Mind Force 2008

Mind Force

Human Attractions

Franco Orsucci

Complexity vs Ockam

Complexity vs Ockam 2

Phylosophy and the arts

Plato, Symposium The Androginus mith, narrated by Aristophanes The nature of Eros: mediating and facilitating attractions

Johann W. von Goethe, The Elective Affinities “Every time he observed again that those experiments [on

human attractions] not always succeeded but it wasn’t a good reason to give up, that research instead had to be pursued with a serious methodology, revealing relations and affinities of inorganic matters, and those between organic and inorganic, or inside organic itself, which now were hidden.”

“Imagine an A closely bound to a B and by a variety of means and even by force not able to be separated from it; imagine a C in a similar relationship with a D; now bring the two pairs into contact…”

MF modern story 1

Descartes Every time we think we change our

brain, W. James Mesmer and Animal Magnetism Freud

MF story 2 Kurt Lewin, Lewin, who was well known for his

terms "life space" and "field theory”, proposed to view the social environment as a dynamic field that affected human consciousness

HS Sullivan Wertheimer, Kohler, & Koffka Karl Popper Benjamin Libet, CMF Sir John Eccles, psychons Bohm & Bohr WJ Freeman

Bipersonal field

MF story 3

“Minds are located, unextended, incorporeal, capable of acting on bodies, dependent on body and capable of being influenced by bodies. (…) Now, I say, things of this kind do exist, and we all know it. So, what are these things? These things are forces.” (Popper, 1993: 168).

Psychoanalysis

G draft

Object relations & attachment

Freeman “consciousness is not merely ‘like’ a

force; it is a field of force that can be understood in the same ways that we understand all other fields of force (and energy) within which we, through our bodies, are immersed, and which we, through our bodies, comprehend in accordance with the known laws of physics.” (Freeman, 2007).

Sync: a powerful paradigm The theory of coupled oscillators (dynamic attractors). Coupled oscillators

can be found throughout the natural world, but they are especially conspicuous in living things: pacemaker cells in the heart; but also sync of rhythms between breathing and hearth frequency; hormones at many different levels; genes; and neural networks in the brain and spinal cord that control such rhythmic behaviors as breathing, running and chewing. Indeed, not all the oscillators need be confined to the same organism: consider crickets that chirp in unison and congregations of synchronously flashing fireflies

Synchrony harmonizes complex interacting variables. Sync comprehends a vast body of knowledge created by scientists working across disciplines, continents and centuries.

Sync Theory synthesize complex data in the same and different domains: self-organized order in time and space.

Dynamical Systems Theory includes sync as it allows finding order where seeing just disorder and noise because of the amount of complexity we couldn’t deal with.

Sync is a powerful paradigm for psychotherapies because it studies how different systems continuously interact during a certain amount of time.

Examples of Biological Evidence

Fireflies have a cluster of neurons in their brains which allow sync.

Hormons within and between. Menstrual periods in confined

groups: a silent conversation mediated by pheromones.

Brain waves, the so-called binding issue.

Hidden regulators

Couplings

We used RQA and KRQA (Cross Recurrence) also to measure the coupling and synchronization during the conversation (linguistic interaction) of different subjects.

We measured a series of text samples derived from transcriptions of a natural, spontaneous, conversation (NAT) and a clinical conversation (CLIN) held in an organized and stable setting. While the first one was supposed to evolve following its inner co-evolutionary dynamics; the second one is supposed to be finalized towards controlled and partially pre-defined dynamics by one of the agents (therapist). In both cases RQA presents a reliable way to show and measure the evolution of synchronization.

Sample 1. A dialogue between two friends: they are talking about “the meaning of life”.

Sample 2. A dialogue between a patient and a psychotherapist. Both represent a semiotic interaction each dot in the plot being a turn in conversation. Measures were already realiable at embedding 3!

Linguistic Evidence

Conversation synchrony: Information, discourse, turn taking, movement.

Speech and rhythmic behaviour

Categorical Recurrence Analysis of Child Language

Rick Dale and Michael J. Spivey, Department of Psychology, Cornell University

Mirrors (reflex, reflect)

Psycho-Social Evidence

Sociogram 3 Women Sleeping

and dreaming ESP ?

Perspectives: coevolution

Modeling Attractions

We are like wheels within wheels. Micro level: molecules and cells, Organs Bodies and minds World and bodies

Entrainment

of many wheels.

Dynamics (individual)

Dynamics comprehend the following:

Meta-Cognition Foundation semiotics Epigenesis &

Neuroplasticity Biophysics

Found

Meta

Biophys

Epigen

Dynamics

2D Cycle of change

Reflectivecascading

Decoupling

Entrainmentsignals

Synchronization

E-Mergence

3D Cicle of change

MF definition MF is beyond Res Cogitans and Res Extensa in

dynamical and structural terms. We might say that it constitutes a superior unity.

New physics and new biomedicine gave us some crucial tools to transcend Descartes. The immense complexity and dimensionalities of human systems, if considered in a post-Cartesian view, must be studied in the modern terms of complexity theory, nonlinear dynamics, field theory, quantum mechanics, molecular biology and cognitive science. These seemingly different approaches would be integrated in order to reach a real view of MF nature and operations, beyond the dichotomies and appearances we a re used to see.

MF definition 2 A logical consequence is that MF, in its structure

(that we are going to recognize in random networks) and dynamics (that we are going to recognize in fields, waves of synchronizing nonlinear oscillators), would be heterogeneous. Dynamics, fields and hyperstructures of MF would span through molecular domains, neural domains, cognitive domains and even socio-cultural domains. We might need to consider how MF fields might “pack” specific dynamics “vertically” ranging across these different domains, just we have considered dynamical fields spanning within a single domain.

MF def 3 If we are able to accomplish this reframing of our perceptual and

cognitive habits in order to recognize MF, we might see how it forms a dynamical “glue” ensuring the inner and outer attractions in bodies, minds and social ensembles and the cohesion of our inner and outer bio-psycho-social realities.

A definition of Mind Force would be as the hyperstructure formed by random self-organizing networks of synchronized linear and nonlinear oscillators coupled and recruited in waves and fields spanning trough heterogeneous domains. Bio-psycho-social oscillators would act as nodes or hubs in this dynamical hyperstructure.

Each oscillator might act as a master hub and/or as a slave or a free (self-organizing) node within the hyperstructure dynamics. Waves of massive and eventually heterogeneous transient entrainment would form attractors and fields. These waves of massive synchronizations propagate through different media, domains and dimensionality scales. A logical consequence is that MF transient or steady fields would interfere and interact each other, but there would be MF resultant forming MF dynamical landscapes.

trees create the form of the windZenrin Kushu

Mind Force

Models

Franco Orsucci

Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.Albert Einstein

Sympathy of clocks

The origin of the word synchronization is an ancient Greek root, sun-cronos, which means “to share time”.

The history of synchronization goes back to the 17th century when the famous Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1673) reported on his observation of synchronization of two pendulum clocks. Systematic study of this phenomenon, experimental as well as theoretical, was started by Edward Appleton (1922) and Balthasar van der Pol (1927). They showed that the frequency of a triode generator can be entrained, or synchronized, by a weak external signal with slightly different frequency.

These studies were of high practical importance because such generators became basic elements of radio communication systems.

Mutual synchronization of two weakly nonlinear oscillators was analytically treated by Mayer (1935) and Gaponov (1936.

An important step was done by Stratonovich (1958, 1963) who developed a theory of external synchronization of a weakly nonlinear oscillator in the presence of random noise.

Sync & Complexity The theory of coupled oscillators (dynamic attractors). Coupled oscillators can be found

throughout the natural world, but they are especially conspicuous in living things: pacemaker cells in the heart; insulin secreting cells in the pancreas; and neural networks in the brain and spinal cord that control such rhythmic behaviors as breathing, running and chewing. Indeed, not all the oscillators need be confined to the same organism: consider crickets that chirp in unison and congregations of synchronously flashing fireflies.

Anything displaying a periodic behavior is an oscillator (not just pendulums!?) Phase, frequency & amplitude Synchrony harmonizes complex interacting variables. Sync is an attempt to synthesize a vast

body of knowledge created by scientists working across disciplines, continents and centuries. Sync Theory synthesize complex data in the same and different domains: self-organized order in

time and space. “At the heart of the universe is a steady, insistent beat: the sound of cycles in sync. It pervades

nature at every scale, from the nucleus to the cosmos” (Strogatz, 2003) Oliver Sacks in his recent book on musicophilia reminded how our nervous system is exquisitely

tuned for music. But how much of this is due to the intrinsic physical characteristics of music itself and its complex sonic patterns woven in time?

E. T. Hall (1983) has been important in noticing that humans in all cultures are engaged in a rhythmic dance.

Menstrual sync: case studies

Movement, music, dance!

E. T. Hall (1983) has been important in noticing that humans in all cultures are engaged in a rhythmic dance.

Complex Systems

When more than two oscillators are coupled, however, the range of possible behaviors becomes much more complex. The equations governing their behavior tend to become intractable.

Henri Poincaré, a virtuoso French mathematician who lived in the early 1900s founded the modern qualitative theory of dynamical systems. He created topology, the study of shapes and their continuity, and used this new mathematical tool to attempt to answer the question "Is the solar system stable?", a question posed by King Oscar II of Sweden. Poincare won the prize with his publication of On The Problem of Three Bodies and the Equations of Equilibrium. These three bodies are an excellent example of a dynamical system. In his attempt to solve this problem Poincare introduced the Poincare section and saw the first signs of Chaos.

Synchrony is the most obvious case of a general effect called phase locking: many oscillators tracing out the same pattern but not necessarily in step.

Indeed, coupled oscillators often fail to synchronize. The explanation is a phenomenon known as symmetry breaking, in which a single symmetric state such as synchrony is replaced by several less symmetric states that together embody the original symmetry.

Periodic motion can be represented in terms of a time series or a phase portrait (or phase space). The phase portrait combines position and velocity, thus showing the entire range of states that a system can display. Any system that undergoes periodic behavior, no matter how complex, will eventually trace out a closed curve in phase space.

Molecular oscillators

Ultradian rhythms

Rhythm Period, Frequency, Amplitude

Coupling Comments

heart rate 3 hour[FO1]  newborn

sleep cycle during development

human

heart rate 3 hour newborn

circadian15-30 days of age

human

sleep architecture newbornold age

REM 80%REM 20%

human

luteinizing hormone puberty sleep + GNRH/LHburst

human: lh increases 39 fold

“nasal cycle” 1-5 hours autonomic toneand (right or left)cerebral dominance

decreases with age

blood glucose insulin 6 hour blood glucose24 hour circadian

mealtime dependentendogenous

healthy adults

insulin in elderly irregular release

pulsatile release lost

pulsatile release is lost in elderly

Daily rhythms

Attractors

Examples of Biological Evidence

Fireflies have a cluster of neurons in their brains which allow sync.

Hormons within and between. Menstrual periods in confined

groups: a silent conversation mediated by pheromones.

Brain waves, the so-called binding issue.

Recurrence Quantification Analysis

A recurrence plot is a 2-dimensional N x N pattern of points where N is the number of embedding vectors obtained from the delay coordinates of the input signal.

From the occurrence of lines parallel to the diagonal in the recurrence plot it can be seen how fast neighboured trajectories diverge in phase space. Therefore, the average length of these lines is a measure of the reciprocal of the largest positive Lyapunov exponent.

REC =Percent recurrence = #RECURS / triangular area. DET =Percent determinism = #recurrent points forming upward diagonal lines /

#RECURS Recurrence plots help revealing phase transitions and instationarities. Visible

rectangular block structures with a higher density of points in the recurrence plot indicate phase transitions within the signal.

Basic structures

Figure shows a combined analysis of American poems (AMP), Italian poems (ITP), American transcriptions (AMS), and Italian transcriptions (ITS). Scaling of texts along a linear relationship between REC and DET ( r = 0.87, p < 0.001). This scaling suggests a possibility of using the position on the REC-DET plane as a simple numerical index of the relative complexity of a text.

RQA technique provides a reliable quantitative description of text sequences at the orthographic level in terms of structuring, and may be useful for a variety of linguistics-related studies. F. Orsucci, K. Walters, A. Giuliani, C. L.Webber, J. P. Zbilut, Int. J. Chaos Theory Applications. 42, 80 (1999).

Conversation

Results: Natural conversation

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Results: Clinical interview

1 23 4 5

6 7 89

10 11

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S2

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Tur n

Det

CLIN

Adult Attachment Interview,evolution sample AAI181

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AAI181

Series1

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Speech and rhythmic behaviour

Categorical Recurrence Analysis of Child Language

Rick Dale and Michael J. Spivey, Department of Psychology, Cornell University

Some conclusions on foundation semiotics

1. We were be able to detect determinism in mesoscopic dynamics (embedding 3-5). The unit involved is defined in linguistics as morpheme: a term which refers to the smallest component of a word that: (a) contributes to the meaning, or grammatical function of the word to which it belongs, and (b) cannot itself be decomposed into smaller morphemes. A morpheme is composed by more than one phoneme (and by several letters, or informational micro-units).

2. Coupling and sync start at a meso level in a-conscious ways. This might be related to the effect of rhythmic and musical resonances, which are mostly active at this level.

3. Reflective function receives evidence and measures.4. Psycho-Chrono-biology and related hidden regulators.

Orsucci F, Giuliani A, Webber C, Zbilut J, Fonagy P and Mazza M, (2006) Combinatorics & synchronization in natural semiotics, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications – Elsevier 361.

Modeling Attractions

We are like wheels within wheels. Micro level: molecules and cells, Organs Bodies and minds World and bodies

Entrainment

of many wheels.

Perspectives: coevolution

Reflective cascading in syncPecora & Carroll

Network theory

6 degrees of separation

Fields & landscapes

MF: a global challenge ofco-evolution