Australian Studies: Migration About this presentation Indigenous Australians Sources of migration Convicts Free settlers
Australian Studies: Migration
About this presentation Indigenous Australians Sources of migration Convicts Free settlers
Australian Studies: Migration Where people came from
Indigenous people Ancestors arrived
40,000 to 50,000 years ago
Probably from Malay archipelago
Spread across the continent
Created more than 300 cultures
Australian Studies: Migration Which people came
Prisoners Free settlers Gold seekers Chinese Pacific Islanders from Europe after
World War II Vietnamese, Khmer Refugees Recent arrivals
Australian Studies: Migration Where people came from
United Kingdom, made up of…..
Scotland Ireland England Wales Cornwall
Note: Europe / Paris
Australian Studies: Migration Where people came from in…
…United Kingdom and Ireland
Scotland Northern Ireland Ireland England Wales Cornwall
Australian Studies: Migration Why people came to Australia from
…United Kingdom and Ireland
Poverty Famine Harsh laws Full gaols US war of
independence Australia recently
discovered
This is a prison ‘hulk’
Australian Studies: Migration Prison ‘Hulk’ in England
Australian Studies: Migration First settlers were prisoners
‘First Fleet’ contained convicts and guards
First Fleet arrived in Sydney in 1788
Long journey
Crowded conditions
Many died on the way
Australian Studies: Migration First fleet arrived in Sydney Cove
some 160 000 convicts were shipped to the Australian colonies
from early 1790s, free immigrants began coming
rapid growth of the wool industry in the 1820s created enormous demands for labour
increase in the migration of free people from the United Kingdom (UK).
industrialisation in Britain lead to many people emigrating to escape widespread poverty and unemployment
Australian Studies: Migration Other settlers followed
Australian Studies: Migration Gold Rush
During the Golden Rush from 1851 to 1860, migration peaked at arrivals of around 50 000 people a year
Australian Studies: Migration Gold Rush – Chinese immigrants
Chinese immigrants were the largest non-British group during this period
In 1852 there was 400 Chinese immigrants and three years later there was over 4,000
Approximately 2,000 of these immigrants are buried here, in Beechworth Cemetery.
Australian Studies: Migration Other waves of migrants
1840s: many Irish came to escape famine in their homeland
1860s to the late 19th c (century), labourers from Melanesia recruited to work on Queensland plantations
1860s to the 1920s, concerns about population imbalance, so…
deliberate efforts to attract women to Australia
Australian Studies: Migration Other waves of migrants
second half of the 19th c, Afghani, Pakistani and Turkish camel handlers worked on construction of telegraph and railway lines, and mining
Japanese fishers were instrumental in the pearling industry in the late nineteenth century.
Australian Studies: Migration Post-war migration
See separate slide show