MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOS FOR SHORT- RANGE WIRELESS NETWORKINGinlab.lab.asu.edu/nsf/files/Saikat.pdf · Broadcom Proprietary and Confidential. ... MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOS FOR SHORT-RANGE

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MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOS FOR SHORT-RANGE WIRELESS NETWORKING

Saikat Sarkar Manager, IC Design Engineering


Millimeter-wave radios

60 GHz WiGig radio for short-range wireless communication Phased array Examples Circuit techniques to improve performance

Interchip low-latency communication in 60 GHz radios

Summary

OVERVIEW


30 GHz to 300 GHz carrier frequencies

Presently used in many nonmilitary applications Cellular backhaul, imaging, automotive radar, and personal area networking

Free-space path loss is proportional to the square of carrier frequency: Major challenge for millimeter-wave wireless links 21.5 dB higher free-space path loss at 60 GHz compared to 5 GHz Wi-Fi, which equates to

~12X range reduction for equivalent radios

Focus on short-range personal area networking

MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOS


IEEE 802.11ad WiGig standard

Four channels from 57.32 GHz to 65.8 GHz

PHY rates up to 6.7 Gbps

Strong inclination towards CMOS for highest integration in smallest silicon area

Typical solution for higher path loss and declining device performance at higher frequencies: A phased array

60 GHZ WiGig RADIO

RX -61 dBm

TX 3 dBm

64 dB (0.6m) Single antenna

RX -73 dBm@each

chip port

TX 3 dBm

76 dB (2.3m) With 16 element RX array 10*log(16)

RX -73 dBm@each

chip port

TX 3 dBm

100 dB (37m) With 16 element TX/RX array 10*log(16) 20*log(16)

27 dBm EiRP

[1]


EXAMPLE 60 GHZ RADIOS

[1]

• 16 element TX and 16 element RX

• Flexibility in the placement of the baseband chip

• Coaxial link serving multiple purposes (slide 9)


Low power, small die and board area, and single-element TX/RX

Suitable for small range applications (for example, a wireless pad)

Easier implementation of throughput enchancement techniques in a single-die, single-element scenario For example: channel bonding


[2]


Direct conversion: Possibility of small area, low power consumption, and superior frequency response for channel bonding

Additional challenges Calibrations: LOFT, TX IQ Distribution of TX/RX gain Difficulty of dual-chip implementation and BIST using IF


[8]


Choice of suitable CMOS process

Power amplifier gain, bandwidth, output power, and efficiency improvement Neutralization, low-k transformers, power combining, and nonlinear operation

Low-noise amplifier gain, noise figure, bandwidth, and gain tunability improvement L-C-L matching networks, multi-gate switches for variable attenuators, cascode device with

interstage matching, and cascode gate inductance

Phase shifters for a multi-element phased array 360 degree phase shifters

Switch loss and linearity improvement Triple-well devices and new architectures

ESD protection for 60 GHz ports Typically using short stubs of baluns without ESD diodes

CIRCUIT TECHNIQUES


Applicable for dual-chip implementations.

Coaxial link provides control, DC, reference to RF chip, and bidirectional IF data.

Low-latency requirement is a must. Supporting on/off, AGC, and

beamforming timing requirements in the RF chip Digitally assisted for quick turn-on and

minimal residual power consumption

INTERCHIP LOW-LATENCY COMMUNICATION IN 60 GHZ RADIOS

[1]


SUMMARY

Applications of millimeter-wave radios: 60 GHz WiGig IEEE 802.11ad radio chosen for short-range networking example.

Different aspects and examples of 60 GHz radios: Link margin/phased array Various examples of published radios: Single-element and multi-element Dual-chip and single-chip Direct conversion and heterodyne

Few circuit-technique examples to improve performance of 60 GHz radios

Interchip low-latency communication in dual-chip 60 GHz radios.


REFERENCES

[1] M. Boers, S.Sarkar, et al., “A 16TX/16RX 60 GHz 802.11ad Chipset With Single Coaxial Interface and Polarization Diversity”, pp: 3031-3045, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 49. No. 12, Dec. 2014.

[2] S. Sarkar et al., “60 GHz Single-Chip 90nm CMOS Radio with Integrated Signal Processor”, IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Jun 2008, Atlanta, GA

[3] C.W.Byeon et. Al., “A 67-mW 10.7-Gb/s 60-GHz OOK CMOS Transceiver for Short-Range Wireless Communications”, pp: 3391-3401, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 61, no. 9, Sep. 2013.

[4] F. Shirinfar et al., “A Fully Integrated 22.6dBm mm-Wave PA in 40nm CMOS”, IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, Jun. 2013, Seattle, WA.

[5] D. Zhao et al., “A 60-GHz Dual-Mode Class AB Power Amplifier in 40-nm CMOS”, pp: 2323-2337, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 48, No. 10, Oct. 2013.

[6] T.Yao et al., “Algorithmic Design of CMOS LNAs and PAs for 60-GHz Radio’, pp: 1044-1057, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 42, No. 5, May 2007.

[7] S.Sarkar et al.. “A Single-Chip 25pJ/bit Multi-Gigabit 60GHz Receiver Module”, IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Jun 2007, Honolulu, HI.

[8] K. Okada et al., “A 64-QAM 60GHz CMOS Transceiver with 4-channel bonding”, IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference, Feb. 2014, San Francisco, CA.


Thank You!

MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOS FOR SHORT- RANGE WIRELESS NETWORKINGinlab.lab.asu.edu/nsf/files/Saikat.pdf · Broadcom Proprietary and Confidential. ... MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOS FOR SHORT-RANGE

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