www.ifpri.org/millionsfed A 2020 Vision initiative led by A 2020 Vision initiative led by The International Food Policy Research The International Food Policy Research Institute Institute with support from with support from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Slideshow about the IFPRI 2020 Vision initiative project, "Millions Fed" highlighting successes in agricultural development.
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www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
A 2020 Vision initiative led byA 2020 Vision initiative led byThe International Food Policy Research InstituteThe International Food Policy Research Institute
with support fromwith support fromThe Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Fighting a “Shifty Enemy”
The international collaboration to contain wheat rusts
1955–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: H. J. Dubin and John P. Brennan
Stem and leaf rust destroying wheat fields around the world
Global effort leveraging modern science to breed rust-resistant varieties
117 million hectares of land protected from wheat rust;food security for 60-120 million rural households
Jere
my
Hor
ner/
PA
NO
S
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Transforming Agriculture
The Green Revolution in Asia
1965–1985
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: Peter B. R. Hazell
Asia facing enormous food deficits and threat of famine in the 1950s
Breeding and dissemination of improved rice/wheat varieties, investment in irrigation and roads, and supportive policies
Doubling of cereal yields and output, 1970-95; per capita income increases by 190%; improved food security for 1.8 billion people
IRR
I
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Breeding an “Amaizing” Crop
Improved maize in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
1965–1990
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Melinda Smale and T. S. Jayne
Smallholders cultivating low-yielding maize varieties and other crops, and facing food insecurity
Breeding and disseminating improved maize varieties suited to local farming conditions and consumer preferences
Annual yields gains of 1-5%; improved maize accounts for 75% of land under cereal cultivation
CIM
MY
T
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Resisting Viruses and Bugs
Cassava in Sub-Saharan Africa
1971–1989
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: Felix Nweke
Spread of mosaic virus disease and mealybug pest generating major losses for cassava, a staple food crop
Breeding of disease-resistant cassava varieties, and introduction of a parasitic wasp to destroy mealybug
Breeding increased yields by 40%; pest control prevented yield losses of 2.5 tons/hectare; 29 million additional people fed
Deb
bie
DeV
oe/C
atho
lic R
elie
f Ser
vice
s
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Seeing the Forest Through the Trees
Community forestry in Nepal
1978–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Hemant Ojha, Lauren Persha, and Ashwini Chhatre
Population growth and narrow policy focus on forest “conservation” pressure forests
Policy reforms encourage community-based forest management and enterprise development
One-third of Nepal’s population (1.7 million rural households) directly managing over one-fourth of national forest area
Inte
rcoo
pera
tion
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Re-Greening the Sahel
Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger
1980–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Chris Reij, Gray Tappan, and Melinda Smale
Crop failure and soil erosion due to droughts (and poor agricultural management techniques)
Rediscovery and diffusion of traditional community-based agroforestry, water, and soil management practices
More than 5 million hectares transformed; 3 million additional people fed
Chr
is R
eij/V
U U
nive
rsity
Am
ster
dam
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Innovating in the Pampas
Zero-tillage soybean cultivation in Argentina
1989–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Eduardo Trigo, Eugenio Cap, Valeria Malach, and Federico Villarreal
Intensive agricultural production threatens soil fertility in the Pampas region
Improved soybean varieties and widespread adoption of zero-tillage cultivation practices
22 million hectares sustainably cultivated, contributing to low global prices; Argentina becomes a world leader in soybean production
Jim
Pic
kere
ll/W
orld
Ban
k
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Leaving the Plow Behind
Zero-tillage rice-wheat cultivation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains
1995–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: Olaf Erenstein
Stagnating productivity growth in rice-wheat systems due to soil degradation and rising costs
Introduction of new crop management techniques to conserve water and soil fertility and reduce costs
New techniques adopted by 620,000 farmers cultivating 1.8 million hectares; annual income gains of up to $340 per household
IRR
I
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Pumping up Production
Shallow tubewells and rice in Bangladesh
1989–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: Mahabub Hossain
Extreme population pressures on declining arable land and unpredictable monsoons, flooding, and drought
Reduction of import restrictions on irrigation equipment and dissemination of improved dry season rice (boro)
67% reduction in tubewell costs; doubling of rice production; 22 million additional people fed every year
IRR
I
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Pushing the Yield Frontier
Hybrid rice in China
1977-present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Jiming Li, Yeyun Xin, and Longping Yuan
Declines in arable land, rapid population growth, and rising food demand makes increasing rice production a priority
High-yielding hybrid rice developed and commercialized
Average yield increases of 15-31%; 63% of rice cultivation now under hybrids; 60 million additional people fed annually
Kei
th W
elle
r/U
SD
A
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Improving Crops for Arid Lands
Pearl millet and sorghum in India
Mid-1960s–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Carl E. Pray and Latha Nagarajan
Limited rainfall, irrigation and fertilizer in arid lands results in low cereal yields and output
Breeding improved millet and sorghum varieties and liberalization of seed market regulations
Increased yields, output, and incomes for 9 million households; improved varieties cover 80% of planted area
Am
anda
Kin
g/IF
PR
I
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Navigating through Reforms
Cotton reforms in Burkina Faso
1992–2006
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Jonathan Kaminsky, Derek Headey, and Tanguy Bernard
Gradual introduction of reforms: strengthening of farmers’ organizations, capacity building, and market liberalization
Tripling of cotton production; 235,000 agricultural jobs created; 1.8 million additional people food secure
Inefficient state management of cotton industry results in low returns to cotton farmers
Arn
e H
oel/
Wor
ld B
ank
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Unlocking the Market
Fertilizer and maize in Kenya
1990–2007
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Joshua Ariga and T.S. Jayne
Inefficient state management of maize and fertilizer markets limits returns to smallholders
Reduction in government’s role in markets, dissemination of improved varieties, and investment in rural infrastructure
33% increased use of fertilizer by small farmers between 1996-2007; 18% increase in maize yields
One
Acr
e F
und
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Counting on Beans Mungbean improvement in Asia
1980s–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Subramanyam Shanmugasundaram, J. D. H. Keatinge, and Jacqueline d'Arros Hughes
Protein- and iron-rich legumes neglected, despite contribution to diets and soil fertility
International research program with active farmer participation disseminating improved varieties suited to different agroecological conditions across Asia
Yield gains of 28-55% for 1.5 million farmers; 35% increase in Asian mungbean production
AV
RD
C-T
he W
orld
Veg
etab
le C
ente
r
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Conquering the Cattle Plague
The global effort to eradicate rinderpest
1950–2001
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Peter Roeder and Karl Rich
Highly contagious livestock disease killing 95% of the animals it infects as it spreads across Asia and Africa
Coordinated global effort to develop improved vaccine, surveillance systems, and protect livestock-based livelihoods
Only time an infectious disease has been eradicated since smallpox; 40 million poor livestock keepers benefitted
Pet
er R
oede
r
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Connecting the Milk Grid
Smallholder dairy in India
1970–1996
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: Kenda Cunningham
Dairy demand outpacing supply; smallholders unable to access national dairy markets
Creation of a national milk grid and organization of dairy cooperatives to improve production and marketing
India becomes a top global dairy producer; incomes double for 9 million direct beneficiaries, 73% of whom are landless farmers
ND
DB
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Farming the Aquatic Chicken
Improved tilapia in the Philippines
1988–1997
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: Sivan Yosef
Overuse and overexploitation of marine fish stocks endangers fish supplies
Selective breeding and wide distribution of genetically improved tilapia within the region
Production increases of 186%; lower prices for tilapia benefitting 19-23 million consumers
Wor
ldF
ish
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Crossing the River While Feeling the Rocks
Land-tenure reform in China
1978–1984
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Author: John W. Bruce and Zongmin Li
Widespread food shortages and low farm productivity after more than 30 years of collective agriculture
Policy reforms reintroducing household farming, returning more than 95% of farmland to 160 million rural households
1978-84: increase in grain production by 34%; increase in rural incomes by 137%; reduction in rural poverty by 22%
Qila
i She
n/P
AN
OS
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Exiting from Collective Agriculture
Land-tenure reform in Vietnam
1988–1993
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Michael Kirk and Nguyen Do Anh Tuan
Food insecurity resulting from low output under collective farming
Reforms that led to decollectivization, land-tenure security, and new economic incentives
Annual agricultural growth averaging 3.8% between 1986-2005; reduction in national poverty by 21%
Jere
my
Hor
ner/
PA
NO
S
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
Diversifying into Healthy Diets Homestead food production in Bangladesh
1990–present
• Challenge:
• Innovation:
• Impact:
Authors: Lora Iannotti, Kenda Cunningham, and Marie Ruel
Micronutrient deficiencies and poor diet quality, especially among women and children
Home gardening of micronutrient-rich vegetables, small livestock production, and nutrition education
Tripling of vegetable production among program participants; improved food security for 5 million people
Hel
en K
elle
r In
tern
atio
nal
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
A 2020 Vision initiative led byA 2020 Vision initiative led byThe International Food Policy Research InstituteThe International Food Policy Research Institute
with support fromwith support fromThe Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
www.ifpri.org/millionsfed
The case studies presented here are drawn The case studies presented here are drawn from the from the Millions Fed Millions Fed book (2009). To access book (2009). To access the book and other project resources, please the book and other project resources, please