPY INEFFECTIVE
MORE COMON IN WOMEN THAN MEN
SHARE NON-SPECIFIC SYMPTOMS
SYNDROMES RESPOND TO SAME THERAPIES, CBT/GET, PACING, PARTLY SUPPORTED– PATIENT SELECTION/DEFINITION CRUCIAL.
MISREPRESENTATION AND WORSE
FITNESS FOR WORK - OUP-2004 REPRINT £50-00 IN ASSOCIATION WITH RCP FACULTY OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE
WESSELY et al p.132 - incl, Maurice LIPSEDGE Consultant Psychiatrist KCL.
BRIEF INFECTION (USUALLY VIRAL) >>>
VULNERABLE PERFECTIONIST PERSONALITY + PRESSURE AT WORK
EMPLOYEE SICKNESS ABSENCES>>>
FATIGUE >>>>
PROLONGED BED REST >>>>
MALADAPTIVE BELIEFS >>>
CHRONIC INVALIDISM>>>
TERMINATION OF SERVICE ON MEDICAL GROUNDS. ALL LAZY CHILDREN - INACTIVE >>>>
+/- PENSION !
STEPHEN RALPH -12/6/04 - www.meactionuk.org.uk
Twisk & Maes 2009; Wessely & Wood , 1999! supply EVIDENCE SHOWING SOME OF THESE CLAIMS TO BE IN ERROR.
“They reduce disability, & enhance control over symptoms”.
“Modestly effective”.
“Not remotely curative”.
“These interventions are not the answer to CFS”.
Professor Simon Wessely, Journal American Medical Association Vol. 286, #11 Sept. 19, 2001. Read your own papers please! Twisk & Maes 2009 make same point
Efficacy of CBT & GET - FROM THE “HORSES
MOUTH”.
Efficacy of CBT & GET - FROM THE “HORSES
MOUTH”.Why then spend £8.2 million on clinics etc ?
CHAPTER 7
Psychiatry and neuropsychiatry
7.6 “Nearly all studies find that between one-quarter to one-third of those who fulfil criteria for CFS do not fulfil ANY criteria for psychiatric disorder. Any simple equation of CFS with psychiatric disorder is thus erroneous”.
A Psychiatric Condition?
SOMATIC MEDICINE ABUSES PSYCHIATRY – AND NEGLECTS CAUSES
An almost TOTAL lack of SCIENTIFIC support
Reclassifying BODILY symptoms as MENTAL problems…where CONVENTIONAL medicine is at a loss for an explanation.
LACK OF firm KNOWLEDGE is converted into SPECULATIVE ASSERTIONS without any CRITICAL voices being heard. PD, MS, Diabetes
Causal explanation for illnesses .. go with predominantly somatic symptoms [that] lack any basic similarity to known mental disorders.
An evasive argument…with its lamentably poor record of research into causes, particularly where environmental factors are concerned.
Industrial interests are actively influencing the course of what is ostensibly a scientific discussion.
What makes an individual human being ill cannot be determined by statistics
Lack of knowledge is a considerable handicap in the treatment of chronic diseases
Per Dalen (Psychiatrist) http:art-bin.com/art/dalen_en.html
“I see psychiatry under attack from all quarters. Some people see a great future for us. I don’t share that view. I believe there is a serious risk that psychiatry as we know it will no longer exist in as little as fifteen years. The reason is simply a lack of anything approximating an adequate intellectual framework for our efforts.”
This model was the basis for the rejection of the Class Action brought by GWVs and persists still- see Phil Trans Royal Soc 2006;631:689-695.
The myth of the biopsychosocial model.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 40 (3), 277-278
http://www.futurepsychiatry.com/ Chapters 7 and 9
This model is based on fraud and ignorance and a complete misunderstanding of the origins of the idea. It is a myth.
MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS – CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AT G93.3 [NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS]
[MENTAL & BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS – F48.0]
NEUROLOGY G93.3
PSYCHIATRY/PSYCHOLOGY F48.0
CHRONIC SYNDROME
DUAL CLASSIFICATION IS NOT ALLOWED UNDER RUBRICS OF WHO
FATIGUE SYNDROMES CHRONIC FATIGUE
NIH-CFS DEBATE, 2007 -19 YEARS AFTER DECISION
Dr Donna Dean
1. ME/CFS carries significant STIGMA for PATIENTS
2. MEDICAL COMMUNITY bears some responsibility for invalidating ME/CFS as a REAL condition.
3. PATIENT ADVOCACY bears come some responsibility – working at cross-purposes even among themselves.
4. NIH Panel MEMBERSHIP is SIGNIFICANTLY BIASED towards the BEHAVOURAL side of research.
Prof Anton Komaroff
“None of the participants in creating the 1988 CFS case definition and name ever expressed any concern that it might TRIVIALISE the illness. We were insensitive to that possibility and WE WERE WRONG.
THE NAME DIVIDES – The medical community that has tried to abandon the use of ME, replacing it by CFS. Patients INSIST on using ME.
BIGGEST DIVIDE: PSYCHIATRY, ALL IN THE MIND. SOMATISATION/SOMATOFORM DISORDER vs BIOLOGICAL- ORGANIC ILLNESS.
25% ME GROUP [THE SEVERELY AFFECTED-1/3/O4
RANDOM SAMPLE -437 = 66% OF MEMBERSHIP
COMMENTS ON TREATMENTS GIVEN
H% UNH%
PERSON-CENTRED COUNSELLING 54 46
PSYCHOTHERAPY 10 90
CBT* 7 93
GET* 5 95
PACING* 70 30
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES 60 40
SYMPTOMATIC CARE MANAG 73 30
PAIN MANAGEMENT 75 25
* £8.2 MILLION GOVERNMENT FUNDING HAS BEEN COMMITTED TO CLINICS OFFERING ONLY THESE TREATMENTS. WHY?
1. Interventions – CBT, GET, Pacing, Stand Med Care
2. NO OBJECTIVE CRITERIA WERE USED- Exercise or Biological (White- Chief Investigator of the Trial, lead among Principal Investigators White, Sharpe, Chalder. In 2004, White showed raised levels of TNF- sustained at least 3 days after exercise. He needs to read his own papers! )
Hooper, Williams with Members of the ME Community – 2010. Download www. meactionuk.org
CBT IS NOT HARMLESS – TO IGNORE SYMPTOMS IS TO INVITE SERIOUS CLINICAL PROBLEMS- MISSED DIAGNOSES- MISDIAGNOSES see BYRON HYDE’S LATEST BOOK.
GET IS POSITIVELY DANGEROUS LEADING TO EXTENSIVE RELAPES AND EVEN DEATH!
BRYNMOOR JOHN MP ME + EXERCISE DIED ON WESTMINSTER BRIDGE IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS.
CFS – CBT - GET
SHORTENED LIFE EXPECTANCY/DEATH – HEART FAILURE 20.1% (58.7)[83.1]; CANCER 19.4% (47.8)[72.0]; SUICIDE 20.1% (39.3)[48.0]
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME – DEFINITIONS DETAILS
1994 Case Definition: Fukuda et al Ann Int Med Dec 1994 – this the most widely used clinically/Research. Oxford also still employed by some.
Characterised by: Medically unexplained Of new onset At least 6 months duration Not the result of ongoing exertion Not substantially relieved by rest Substantial reduction in previous activities
With 4 of the following: impaired memory/concentration Sore throat Tender cervical lymph nodes Myalgia Headaches of new type Unrefreshing sleep Post-exertional malaise (Some with ME-CFS) Multi joint pain without swelling or redness
OXFORD1. Disabling fatigue of uncertain cause.2. Psychiatric disorders not necessarily excluded.3. Any identifiable biomedical illness excludes.
SELECTS ONLY PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS NOT ME-CFS.
CFS/MEn=48
OPn=25
GWn=24
Sore Throat 25(52%)
12(48%)
11(46%)
Concentration/Memory Problems 48(100%)
24(96%)
24(100%)
Glands 27(56%)
6(24%)
9(38%)
Muscle Pain 45(94%)
6(24%)
9(38%)
Joint Pain 37(77%)
19(76%)
23(96%)
Headaches 28(58%)
17(68%)
21(88%)
Sleep 43(90%)
18(72%)
23(96%)
Post Exercise Fatigue 48(100%)
24(96%)
23(96%)
1994 FUKUDA CDC classification found wanting symptoms [number (%)]
Kennedy, Spence et al Ann Epidemiol. 2004;14:95-100
MAJOR COMMON FEATURES
CANADIAN CONSENSUS PANEL CRITERIA FOR M.E. - 2003
FATIGUEPOST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE & FATIGUESLEEP DISORDERSPAINNEUROLOGICAL /COGNITIVE MANIFESTATIONS (2 or more)
AT LEAST ONE SYMPTOM FROM 2 OF FOLLOWING CATEGORIES
NEUROENDOCRINE - Thermostatic instability- heat/cold intolerance, Anorexia or Abnormal Appetite, Marked weight change, hypoglycaemia, loss of adaptability /tolerance to stress and slow recovery from stress, emotional lability
IMMUNE - tender lymph nodes, sore throat, flu-like symptoms, general, general malaise, development of new allergies or change in status of old ones, hypersensitivity to medications and/or chemicals.
De MEIRLEIR –FROM RNase L etc IDENTIFIES 3 MAJOR SUB-GROUPS 1999- 2005.
KERR et al 2005, 2007, 2010 - GENETICS - 8 CLINICAL PHENOTYPES, SNPs
NEWTON et al. 2007 2 SUB-GROUPS - 75% ME-CFS patients have DYSAUTONOMIA WITH THEIR FATIGUE
Roberto Patarca-Montero. JCFS 2000:7(4):1 “the sorting of patients into subpopulations….is helping in the design and interpretation of clinical trials for therapeutic interventions aimed at particular disease manifestations”.
ALL HAVE DIFFERENT TESTING & TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS
CANADIAN CRITERIA, 2003, SUB-GROUPS ESSENTIAL AND CHARACTERISED.
Jason et al, 2005 showed need for sub-groups
NOT a Fatigue Syndrome/Neurasthenia. ICD-10 G.93.3 NOT F.48.0
NOT Chronic Fatigue - many causes, Amer Med Assoc 1990
NOT Clinical Depression fails clinical tests –Richardson et al and many others
NOT Burnout – cortisol responses differ Mommersteeg et al
ME CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE
NOT DECONDITIONING - Burnett, Newton.
NOT CFS - Spence et al, Olano et al
WHAT ME IS NOT!
SUMMARY OF BIOMEDICAL EVIDENCE
Twisk & Maes, 2009
SF-36 SCORES MEAN OF GENERAL POPULATIONS
PF= Physical Functioning (10); SF = Social Functioning (2); RP= Role Limitations Physical Problems (4); RE= Role Limitations Emotional Problems (3); MH=Mental Health (5); VT= Vitality/Energy (4); BP = Pain (2); GH = General Health (5)
ME/CFS, OP & GULF WAR
PF SF RP RE MH VT BP GH
WESSELY et al UNABLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SICK AND ‘WELL’ GWVs - JOEM 2003;45:668-675.
THIS IS A MAJOR CLINICAL WORK THAT REPRESENTS A LIFE TIME OF DEDICATED STUDY AND PATIENT CARE.
Brain blood flow by PET Scans differentiates ME/CFS from depression
ISBN 0-7890-1127 Haworth Medical Press, 2001
1992- Byron Hyde, Jay Goldstein, Paul Levine (Eds)
74 Chapters covering all aspects of ME-CFS
Modern Techniques- SPECT , PET, MRI (MRS)
Numerous Clinical Studies
Multi system effects
Effective Treatments
Chia JKS. The Role of Enteroviruses in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome- A Review J Clin Pathol 2005;58:1126-32
Enteroviruses are well known causes of acute respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, with tropism for the central nervous system, muscle, and heart. Initial reports of chronic enteroviral infections causing debilitating symptoms in patients with CFS were met with skepticism, and largely forgotten for the past decade…….Recent evidence not only confirmed the earlier studies but also clarified the pathological role of viral RNA through antiviral treatment.
Reetoo KN, Osman SA, Illavia SJ, Cameron-Wilson CL, Bantavala JE, Muir P. Quantitative analysis of viral RNA kinetics in coxsacchie B3- induce murine myocarditis….with persitence of residual viral RNA throughout and beyond the inflammatory phase. J Gen Virol 2000;81:2755-62
Lane RJM, Soteriou BA, Zhang H, Archard LC. Enterovirus related metabolic myopathy: a postviral fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1382-6.
Peckerman A, Lamanca JJ, Dahl KA, ChemitigantiR, Qureseishi B, Natelson BH. Abnormal Impedance Cardiography predicts Symptom Severity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Am J Med Sci 2003;326:55-60.
Twisk & Maes, 2009.
Pall 2007
Klimas et al
Spence et al
This is the first time that raised levels of the gold standard measure of in vivo oxidative stress (isoprostanes) and their association with CFS symptoms have been reported.
McArdle et al FRBM 2005;39:651-7
Showing free radical (reactive oxygen species) increasing with exercise.
This is why GET is damaging to people with ME/CFS
They start with a high ROS load which is rapidly increased.
Part of strong evidence for ENCAPHALOMYELITIS vs NOT -OPATHY debate
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: assessment of increased oxidative stress and altered muscle excitability in response to incremental exercise. Jammes et al J Intern Med 2005;257:299-310
In CFS there is
– increased oxygen uptake by exercising muscle
- exercise-induced oxidative stress was enhanced.
hsCRP correlates beset with clinical status of ME patients – Spence et al unpublished data
ME MANY SYMP
TOMS
Inflammation Cardiovascular Disease
Vance Spence et al
RNaseL Immune Dysregulation –Autoimmunity De Meirleir et al
Virus Susceptibility Enteroviruses Coxsacchie B Herpes EBV etc Richardson,
Chia, Lerner
COMPLEX
I LLNESS
PUPPET
MASTER
MANY STR I NGS
Cancer (Prostate,) Thyroid, NHL- Hyde
Genetics – Kerr et al, Gow et al
XMRV
XMRV SUMMARY SLIDE – ITS MAKES SENSE!
POLTICAL CONTROL OF HEALTH COSTS OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS AND CONCERNS OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY ABOUT COSTS REQUIRE M.E. TO BE DISMISSED BY FALSE EVIDENCE AND PATIENTS TO BE IGNORED.
POLICY-BASED EVIDENCE [PACING, CBT, GET] WITH NO CREDIBLE INTELLECTUAL OR CLINICAL FOUNDATION
VS
EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY [BIOMEDICAL WITH SOUND SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION PROVIDING TARGETED HEALTH CARE &TREATMENT
FAILURE OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND INSURANCE AGENCIES
53% 38% 9%
GP HOME VISITS
Never
Periodically
Regularly
VISIT THE SICK – DO NO HARM –MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE/DERELICITON OF DUTY
American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for MENTAL DISORDERS, DSM –V. PROPOSED REVISION OF DSM 4
Excuse? RATIONALISE REVISION OF 1CD-10 TO ICD-11 categories of Mental Disorders with DSM.
NEW CATEGORY! COMPLEX SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDER, CSSD.
A. Somatic Symptoms- multiple & Distressing or ONE severe symptom
B. Misattributions, Excessive concerns or pre-occupation with symptoms and Illness.
At least 2 of
+ High level of health-related anxiety
+ Normal bodily symptoms are viewed as threatening and harmful.
+ Tendency to Assume Worst – catastrophising!
+ Belief in medical seriousness of their symptoms – despite contrary evidence
+ Health concerns assume a central role in their lives.
Examples Abound – Severe and persistent Gastric upset and pain – occasionally blood, vomiting- sometimes relieved by eating but some foods cause more pain. Feel weak and tired, worried. What is it?
M.E. (G93.3) is NOT a Mental and Behavioural Disorder (F48.0) –
repeat 3 times – morning, noon and night !- until THIS FALSE BELIEF clears.
IT IS FALSE ILLNESS BELIEF TO ASSERT M.E.HAS A PSYCHOGENIC ORIGIN
IT IS MEDICAL MALPRACTICE AND NEGLIGENCE [CRUEL AND PERVERSE]
1. NOT TO READ AND FULLY CONSIDER ALL THE BIOMEDICAL EVIDENCE ABOUT M.E. ( >4000 PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS). DATA, DATA, DATA- READ –MARK – LEARN – INWARDLY DIGEST – ACT IN THE LIGHT OF THIS KNOWLEDGE
2. TO DENY APPROPRIATE TESTS TO CONFIRM THE ILLNESS. NICE GUIDELINE IS USELESS, Gibson Report. Testing is not advised/ proscribed
3. TO USE SUCH WILFUL IGNORANCE TO LIMIT AND DENY APPROPRIATE TREATMENTS & INSURANCE BENEFITS.
1. THE NAME MUST BE CHANGED- DROP CFS AND ANY REFEENCE TO FATIGUE SYNDROME(S). KEEP ICD 11 G93.3 EXCLUDE FROM F48.0 & DSM V
2. EXPLORE OTHER POSSIBILITIES BASED ON BIOMEDICAL EVIDENCE eg. RETROVIRAL DISEASES Chap 0.?