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NSS Report No. 470: Migration in India, 1999-2000

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Report No. 470 (55/10/8)

Migration in India

1999-2000

NSS 55th ROUND (July 1999 – June 2000)

National Sample Survey Organisation Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation

Government of India

September 2001


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Preface

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out all-India household surveys on employment and unemployment with a large sample usually once in five years. The sixth such survey was conducted in the 55th round (July 1999 – June 2000). In this survey, data on migration particulars of the members of the sample households were collected as a part of the employment - unemployment schedule. Earlier, comprehensive data on migration were collected in NSS 38th (January- December 1983), 43rd (July 1987 - June 1988) and 49th (January – June 1993) rounds.

The report contains the results based on ten selected tables of the tabulation plan. It features the estimates pertaining to migration in India along with various characteristics associated with them. It contains four Chapters and an Appendix. Of these, Chapter 1 is introductory while Chapter 2 deals with the concepts and definitions of important terms used in the survey and which are relevant to this report. Chapter 4 deals with the summary findings on different aspects of migration. The Field Operations Division (FOD) of the Organisation conducted the fieldwork for the survey. The collected data were processed and tabulated by the Data Processing Division (DPD). The Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD) developed the survey design and prepared the report. I am grateful to the Chairman and members of the Governing Council and Heads of various Divisions of the NSSO and their colleagues for the contribution made in preparing the report. Comments/suggestions from the readers will be most welcome. New Delhi N.S. Sastry September, 2001 Director General & Chief Executive Officer

National Sample Survey Organisation


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Contents

Page no.

Highlights i List of Appendix Tables iii Chapter 1 Introduction

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Chapter 2 Concepts and Definitions

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Chapter 3 Sample Design and Estimation Procedure

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Chapter 4 Summary of Findings

17

Note A Explanatory note on detailed tables

N1

Appendix All India detailed tables

A1


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HIGHLIGHTS

• About 27 per cent of the Indian population were migrants. The proportion of migrants to the total population was higher (33 per cent) in urban areas than that (24 per cent) in the rural areas. The proportion was the lowest among rural males.

• About 77 per cent of the migrants in India were female. The female migrants

outnumbered their male counterparts in both rural and urban areas - more so in rural areas than in urban areas.

• Internal migrants represented about 99 per cent of the total migrants.

• Inter-district and inter-state movements were more frequent for migrants in urban areas

than those for migrants in rural areas. About 20 per cent of the migrants in urban areas and 6 per cent of the migrants in rural areas came from other states.

• Among the four types of rural-urban migration streams, the rural-to-rural migration

stream was dominant. It was also restricted to shorter distance movements as compared to other rural-urban migration streams.

• Adjoining states accounted for a large part of the inter-state migration.

• Among migrants in urban areas, more had migrated from rural areas than from urban

areas. In urban areas, among the migrants, about 59 per cent of the males and about 58 per cent of the females were from the rural areas.

• Among the male migrants, 30 per cent in rural areas and 52 per cent in urban areas

migrated due to reasons related to employment while among the female migrants, the corresponding proportions were only 1 per cent in rural areas and 3 per cent in urban areas.

• In the case of rural females, movements were mainly due to marriage (89 per cent) whereas for urban females, the two main reasons for migration were ‘marriage’ (59 per cent) and ‘movements of parents/ earning members’ (31 per cent).


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• Among the male migrants, about 57 per cent of the rural-to-urban movements were due to reasons related to employment.

• Proportion of persons who migrated for reasons related to employment was higher

among inter-migrants than that among migrants of any category in general.

• Proportion of migrants to the total population of the monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) class was, in general, higher for the higher MPCE classes.

• Both in rural and urban areas, the male migrants were mainly from the employed

category whereas the majority of the female migrants were from outside the labour force.

• A little over 1 per cent of the Indian population reported staying outside village/town for 60 days or more for employment/ better employment or in search of employment. This proportion was slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas and was higher among the males than among the females.


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List of Appendix Tables

table title page no. no.

M1 Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration

A-1

M2 Per 1000 distribution of population by migration status and period elapsed

since migration A-13

M3 Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration

A-19

M4 Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence

A-31

M5 Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual

activity category before migration A- 91

M6 Per thousand distribution of migrants by location of last usual place of residence for each household monthly per capita expenditure class

A-121

M7 Per thousand distribution of migrants by usual principal activity category after

migration for each usual activity category before migration A-151

M8 Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual principal work activity status and occupation after migration

A-181

M9 Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the

usual place of residence and who stayed away from villages/ towns for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment by educational standard (general) for each usual principal activity category

A-187

M10 Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from villages/ towns for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category

A-217


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Chapter 1

Introduction 1.0 The report in perspective 1.0.1 Movement is an integral part of human existence. A large number of movements like commuting to and from the place of work, travelling for business or pleasure etc. are of temporary nature while some other movements are relatively of permanent nature and involve a change of residence from one place to another place. These movements which result into the change of the place of residence of the individuals are treated as migration. Though social, cultural, political, personal and natural forces have a bearing on migration, viewing it as an economic phenomenon receive special attention. People may be motivated to change their place of residence because of lack of employment opportunities in the area where they are residing or in the hope of finding better opportunities elsewhere. In view of this, in the 55th round survey of NSSO, along with the employment and unemployment particulars, data on migration particulars of the members of the sample households were collected through the ‘employment - unemployment’ schedule (viz. schedule 10). 1.0.2 This report is based on the data on migration particulars obtained through the ‘employment - unemployment’ schedule of the 55th round survey (July 1999 – June 2000) of NSSO carried out in the central sample. Based on the data collected during the entire period, estimates pertaining to migration in India along with various characteristics associated with them have been presented in this report. 1.0.3 Based on the detailed information collected from the ‘central sample’ through the employment - unemployment schedule during the 55th round survey of NSSO, 8 reports were planned to be brought out. Seven reports have already been brought out and this is the last report in the series. The first report, viz. Report number 455, presented the key results on employment and unemployment in India, 1999-2000. The second report (report number: 458) dealt, in detail, with the employment-unemployment estimates measured in terms of the three basic approaches of usual status, current weekly status and current daily status and their patterns along with their correlates. It also covered some aspects of underemployment. The third report dealt with non-agricultural workers by various attributes with special emphasis on workers in the informal sector, i.e. those working in proprietary or partnership type of enterprises (Report no. 460). The fourth report (Report No. 462), discussed some features on employment and unemployment situation in cities and towns of India. The fifth one (Report no. 465), was based on the participation of women in household work and other specified household activities. The sixth report (report no. 468) dealt with the employment-unemployment estimates of the people belonging to different religions in India along with their correlates like educational attainment, expenditure levels, land cultivated, etc. The seventh report (report no. 469) dealt with the employment-unemployment estimates of the people belonging to different social groups in India. The present report, the last in the series, deals with the estimates pertaining to migration in India, social and economic profile of the migrants, reasons for migration, etc.


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1.1 Background 1.1.1 Sources of migration data: Census of India is the single largest source of data on migration characteristics for the people of India. Various surveys conducted by the NSSO are also the important sources of migration data. To assess the volume and structure of migration in India, starting with the 9th round (May-September, 1955), NSSO conducted a number of surveys to collect data on migration as part of its employment and unemployment enquiries. In the 9th, 11th and 12th rounds of surveys, migration particulars were collected for the labour force population only. From the 13th round onwards, more detailed information on migration has been collected. In the 18th round, survey on migration was conducted on a much larger scale. In the NSS 28th round survey on birth, death, morbidity and disability, migration particulars of the usual members of the sample households were also collected. In the 38th round, collection of migration data was integrated with the regular quinquennial survey on employment & unemployment. The same approach was followed during the 43rd round also. Prior to the 55 th round survey, data on migration was collected during the 49th round survey through the Schedule 1.2 which had a comprehensive coverage including, inter-alia, housing condition and Migration in India. 1.2 The present survey 1.2.1 An all- India survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India during the period July, 1999-June, 2000 was carried out as part of the 55th round of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). In this survey, information on various facets of employment and unemployment as well as on migration in India was collected through the employment-unemployment schedule (schedule 10). 1.2.2 In the present survey, information on migration particulars was collected for each household member of the sample household through the employment-unemployment schedule. From each of the sample migrants, information on reason for migration, period elapsed since migration, location of last usual place of residence, usual activity pursued at the time of migration etc. was collected. In this survey, to assess the short duration movements of the people of India, for each person who stayed in the sample village or town for at least 6 months, it was ascertained whether during last 365 days preceding the date of survey he/she stayed away from the village/town for 60 days or more either for employment or better employment or in search of employment. 1.2.3 A sub-set of sample households within the survey period were revisited after a gap of three months and an abridged form of schedule 10, viz. schedule 10.1, comprising the main items of enquiry of schedule 10 including that of migration was canvassed for these households. Further, departing from the past practice of canvassing schedule 10 and schedule 1.0 (household consumer expenditure) on the same set of households, in this round, these two schedules of enquiry were canvassed in two separate sets of households. 1.2.4 Geographical Coverage: The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Ladakh & Kargil districts of Jammu and Kashmir, (ii) 768 interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of the bus route and (iii) 172 villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. A few other areas of Jammu & Kashmir were also excluded from the survey coverage owing to unfavourable field conditions.


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1.2.5 Method of data collection: The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households. The sample design on the basis of which such selection was made is stated in brief in the following sub-section. 1.2.6 Period of survey and work programme: The fieldwork of 55th round of NSSO started from 1st July, 1999 and continued till 30th June, 2000. As usual, the survey period of this round was divided into four sub-rounds, each with a duration of three months, the 1st sub-round period ranging from July to September,1999, the 2nd sub-round period from October to December 1999 and so on. An equal number of sample FSU’s was allotted for survey in each of these four sub-rounds. 1.2.7 Sampling design 1.2.7.1 An outline of the sampling design : The sampling design adopted for the survey was essentially a stratified multi-stage one for both rural and urban areas. The first stage units (FSUs) were villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) for rural areas and NSS Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks for urban areas. The ultimate stage units (USUs) were households. The procedure for selection of fsus/usus are given in detail in chapter 3 of this report. Large FSUs were subdivided into hamlet-groups (rural)/sub-blocks (urban). Details of the formation of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks and procedure of selection of households are also given in chapter 3. 1.2.7.2 Sampling Frame for FSUs: The list of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) as per 1991 Census and latest lists of UFS blocks of NSSO were respectively used fo r selection of rural and urban sample FSUs. For selection of sample villages from the State of Jammu & Kashmir, the list of villages as per 1981 Census was used as the sampling frame. Moreover, all the uninhabited villages of the country as per 1991 Census, interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of a bus route and inaccessible villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands were left out of the survey coverage of the NSS 55th round. 1.2.7.3 Sample Size – first stage units: A total number of 10,384 FS Us (6,208 villages and 4,176 urban blocks) was selected for survey in the central sample at the all- India level in the 55th round for canvassing schedule 10. Sample size for the whole round for each State/UT x Sector (i.e. rural/urban) was allocated equally among the 4 sub-rounds. Sample FSUs for each sub-round were selected afresh in the form of 2 independent sub-samples. Thus, there were 8 such sub-samples. In addition, 3894 FSUs – 1298 in each of the sub-rounds 2, 3 and 4, corresponding to sub-samples 1, 3 and 5 - were re-visited for canvassing schedule 10.1. 1.2.7.4 Sample size – second stage units: For schedule 10, in each of the eight sub-samples, from each selected village in rural areas and from each selected urban block in urban areas, a sample of 12 households were surveyed. Apart from this, in the 3 re-visited sub-samples, viz. sub-samples 1, 3 and 5, the abridged schedule 10, viz. schedule 10.1, was canvassed during the re-visit to the same set of households. In addition, in these re-visited sub-samples, from among the newly formed households found during the re-visit of a FSU, at most 1 household was surveyed from each of the two segments and only schedule 10 was canvassed in those households. In the central sample, 1,65,244 households were actually surveyed – 97,986 in rural areas and 67,258 in urban areas. As regards the actual number of persons surveyed, it was 5,09,779 in the rural sector and 3,09,234 in the urban sector.


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1.3 Contents of the Report 1.3.1 As stated earlier, this report deals with various estimates on migration characteristics along with their correlates as obtained from tables generated on data collected on relevant items for the entire round. Consequently, all discussions in this report are limited to only such items/concepts, based on which estimates have been generated. A detailed explanation of these are given in the next chapter entitled ‘Concepts and Definitions’. 1.3.2 This report contains four chapters, including the present introductory chapter, and appe ndix tables. Chapter 2 states in detail the concepts and definitions of only those terms used in the survey in connection with the various items covered in this report. While chapter 3 gives a fairly detailed description of the sample design and estimatio n procedure used for the survey, chapter 4 discusses the main findings of the survey relating to the migration profile in India. The detailed tables based on which this report is brought out are presented in the Appendix. Appendix of the report contains 10 tables viz. M1 to M10. 1.3.3 All the estimates presented in this report are based on Central sample data only. The cell-level figures in any of the detailed tables, when added up, may not exactly equal the figure shown against the ‘total’ column (or line) due to (i) rounding off and/or (ii) presence of non-response cases. It may be noted that the estimates of aggregates given in the detailed tables helps to combine the rates/ ratios. The survey estimates of the ratios or rates may be applied to the census projected population as on 01.01.2000, the mid-point of the 55th round survey period (July, 1999 – June, 2000) to arrive at the absolute number in any category.


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Chapter 2

Concepts and Definitions 2.0 The concepts and definitions of some important terms used in the survey and which are relevant to this report viz., those used to generate the tables and various estimates on migration are explained in the following paragraphs. 2.1 Household: A group of persons who normally lived together and took food from a common kitchen constituted a household. The adverb “normally” means that temporary visitors were excluded but temporary stay-aways were included. Thus a child residing in a hostel for studies was excluded from the household of his/her parents, but a resident employee or a resident domestic servant or paying guest (but not just a tenant in the house) was included in the employer’s/host’s household. “Living together” was given more importance than “sharing food from a common kitchen” in drawing the boundaries of a household in case the two criteria were in conflict. However, in the special case of a person taking food with his family but sleeping elsewhere (say, in a shop or a different house) due to space shortage, the household formed by such a person’s family members was taken to include the person also. Each inmate of a hotel, mess, boarding- lodging house, hostel, etc., was considered to be a single-member household except that a family living in a hotel (say) was considered one household only. The same principle was applicable for the residential staff of such establishments. 2.2 Economic activity: Any activity resulting in production of goods and services that add value to national product was considered as an economic activity. Such activities included produc tion of all goods and services for market (market activities), i.e. production for pays or profit, and, the production of primary commodities for own consumption and own account production of fixed assets, among the non-market activities. 2.3 Activity status: It is the activity situation in which a person was found during a reference period with regard to the person's participation in economic and non-economic activities. According to this, a person could be in one or a combination of the following three broad activity statuses during a reference period:

(i) working or being engaged in economic activity (work) as defined above, (ii) being not engaged in economic activity (work) but either making tangible efforts to seek

'work' or being available for 'work' if the 'work' is available and (iii) being not engaged in any economic activity (work) and also not available for 'work'.


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Broad activity statuses mentioned in (i) and (ii) above are associated with 'being in labour force' and the last with 'not being in the labour force'. Within the labour force, broad activity status (i) and (ii) were associated with 'employment' and ‘unemployment’, respectively. 2.4 Usual principal activity status: 2.4.1 The usual activity status relates to the activity status of a person during the reference period of 365 days preceding the date of survey. The activity status on which a person spent relatively longer time (i.e. major time criterion) during the 365 days preceding the date of survey was considered as the usual principal activity status of the person. To determine the broad usual principal activity status of a person, he/she was first categorised as belonging to the labour force or not during the reference period on the basis of major time criterion. Persons thus adjudged as not belonging to the labour force were assigned the broad activity status 'neither working nor available for work'. For persons belonging to the labour force, the broad activity status of either 'working' or ‘not working but seeking and/or available for work’ was ascertained based on the same criterion viz. relatively longer time spent in accordance with either of the two broad statuses within the labour force during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. 2.4.2 Each of the three broad activity statuses mentioned above was further sub-divided into several detailed activity categories. Within the broad activity status, the detailed activity status of a person pursuing more than one such activity was determined on the basis of the relatively longer time spent on such activities. The detailed usual principal activity categories used in the survey (along with the codes assigned to them as indicated in brackets) are stated below: (1) working or being engaged in economic activities (employed ):

(a) worked in household enterprise (self-employed) as own account worker (11); (b) worked in household enterprise (self-employed) as employer (12); (c) worked as helper in household enterprises (unpaid family worker) (21); (d) worked as regular salaried/wage employee (31); (e) worked as casual wage labour (i) in public works (41), (ii) in other types of work (51);

(2) not engaged in work but seeking and/or available for work (unemployed) (81)

(3) not engaged in work and also not available for work (not in labour force):

(a) attended educational institutions (91); (b) attended domestic duties only (92); (c) attended domestic duties and was also engaged in free collection of goods (vegetables,

roots, firewood, cattle-feed, etc.) sewing, tailoring, weaving, etc. for household use (93); (d) rentiers, pensioners, remittance recipients, etc. (94); (e) not able to work due to disability (95); (f) beggars, prostitutes (96); and (g) others (97)


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2.4.3 Workers (or employed): Persons who were engaged in any economic activity during the major part of the year were treated as workers according to usual status. These persons were classified under the activity categories 11-51. 2.4.4 Seeking or available for work (or unemployed): Persons, who owing to lack of work, had not worked but either sought work through employment exchanges, intermediaries, friends or relatives or by making applications to prospective employers or expressed their willingness or availability for work under the prevailing conditions of work and remuneration, were considered as those who were ‘seeking or available for work’ (or unemployed). Unemployed persons were classified under the activity category 81. 2.4.5 Labour force: Persons, who, were either 'working' (or employed) or 'seeking or available for work' (or unemployed) constituted the labour force. Persons who were neither 'working' nor 'seeking or available for work' for various reasons during the reference period were considered as 'out of labour force'. 2.4.6 Self-employed: Persons who operated their own farm or non-farm enterprises or were engaged independently in a profession or trade on own-account or with one or a few partners were deemed to be self-employed in household enterprises. The essential feature of the self-employed is that they have autonomy (i.e., how, where and when to produce) and economic independence (i.e., market, scale of operation and money) for carrying out their operation. These persons were classified in the activity categories 11-21. Self-employed persons were categorised as follows: (i) own-account workers (11): those self-employed persons who operated their enterprises

on their own account or with one or a few partners and who, during the reference period, by and large, ran their enterprise without hiring any labour. They could, however, have had unpaid helpers to assist them in the activity of the enterprise;

(ii) Employers (12): those self-employed persons who worked on their own account or with one or a few partners and, who, by and large, ran their enterprise by hiring labour; and

(iii) helpers in household enterprise (21): those self-employed persons (mostly family

members) who were engaged in their household enterprises, working full or part time and did not receive any regular salary or wages in return for the work performed. They did not run the household enterprise on their own but assisted the related person living in the same household in running the household enterprise.

2.4.7 Regular salaried/wage employee: These were persons who worked in others’ farm or non-farm enterprises (both household and non-household) and, in return, received salary or wages on a regular basis (i.e. not on the basis of daily or periodic renewal of work contract). This category included not only persons getting time wage but also persons receiving piece wage or salary and paid apprentices, both full time and part-time. 2.4.8 Casual wage labour: A person who was casually engaged in others’ farm or non-farm enterprises (both household and non-household) and, in return, received wages according to the terms of the daily or periodic work contract, was a casual wage labour.


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2.5 Industry-occupation: The description of the industry-occupation was relevant to the type of economic activity pursued by the person. NIC-1998 was followed for classifying industries and NCO-1968 was followed for classifying occupations. In case two or more industry-occupation combinations corresponding to the status code were reported by a person, the principal industry-occupation was taken as the one in which relatively more time was spent during the reference period by the person. 2.6 Usual place of residence (upr): In this survey, usual place of residence (upr) of a person was defined as a place (village/town) where the person had stayed continuously for a period of six months or more. 2.7 Migrant: A member of the sample household was treated as a migrant if he/she had stayed continuously for at least six months or more in a place (village/town) other than the village/town where he/she was enumerated. The village/town where the person had stayed continuously for at least six months or more prior to moving to the place of enumeration (village/town) was referred to as the ‘last us ual place of residence’ of that migrated person. Shifting of residence within village/town was not considered as an event of migration. 2.8 Period since leaving the last usual place of residence: The period elapsed since leaving the last usual place of residence till the date of survey (i.e. period elapsed since migration) was recorded in completed number of years i.e. part of any year was ignored to get the period since leaving the last usual place of residence. Periods of temporary stay (less than 6 months) in other places after leaving the last usual place of residence were also included for determining period since migrated. 2.9 Location of last usual place of residence: The location of last usual place of residence of the migrants was recorded in terms of 7 categories viz.

(i) located in rural areas of same district, (ii) located in urban areas of same district, (iii) located in rural areas of another district of same state, (iv) located in urban areas of another district of the same state, (v) located in rural areas of another state, (vi) located in urban areas of another state and (vii) located in another country.

2.10 Reason for leaving last usual place of residence: Reasons for leaving the last usual place of residence (i.e. reasons for migration) were recorder in terms of 13 categories. These were

(i) in search of employment, (ii) in search of better employment, (iii) to take up employment/ better employment, (iv) transfer of service/contract, (v) proximity to place of work, (vi) studies, (vii) acquisition of own house/flat, (viii)housing problem, (ix)social/ political problem, (x) health, (xi)marriage, (xii) migration of parent/earning member and (xiii) others.


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Chapter 3

Sample Design and Estimation Procedure

3.1 Sample Design 3.1.1 A stratified multi-stage sampling design for rural as well as urban areas was adopted for selection of the sample units for the survey. The first stage units (FSU) were the census villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) for rural areas and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks for urban areas. The ultimate stage units (USU) were the households for both rural and urban areas. 3.1.2 Selection of the first -stage units: The various steps involved before making the selection of the FSUs are discussed at length in the following few paragraphs before taking up the issue of selection of USUs within a FSU. 3.1.2.1 Sampling frame for the first stage units (FSU’s): For rural areas, the list of census villages as per 1991 population census (list of census villages as per 1981 Census for the State of Jammu & Kashmir) constituted the sampling frame for selection of sample FSUs for most of the states. For the rural areas of Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards was used as the sampling frame for selection of panchayat wards. For Nagaland, the list of villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constituted the sampling frame, whereas, the list of accessible villages constituted the sampling frame for Andaman & Nicobar Islands. All the uninhabited villages of the country as per 1991 Census were left out of the survey coverage of the NSS 55th round. For the urban areas, the latest lists of UFS blocks constituted the sampling frame for selection of sample FSUs. 3.1.2.2 Stratification of the first stage units in rural areas: From the list of villages of each State/ Union Territory (U.T.), initially, two special strata were formed by considering villages (a) with very small population and (b) with very high population. These are formally stated below:

Stratum 1: all FSU’s with population between 1 to 100, Stratum 2: FSU’s with population more than 15,000.

The above two strata were spread across a given state and were not confined to any particular administrative division within the state. Each of the above two strata was formed if at least 50 such FSU’s were there in the respective frames. Otherwise, these type of villages were included in the general strata as described below:

After formation of strata 1 and 2 (wherever applicable), the remaining villages of

the State/ U.T. were considered for formation of general strata. While forming general strata, efforts were made to treat each district with population less than 2 millions as a separate stratum. If limitation of sample size did not allow forming so many strata, smaller districts within a particular NSS region were merged to form a stratum. Each district with rural population of 2 millions or more as per 1991 Census (1.8 millions or more as per 1981 Census in case of Jammu & Kashmir) was as usual split into a number of strata.


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3.1.2.3 Stratification of the first stage units in urban areas: Within each NSS region, strata were formed by grouping towns on the basis of their population as per 1991 population census (1981 Census for the State of Jammu & Kashmir) following certain specifications which are stated below in a tabular form:

Stratum number

Composition of strata within a NSS region

1, 3, 5 * ‘hospital area’ (HA) / ‘industrial area’ (IA) / ‘bazaar area’ (BA) blocks taken together of each single city with a population of 10 lakhs or more (there could be a maximum of 3 such cities within an NSS Region)

2, 4, 6 * Other blocks of each single city with a population of 10 lakhs or more

7 HA or IA or BA blocks of all towns with population between 50,000 to

less than 10 lakhs 8 Other blocks of all towns with population between 50,000 to less than 10

lakhs

9 HA or IA or BA blocks of all towns with population less than 50,000

10 Other blocks of all towns with population less than 50,000 * Stratum numbers 3, 4, 5 & 6 remained void if there was only one city in an NSS region with a population of 10 lakhs or more.

It may be noted that if limitation of sample size did not allow forming so many strata, all blocks of stratum 7 were merged with those of stratum 8 and all blocks of stratum 9 were merged with those of stratum 10. 3.1.2.4 Allocation of FSU’s among Strata: At the all-India level, a total number of 10,384 FSU’s (6208 villages and 4176 urban blocks) was selected for survey in the central sample in the 55th round. The actual state/ U.T. level allocation of FSUs in both the rural and urban sector are given in Table A at the end of this Appendix. The sample size at the state/U.T. level was allocated as follows:

(a) in rural areas: state/ UT level rural sample size was allocated among the rural strata in proportion to population.

(b) in urban areas: state/ UT level urban sample size was first allocated among the

three classes of towns (i.e. 10 lakh +, 50000 to less than 10 lakhs and less than 50,000) in proportion to population. Then sample allocation for each of the three classes of towns, within an NSS region, was further allocated between two strata types consisting of - (i) HA/ IA/ BA blocks, and (ii) the rest in proportion to total number of FSU’s in the respective frames with double weightage given to the first category of blocks.

3.1.2.5 Sub-round wise allocation: Sample size for the whole round for each State/UT x Sector (i.e. rural/ urban) were allocated equally among the 4 sub-rounds. Stratum level allocations for both rural and urban areas of a sub-round were made in even numbers in order to facilitate selection of FSU’s in the form of 2 independent sub -samples. Sub-sample numbers were 1 & 2 for sub-round 1; 3 & 4 for sub-round 2; 5 & 6 for sub-round 3 and 7 & 8 for sub-round 4. One salient feature of the 55th round was the rotation sampling scheme, which was adopted for the


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first time in the NSS for the purpose of collection of employment-unemployment data from central sample only. Under this scheme, 1 sub-sample of the sampled first stage units (FSU’s) of each sub-round was revisited in the subsequent sub-round. From each such FSU, sample households visited in the previous sub-round for collecting data on employment-unemployment were revisited in the subsequent sub-round for collecting employment-unemployment details.

3.1.2.6 Selection of first-stage units: For each sub-round, sample first-stage units from each stratum were selected afresh in the form of 2 independent sub-samples by following circular systematic sampling with:

(a) probability proportional to population for all rural strata other than stratum 1, and

(b) equal probability for rural stratum 1 as well as for all urban strata. 3.1.3 Selection of Ultimate Stage Units within a FSU: The remaining paragraphs of this sub-section outline the various steps leading to the actual selection of USUs within a FSU. 3.1.3.1 Formation of hamlet -groups/ sub-blocks: In some cases, depending upon the approximate present population (P) and approximate total number of non-agricultural enterprises (E) of the villages/ blocks, the FSUs were further divided into a fixed number of hamlet groups/ sub-blocks, as per the rules stated below:

Value of P No. of hg’s/ sb’s formed in the FSU as per population

criterion

Value of E No. of hg’s/ sb’s formed in the FSU as

per enterprise criterion

(1) (2) (3) (4) Less than 1200 1 @ Less than 100 1 @

1200 – 1999 5 100 – 249 5 2000 – 2399 6 250 – 299 6 2400 – 2799 7 300 – 349 7 2800 – 3199 8 350 – 399 8

(and so on) (and so on) @ no. of hg’s/ sb’s = ‘1’ implies that the whole FSU was considered for listing.

It may be noted that for rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur and Doda districts of Jammu & Kashmir, number of hamlet groups formed in the village as per population criterion was: 1 for P < 600, 5 for P = 600 to 999, 6 for P = 1000 to 1199, 7 for P = 1200 to 1399, 8 for P = 1400 to 1599, and so on (procedure remaining unchanged as per enterprise criterion). Further, the higher of the two values obtained as per population and enterprise criteria was taken as the number (D) of hamlet-groups (hg)/ sub-blocks (sb) to be formed in the FSU. In cases where hg’s/ sb’s were formed in the sample FSU, the same was done by more or less equalizing the population of the different hgs/ sbs of the FSU. 3.1.3.2 Formation of Segments within FSU : The hg/ sb having maximum concentration of non-agricultural enterprises was selected with certainty for listing of households/ enterprises. This hamlet group/ sub-block was referred to as segment 1. From the remaining (D-1) hg’s/ sb’s of the FSU, 2 more hg’s/ sb’s were selected circular systematically and these 2 selected hg’s/ sb’s together were referred to as segment 2 for doing a combined listing of households. The listing of households was done only in segments 1 and 2 of the FSU. The FSUs not requiring hg/ sb formation were treated as segment 1 for the purpose of data collection and estimation.


18

3.1.3.3 Sampling frame of households: All households of segments 1 and 2 of the FSU were listed independently and this list of households of the segments 1 and 2 constituted the sampling frame for the purpose of selection of sample households from the corresponding segments.

3.1.3.4 Stratification of households: All the households listed in a segment (both rural & urban) were stratified into two second stage strata, viz. ‘affluent households’ which formed second stage stratum 1, and the rest which formed second stage stratum 2. In the rural sector, a household was classified as ‘affluent’ if the household owned certain items like motor car/ jeep, colour TV, telephone, etc. or owned land / livestock in excess of certain limits. In the urban sector, the households with MPCE (monthly per capita consumer expenditure) greater than certain limit for a given town/city were treated as ‘affluent’ households and were included in the frame of second stage stratum 1, and rest of the urban households were included in the frame of second stage stratum 2. 3.1.3.5 Selection of households: Sample households were selected from the respective frames by circular systematic sampling with equal probability. For the purpose of systematic sampling, households in the frame of second stage stratum 2 were arranged by means of livelihood x land possessed classes for rural samples and by means of livelihood x MPCE classes for urban samples. The number of households selected for survey on employment–unemployment from different segments x second stage stratum (within a FSU) are specified below:

segment Household allotment *

second stage stratum 1 2 total

(1) (2) (3) (4) FSU with hg/ sb formation:

1 1 3 4

2 1 7 8 FSU with no hg/ sb formation:

1 2 10 12

* The fsus of sub-sample 1, sub-sample 3 and sub-sample 5 were re-visited during sub-round 2, sub-round 3 and sub-round 4 respectively. In the fsus of these re-visit sub-samples, all the households where schedule 10 was previously canvassed (i.e. during the previous sub-round) were re-visited for canvassing schedule 10.1. However, in case such a household could not be surveyed during re-visit, it was substituted and schedule 10 was canvassed in the substituted household. Further, schedule 10 was also canvassed for those households, which were ‘casualty’ during, visit 1 but could be surveyed during the re-visit. From among the newly formed households found during the re-visit of a fsu (which constituted the second stage stratum 9), at most 1 household was surveyed from each of the 2 segments and schedule 10 only was canvassed for those households.


19

3.2 Estimation Procedure 3.2.1 This estimation procedure adopted in the 55th round for schedule 10 provides (a) estimates on quarterly/ sub-round basis, and (b) the estimate of error from the sub-sample replicates. Tabulated estimate for a quarter/ sub-round was obtained by combining the estimates of the corresponding sub-sample replicates. The estimation procedure adopted in the 55th round for schedule 10 is described below. 3.2.2 Notation: The notations used for estimation procedure are given below:

a = subscript for the a-th stratum r = subscript for the r-th sub-sample replicate ( r = 1,2,…,8) q = subscript for the q-th sub-round / quarter (q=1,2,3 & 4) f = subscript for the f- th sampled village/ block as First Stage Unit ( FSU ) s = subscript for the s-th segment of sampled village/ block ( s= 1 & 2) c = subscript for the c-th second stage stratum of households in the sampled village/

block (c= 1,2); for new households during revisit, c= 9. j = subscript for the j-th sampled household p = subscript for pooled estimate z= size used for selection of an FSU from the sampling frame Z = total of sizes in the sampling frame for the stratum n = number of sampled FSU surveyed within a stratum and a sub-sample replicate (including

zero cases and uninhabited cases but excluding casualty cases) and us ed for tabulation L = number of sub-sample replicates surveyed and used for tabulation D = number of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks formed in rural/ urban sampled FSU H = total number of households listed in the appropriate frame h = number of sampled households surveyed and used for tabulation from the frame y, x= value of characteristic y, x obtained in the sample

∃, ∃Y X = estimated value of characteristic y, x obtained from the sample. 3.2.3 Estimates of aggregates: If ∃Y be the estimate of aggregate of any characteristic y for a given stratum (a), and for a particular sub-round (q) and sub-sample replicate (r), the formula used for estimating a characteristic of household from a given 2nd stage stratum (c) is as specified below: For rural areas:

∑ ∑∑= ==

=n h

yBzn

ZY

f

fsc

j

fscj

s

fscf

c

1 1

2

1

1ˆ

where fsc

fscfsc

hH

B = , for segment 1 (s=1) andfsc

fscffsc

hHD

B ×−

=2

1 , for segment 2 (s=2).

For urban areas:


20

∑ ∑∑= ==

=n h

yBnZ

Yf

fsc

j

fscj

s

fscc

1 1

2

1

ˆ

where ,fsc

fscfsc

hH

B = , for segment 1 (s=1) andfsc

fscffsc

hHD

B ×−

=2

1 , for segment 2 (s=2).

These formulae are provided for the general case of FSU’s having 2 segments 1 & 2. For the FSU’s requiring no hg/ sb formation, the formula is identical to that given for segment 1 while the contribution from segment 2 is taken as zero.

Finally, the estimate of a characteristic y for a stratum (a), for a particular sub -round (q) and a sub-sample replicate (r) (which actually represented aqrY ) was obtained as ∑=

c

cYY ˆˆ .

The combined estimate for a particular stratum and a particular sub-round was computed as the average of sub-sample replicate estimates and is given below:

∑=

=L

r

aqraq YL

Y1

ˆ1ˆ

If qrY be the State/ UT/ Region level aggregate from the r-th sub-sample replicate and q-th sub-round, and qpY , the combined estimate of the aggregate based on the whole samp le, for a given sub-round/ quarter q, then:

∑=a

aqrqr YY ˆˆ based on sub-sample replicate group r,

and

∑=

=L

r

qrqp YL

Y1

ˆ1ˆ based on all sub-sample replicates.

3.2.4 Estimates of ratios: If X & Y be the State/ UT/ Region level aggregate estimate corresponding to variables x and y, then the estimate of ratio, in general, is given by

r

rr

XY

R ˆˆ

ˆ = based on sub-sample group r,

and

p

pp

XY

R ˆˆ

ˆ = based on the whole sample.

Estimates for the sub-round (/quarter) qrR and qpR was obtained by replacing rY and pY by qrY and qpY , respectively and rX and pX by qrX and qpX , respectively. 3.2.5 Treatment for casualty:


21

I) If Hfsc >0 but hrfsc=0 for a particular 2nd stage stratum of households in a FSU with no hamlet-group/ sub-block formation (ie. Df =1), it was a case of casualty and the value of n was reduced by 1. II) If Df > 1 and Hfs′c >0 but hfs′c=0 for s=1 (say, s′) and if it was not a case for the entire FSU, here n was not reduced by 1 and in this case [(Df-1)/2] x Hfsc was replaced by {Hfs′c + [(Df-1)/2] x Hfsc} in the formula for s=2. III) If Df > 1 and Hfs′c >0 but hfs′c=0 for s=2 (say, s′) and if it was not a case for the entire FSU, here n was not reduced by 1 and in this case, Hfsc was replaced by {Hfsc + [(Df-1)/2] x Hfs′c} in the formula for s=1. IV) If Hfsc >0 but hfsc=0 for a particular second stage stratum of households in both the segments (s=1 & 2) in an FSU, it was a case of casualty and the value of n was reduced by 1.


22

Table A: Number of villages/ blocks allotted and surveyed and number of persons surveyed in different states and union territories

Villages / blocks persons state/ut. allotted surveyed surveyed rural urban rural urban rural urban ( 1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Andhra Pradesh 432 320 432 320 30668 22712 Ar. Pradesh 80 24 74 21 5393 993 Assam 296 72 291 71 25875 4890 Bihar 624 192 611 190 54810 15635 Goa 16 24 16 24 1193 1634 Gujarat 208 232 208 232 17681 17936 Haryana 96 64 96 64 8858 5091 H. P. 144 80 140 80 10807 4703 Jammu Kashmir 208 128 131 84 10796 6744 Karnataka 232 208 232 208 19627 15232 Kerala 240 168 240 168 16815 12642 Madhya Pradesh 432 264 432 264 39359 22425 Maharashtra 352 440 352 440 28027 33233 Manipur 64 56 64 56 5441 4757 Meghalaya 80 32 80 32 6472 2282 Mizoram 40 72 39 72 2826 5571 Nagaland 40 24 40 24 3285 1559 Orissa 296 88 295 88 23277 6209 Punjab 184 160 184 160 16346 11509 Rajasthan 272 168 272 168 25828 13668 Sikkim 88 24 88 24 7111 1475 Tamil Nadu 352 360 352 360 23523 22961 Tripura 136 48 86 48 6435 3305 Uttar Pradesh 792 392 791 391 78391 34132 West Bengal 384 288 384 288 31813 19404 A & N Islands 24 16 24 16 2327 1061 Chandigarh 16 64 16 64 927 4387 D & N Haveli 16 8 16 8 1247 527 Daman & Diu 16 16 15 16 1095 1318 Delhi 16 96 16 96 1340 6768 Lakshadweep 8 16 7 16 455 2314 Pondicherry 24 32 24 32 1731 2157 all India 6208 4176 6048 4125 509779 309234


23

Chapter 4

Summary of findings 4.0. Introduction 4.0.1 The 55th round survey of NSSO was conducted in 6048 villages and 4125 urban blocks of India during July 1999-June 2000, in which, apart from collecting employment-unemployment particulars, certain information on socio-economic condition of sample households and demographic particulars like migration etc. pertaining to the surveyed individuals were also collected through the employment-unemployment schedule. Based on the data collected on migration through this schedule during the NSS 55th round survey, 10 detailed tables viz. M1 to M10 have been generated which are presented in the Appendix. Of these, four tables viz. M4, M6, M9 and M10 are based on schedule 10 while the remaining 6 tables are based on the re-visit schedule as well. The summary tables of this chapter have been compiled from these detailed tables. As the estimates based on small sample sizes are not likely to be significantly reliable, results for the states/union territories based on smaller sample sizes have not been presented. This report presents results for 15 major states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal with a more detailed picture at the all- India level. All-India estimates are based on data for all the states and union territories. 4.0.2 In this chapter, the main findings relating to the proportions and the distribution of the migrant population, social and the economic profile of the migrants, and the reason for their migration etc. have been presented. In some cases, a comparison with earlier survey results is also done at the all- India level. Proportions and distribution of persons ‘whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence (upr) and who stayed away from their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment/ better employment or in search of employment’ in relation to their social and economic background are also discussed here. These discussions have been mainly centered at the all- India level for 6 categories of persons viz. rural male, rural female, rural person, urban male, urban female and urban persons. Unless mentioned otherwise, hereafter, the phrase ‘categories of persons’ will refer to these 6 categories of persons. 4.0.3 The plan of this chapter is as follows. A section on the estimates of the migrants follows this introductory section. The next section deals with the migration rates for different categories of persons at the state and all-India level as also net-migration rates for major states. Section 3 deals with the distribution of the migrants by location of their last usual place of residence and rural-urban migration streams, inter-state migration for different categories of persons etc. while section 4 looks into the reasons for migration. The next section presents the role of socio-economic forces on migration and the last section (section 6) presents the proportions and distribution of persons whose ‘place of enumeration’ was the ‘usual place of residence’ and who ‘stayed away from their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment/ better employment or in search of employment’. Whenever tables are presented at the state level, those are placed at the end of this chapter.


24

4.1 Estimates of Migrants 4.1.1 The estimated number of migrants, considering all the periods of migration, are presented in table1. It is seen from table1 that more than 245 million people in India were migrants. This was about 27 per cent of the Indian population, the survey estimate of the total population in India being about 921 million. Of them, a majority - more than half of the total migrants - were in the category ‘rural females’. The survey results also show that, among the states, the maximum number of migrants were in Uttar Pradesh - about 45.6 million. Other states showing relatively larger number of migrants were Maharashtra (about 31.5 million), Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal (about 19.2 million each) and Madhya Pradesh (about 19.1 million).

Table 1: Sample and estimated number of migrants in the major states

major states estimated migrants(00) sample migrants rural urban all rural urban male female male female male female male female (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Andhra Pradesh 25815 92034 33395 41201 192445 1464 5542 3024 3876 Assam 2963 12026 1194 1769 17952 488 1751 368 425

Bihar 4385 108398 8154 18233 139170 370 7753 1012 2259 Gujarat 14951 75988 18895 32273 142107 677 4493 2041 3928 Haryana 4266 35700 10028 14837 64831 273 2327 783 1308

Karnataka 14861 75117 17646 25561 133185 893 4333 1838 2965 Kerala 19904 45341 9143 16119 90507 1691 3817 1582 2836 Madhya Pradesh 15390 126544 15326 34043 191303 1043 8665 1776 4439 Maharashtra 35559 137911 68102 73420 314992 1667 7249 5883 7079 Orissa 9868 57332 8783 11448 87431 908 4859 965 1247 Punjab 5716 36155 9272 16847 67990 699 4136 1404 2823 Rajasthan 12319 90339 14031 22727 139416 1041 6651 1647 3091 Tamil Nadu 21581 75406 28893 40135 166015 1413 4861 3055 4473 Uttar Pradesh 31279 312133 39345 72979 455736 1918 19212 3170 7264 West Bengal 18485 115301 23312 34902 192000 1135 6348 2715 4261 all - India 246541 1424548 314248 465474 2450811 19212 99767 36891 58169

4.2 Migration rates

4.2.1 Migration rates among different categories of persons 4.2.1.1 The ‘migration rate’ for any category of persons of a region (say, rural or urban, state

etc.) for a specified period of time since migration has been estimated by the number of persons of that category migrated in that region during the specified period of time per 1000 persons of that category in that region.


25

4.2.1.2 Table 2 presents the migration rates per 1000 persons of each category as obtained from the earlier surveys viz. 38th, 43rd, 49th and the present survey of NSSO. At the all- India level, considering all the migrants till the date of survey, the following features are observed from the table: (i) percentage of migrants to the total population was higher (33) in urban areas than that (24) in rural areas and (ii) in both rural and urban areas, females showed a higher propensity to migrate than males. Among females, about 43 per cent in rural areas and about 42 per cent in urban areas were migrants whereas only about 7 per cent of rural males and about 26 per cent of urban males reported themselves as migrants. Low migration rate among rural males indicates that males neither from rural areas nor from urban areas have the tendency to migrate to rural areas.

Table 2: Migration rates per 1000 of each category of persons in different NSS rounds all-India round category of persons (year) rural urban male female persons male female persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 55 (July 1999 –June 2000) 69 426 244 257 418 334 49 (Jan - June, 1993) 65 401 228 239 382 307 43 (July 1987 – June 88) 74 398 232 268 396 329 38 (Jan - Dec, 1983) 72 351 209 270 366 316

Note: source for the 38th and 43rd rounds: NSS report number 382, for 49th round: NSS report number 430 4.2.1.3 It is seen from the table 2 that, during the period 1983 to 2000, the percentage of male migrants to the total population remained almost constant – about 7 per cent - for rural areas and showed little variation - between 24 to 27 per cent - in urban areas. In the case of females, a rising trend is, however, noticeable in percentage of migrants to the total population over this period. For rural females, it increased steadily from 35 per cent in 1983 to about 43 per cent in 1999 – 2000, while for urban females the increase was from 37 per cent in 1983 to 42 per cent in 1999 – 2000. 4.2.2 Migration rates for different categories of persons at the state level 4.2.2.1 Table 3 (page 38) presents the migration rates per 1000 of each category of persons of the major states for different periods of migration. It is observed from table 3 that the migration rates for different durations of migration were noticeably higher among female population than that among male population in India both for rural and urban areas. Considering all the migrants, it is also observed that migration rates for females were higher than the males for all the major states and this feature was, in general, true for different periods of migration. It is seen from table 3 that, considering all the migrants, among the major states, the migration rate for rural males was the highest in Kerala (209) followed by Maharashtra (127) and for rural females, it was highest in Haryana (557) followed by Rajasthan (524) and Maharashtra (522). In urban areas, the migration rate for males was the highest in Maharashtra (368) followed by Haryana (341) and Andhra Pradesh (302). Among females in the urban areas, the migration rate was the highest in the state of Haryana (592) followed by Punjab (535) and Rajasthan (481). 4.2.2.2 It is observed from the table that the migration rates for the different periods of migration were more among persons in urban India than those in rural India. In the case of major states, the


26

migration rates for the different periods of migration were, in general, more among persons in urban areas than those in rural areas.

4.2.3 Inter-state migration and Net-migration rates in the major states 4.2.3.1 In the present survey no direct question was put to the informants regarding out-migration and thus the survey could not capture the out-migrants from India to other countries. For any state, estimate of net-migrants was obtained by the difference of in-migrants and out-migrants where in-migrants in the state were either from the other states in India or from other countries and out-migrants were those who reported themselves as migrants in other states in India with this state as their last usual place of residence. Number of net-migrants per 1000 persons of the state gives the net-migration rate for the state. 4.2.3.2 Net-migration rates: Table 4 presents, considering all the periods of migration, the net migration rates for the major states in India. Table 4 reveals that among the major states, in-migration was the highest in the state of Maharashtra (about 6.05 million) followed by Uttar Pradesh (about 3.87 million), West Bengal (about 2.9 million) and Haryana (about 2.37 million). The out-migration was the highest for the state of Uttar Pradesh (about 5.13 million) followed by Bihar (about 3.45 million) and Maharashtra (about 2.16 million). Among the major states a gain in in-migrants over out-migrants is noticed for most of the states excepting Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The table also shows that the net-migration rate was the highest for Haryana (79) followed by Maharashtra (44), West Bengal (27) and Punjab (25).

Table 4: Net migration rates for the major states major states in-

migrants (in ‘00)

out- migrants (in ‘00)

net- migrants (in ‘00)

net – migration

rate (per 1000) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Andhra Pradesh 11658 11059 599 1 Assam 1469 2578 -1109 -5 Bihar 5923 34483 -28560 -31 Gujarat 18569 9995 8574 19 Haryana 23674 8667 15007 79 Karnataka 14329 18482 -4053 -8 Kerala 10050 8498 1552 6 Madhya Pradesh 22817 15249 7568 10 Maharashtra 60462 21561 38901 44 Orissa 7352 5418 1934 6 Punjab 18138 12848 5290 25 Rajasthan 15288 18622 3334 7 Tamil Nadu 14487 15595 -1108 -2 Uttar Pradesh 38680 51320 -12640 -8 West Bengal 29002 9318 19684 27

4.2.3.3 Inter-state migration : Table 4.1 (page 41) presents the flow of inter-state migrants among the major states, considering in-migrants in those states from other states in India as well as from other countries also. It is seen from Table 4.1 that most of the states received a bulk of the inter-state migrants from the neighbouring states indicating that distance is one of the factors that influenced inter-state migratory movements.


27

4.2.3.4 In-migration from other countries : Table 4.1 shows that about 2.28 million migrants changed their usual place of residence in India from other countries of which about 42 per cent were from Bangladesh and 14 per cent each from Pakistan, Nepal and the Gulf countries. West Bengal (44 per cent), Tamil Nadu (12 per cent), Kerala (10 per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (8 per cent) received high proportion of in-migrants from countries outside India. 4.3 Migration streams and different categories of persons

. 4.3.1 Migrants in different categories of persons: Table 5 shows the percentage distribution of migrants and that of ‘all’ persons (i.e. considering both migrants and non-migrants) for different categories of persons at the all-India level. From the table, the following points are observed: (i) though about 75 per cent of Indian population lived in the rural areas, only 68 per cent of the migrants were in the rural areas, (ii) the lowest share of migrants was observed among the rural males (10 per cent) though rural males comprised about 38 per cent of the Indian population and (iii) about 77 per cent of the migrants were females. The female migrants outnumbered their male counterparts in both rural and urban areas - more so in rural areas than in urban areas.

Table 5: Percentage distribution of migrants and ‘all’ persons for each category of persons

category percentage percentage of distribution distribution persons of migrants of ‘all’ persons (1) (2) (3) rural male 10 38 rural female 58 37 rural person 68 75 urban male 13 13 urban female 19 12 urban person 32 25 all 100 100

4.3.2 Internal migration: In the present survey, information on the location of last usual place

of residence was collected from each of the sample migrants in terms of 7 categories specifying whether he/she was migrated from rural/ urban area, same district/other district, same state/ other state, other countries etc. It may be noted that migrants in any area may be (i) from within the state, (ii) from other states in India and (iii) from other countries. Total migrants considering the migration streams (i) and (ii) together constitute the volume of internal migrants. Table 6 presents, at the all-India level, per 1000 distribution of all migrants by location of their last usual place of residence for each of the 6 categories of persons. It is seen from table 6 that both in rural and urban areas about 99 per cent were internal migrants.

Table 6: Per 1000 distribution of migrants by location of last usual place of residence for each category of persons

all-India category last usual place of residence in of rural areas of urban areas of other all persons same state other same state other coun- (incl. same other states same other states tries n.r.)

district district district district


28

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural male 487 165 70 87 80 72 33 1000 rural female 706 183 36 36 23 10 5 1000 rural person 674 180 41 43 31 19 9 1000 urban male 212 222 158 127 174 88 16 1000 urban female 287 208 86 160 175 75 8 1000 urban person 257 214 115 147 175 80 11 1000

4.3.3 Rural – urban migration streams 4.3.3.1 Migrants by last residence in rural or urban areas: It is seen from table 6 that among the migrants in the rural areas, about 90 per cent migrated from the rural areas while only about 9 per cent from the urban areas. Among males migrated to rural areas, about 24 per cent were from the urban areas where as only 7 per cent of the females migrated to rural areas had their earlier place of residence in urban areas. Among the migrants in urban areas, both for males and females, more had migrated from rural areas than from the urban areas - about 59 per cent of the migrated males and 58 per cent of the migrated females. 4.3.3.2 Rural – urban migration streams over different periods of migration: Table 7 presents the distribution of internal migrants by four types of migration streams namely, rural-to-rural, rural-to-urban, urban-to-rural and urban-to-urban for the different periods of migration. It is seen from the table that among the four types of migration streams by rural-urban residence, the rural-to-rural migration was the most dominant one and it accounted for about 62 per cent of the total internal migrants. It is also noticed from the table that in the recent years, percentage share of internal migrants decreased for the rural-to-rural movement while that for each of rural- to-urban, urban-to-rural and urban-to-urban movements increased. Table 7: Percentage distribution of internal migrants by the four types of rural-urban migration

streams for different periods of migration all-India period of migration stream migration ( years)

rural to rural urban to rural rural to urban urban to urban all

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 0 47 14 22 17 100 1 - 4 52 9 21 18 100 5 - 9 57 7 21 15 100 10 & above 68 5 17 10 100 all 62 6 19 13 100 4.3.3.3 Migration in urban areas from rural areas over different periods of migration: After observing that migration in urban areas from both rural and urban areas increased in recent years, it would be of interest to see whether over the years any pattern is observed in the proportion of rural- to-urban and urban-to-urban migrants among migrants in urban areas. Table 7.1 shows, for different durations of migration, among migrants in urban areas (including the migrants from other countries also), the proportion migrated from rural areas. Table 7.1 reveals that among migrants in urban areas, the proportion migrating from rural areas decreased in recent years - both for males and females. Among the migrants in urban areas who migrated before 10 years,


29

about 62 per cent came from the rural areas while among those who migrated to urban areas within a year, only about 57 per cent changed their place of residence from rural areas. It may, therefore, be stated that migration in urban areas both from rural and urban areas increased over the years and this was more for urban-to-urban migration as compared to rural- to-urban migration.

Table 7.1: Number of persons migrated from rural areas per 1000 migrants in urban areas for different periods of migration

all-India period since migrated

category of persons

(years) male female person (1) (2) (3) (4) 0 567 563 565 1 – 4 530 520 525 5 – 9 574 566 570 10 & above 643 610 622 all 592 581 586

4.3.4 Inter-district and inter-state migration for different categories of persons 4.3.4.1 Table 8 presents for different categories of persons, the proportion migrated from the same district or from other districts, within the same state or from other states. Considering all the migrants up to the year 1999-2000, the survey results show that at the all- India level, inter-district and inter-state migration was relatively less frequent as compared to intra-district and intra-state migration among all categories of persons except among male migrants in urban areas for whom inter-district migration was most frequent. Intra-state and also the intra-district migration was more prominent among migrants in rural areas than among migrants in urban areas - it was most pronounced among female migrants in rural areas. 4.3.4.2 Table 8 shows that among migrants in rural areas, about 72 per cent changed their place of residence within the district, about 93 per cent within the state and about 6 per cent from other states in India. The corresponding proportions among migrants in urban areas were about 40 per cent, about 79 per cent and about 20 per cent, respectively.


30

Table 8: Number of persons migrated within district, state or from other states per 1000

migrants for different periods of migration all-India

migrated in rural areas migrated in urban areas period since within state from within state from migrated (years)

same district

different district

all other states

same district

different district

all other states

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) male

0 518 235 753 216 353 358 711 273 1 – 4 612 228 840 136 380 376 756 229 5 – 9 576 254 830 148 366 380 746 240 10 & above 555 255 810 134 298 422 720 258 all 574 245 819 142 339 396 735 246 female

0 690 222 912 83 429 370 799 191 1 – 4 722 210 932 63 434 388 822 172 5 – 9 733 212 945 50 449 383 832 160 10 & above 750 203 953 40 453 381 834 154 all 742 206 948 46 447 383 830 161 person

0 632 227 895 127 392 365 757 230 1 – 4 696 214 910 81 409 382 791 199 5 – 9 706 220 926 68 414 382 796 195 10 & above 730 208 938 49 397 395 792 191 all 717 211 928 60 404 389 793 195

4.3.4.3 It is seen from the table that among all the male migrants in rural areas, about 57 per cent changed their place of residence within the district and about 82 per cent within the state. Among females migrated in rural areas, the corresponding figures were about 74 per cent and about 95 per cent respectively. Among all the male migrants in urban areas, movements of about 34 per cent of them were restricted to the same district while for about 74 per cent of them, it was within the same state. Among females migrated in urban areas, the corresponding figures were about 45 per cent and 83 per cent respectively. Higher proportion of intra-district movement for females than males indicates that migratory movements for females were more restricted to the shorter distances than the males. 4.3.4.4 Table 8 also reveals that Inter-district and inter-state migrations both for males and females were more frequent for migrants in urban areas than those for migrants in rural areas. As per the survey results, inter-state migration accounted for about 25 per cent of the male migrants in urban areas but only 14 per cent of the male migrants in rural areas. The corresponding proportions for female migrants in rural and urban India were about 5 per cent and about 16 per cent respectively. It is also observed from Table 8 that, both for males and females, the proportion of migrants from other states had increased during recent years.


31

4.3.5 Inter-district and inter-state movement in rural-urban migration streams: Table 8.1 presents the distribution of internal migrants by intra-district, inter-district and inter-state movements for each of the rural-to-rural, rural-to-urban, urban-to-rural and urban-to-urban migration streams. It is seen from the table that as compared to the other components of rural-urban migration streams, the rural-to-rural movements were restricted to shorter distances. A majority of the rural- to-rural movements (95 per cent) was restricted to within the state of which a bulk (75 per cent) was within the same district while about 20 per cent of the movements for each of the rural-to-urban, urban-to-rural and urban-to-urban migration streams were between the states.

Table 8.1: Percentage distribution of internal migrants by intra-district, inter-district and inter-state movements for each component of rural-urban migration streams

all-India migration % distribution of migrants stream within state between all same different states district districts (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) rural-to-rural 75 20 5 100 rural-to-urban 44 36 20 100 urban-to-rural 47 33 20 100 urban-to-urban 37 43 20 100

4.3.6 Migrants in the major states by location of their last usual place of residence 4.3.6.1 Table 6.1 (page 42) presents, for different periods of migration, per 1000 distribution of the migrants in the major states by location of their last usual place of residence, for each category of persons. In urban areas, for most of the states more than 50 per cent of the migrants were from the rural areas and for some states this proportion was very high. Considering all the males migrated till the date of survey, among the major states, proportion migrating from rural areas to urban areas is seen to be very high in the states of Assam (70 per cent), Orissa (70 per cent) and Bihar (68 per cent). Among migrated females in urban areas, proportion migrating from rural areas was the highest in the state of Orissa (76 per cent) followed by Andhra Pradesh (66 per cent), Kerala (66 per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (61 per cent). 4.3.6.2 It is seen from table 6.1 that for most of the states, inter-state movement was higher among males migrated to urban areas as compared to the other categories of persons. It is also observed that in some states among the migrated males in urban areas, proportion migrating from other states was even more than half of the migrants. Inter-state movement among males migrated in urban areas was the highest for the state of Punjab (57 per cent) followed by Haryana (55 per cent) and Maharashtra (37 per cent).

4.3.7 Contribution of major states to the volume of internal migration: Table 9 (page 57)

shows, for each category of persons at the all-India level, the proportion of internal migrants who


32

migrated from rural or urban areas of the major states. The table is presented for all the migrants till the date of survey. It is seen from the table that about one- fifth of the internal migrants in rural areas was from the states of Uttar Pradesh. Other states with high contribution to the volume of internal migration in rural areas were Maharashtra (11 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (8 per cent) and West Bengal (8 per cent). In the case of migrants in urban areas, leading contributors towards migration, among the major states, were Uttar Pradesh (17 per cent), Maharashtra (13 per cent) and Andhra Pradesh (10 per cent) and Tamil Nadu (9 per cent). Uttar Pradesh was the state with highest contribution (18 per cent) to the male migrants in urban areas and to the female migrants of both rural and urban areas (22 per cent and 18 per cent respectively). The highest contributing state to male migrants in rural areas was Maharashtra (16 per cent).

4.4 Reason for migration 4.4.1 Reason for migration among different categories of persons: 4.4.1.1 Table 10 presents the distribution of the migrants by reason for migration corresponding to the different periods of migration. The table is presented for each category of persons at the all-India level. In the present survey, reason for migration was collected from the sample migrants in terms of 13 categories. Of these, the first 5 categories viz. in search of employment (01), in search of better employment (02), to take up employment/ better employment (03), transfer of service/contract (04) and proximity to the place of work (05) were directly related to employment and could be considered as economic factor for migration. The categories marriage (11) and movement of parents/earning members (12) were the two major social factors for migration. Other causes for migration were for pursuing studies (06), acquisition of house/flat (07), housing problem (08), social/political problem (09) and health (10) etc. 4.4.1.2 A look at the results presented in table 10 shows that the factors inducing bulk of the females to migrate were mostly quite different from those inducing males to migrate. Among the male migrants, 30 per cent in rural areas and 52 per cent in urban areas migrated due to the reasons relating to employment while among the female migrants, the corresponding proportions were only 1 per cent in rural areas and 3 per cent in urban areas. Among the rural males, the percentage of migrants due to this reason was almost the same over the different periods of migration but among the urban males, it decreased with decrease in time elapsed since migration. 4.4.1.3 In case of rural females, migration occurred mainly due to marriage (about 89 per cent) whereas for urban females, the two main reasons for migration were ‘marriage’ (59 per cent) and ‘movements of parents/earning members’ (31 per cent). For females of both rural and urban areas, the proportion of migrants due to ‘marriage’ decreased with decreasing period of time elapsed since migration and that due to ‘movement of parents/earning members’ showed a change in the reverse direction. 4.4.1.4 The survey results show that change of place of residence for the purpose of study increased in recent years for all the categories of persons. It was more pronounced for rural males - from 1 per cent among those who migrated before 10 years to 13 per cent among those who migrated within a year.

Table 10: Per 1000 distribution of migrants by reason for migration for different periods since migrated all-India periods since reason for migration migrated 01 02 03 04 05 s.t. 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all


33

( years) (01-05) (inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)

rural male

0 59 97 78 93 10 337 129 28 55 7 15 36 185 199 1000 1 - 4 61 94 61 75 10 301 110 34 47 22 11 50 270 147 1000 5- 9 61 106 61 57 11 296 43 45 40 39 8 82 296 145 1000 10 & above 69 112 68 46 11 306 6 42 25 56 9 138 248 163 1000 all 64 104 65 60 10 303 53 39 36 39 10 94 260 157 1000

rural female

0 11 7 6 10 2 36 27 7 17 4 6 661 178 50 1000 1 - 4 4 6 4 4 1 19 13 6 15 7 1 774 120 40 1000 5- 9 4 4 2 3 0 13 5 5 4 8 1 847 89 26 1000 10 & above 1 3 1 1 0 6 1 2 2 4 0 932 39 11 1000 all 2 4 2 2 0 10 4 3 4 5 1 888 63 19 1000

urban male

0 128 103 97 108 10 446 107 29 32 6 4 13 261 94 1000 1 - 4 126 143 74 108 8 459 123 55 31 10 3 10 247 56 1000 5- 9 136 154 87 99 13 489 51 42 20 17 4 16 315 40 1000 10 & above 217 170 105 73 9 574 23 33 18 17 3 21 267 41 1000 all 170 156 92 91 10 519 62 41 23 14 3 16 270 47 1000

urban female

0 12 4 11 10 0 37 59 14 15 7 6 355 439 61 1000 1 - 4 12 10 9 17 2 50 34 32 17 10 2 386 417 49 1000 5- 9 5 7 6 11 0 29 13 12 8 8 1 501 397 26 1000 10 & above 5 7 3 6 0 21 3 8 4 6 1 705 231 20 1000 all 7 8 5 9 1 30 13 14 8 7 1 585 310 29 1000

4.4.2 Reason for migration among different categories of persons in the major states: Table 10.1 (page 59) shows the distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each of the major states. The table is presented for different periods of migration. It is seen from the table that, among major states, of the males migrated in rural areas till the survey, proportion of migrants for employment reason was the highest in Haryana (40 per cent) followed Rajasthan (39 per cent), Maharashtra (39 per cent) and Punjab (37 per cent). In urban areas, proportion of males reported to have migrated in search of employment /better employment or for other reasons related to employment was the highest in the state of Punjab (62 per cent), followed by Assam (60 per cent), Maharashtra (59 per cent), Karnataka (57 per cent) and Gujarat (56 per cent). Among rural females, migration consequent to marriage was the highest in Bihar (98 per cent) followed by Uttar Pradesh (95 per cent), Rajasthan (93 per cent). In case of urban females, migration due to this reason was the highest in Bihar (76 per cent) followed by Punjab (73 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (70 per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (67 per cent). 4.4.3 Reason for migration separately for each of the rural-urban migration streams: 4.4.3.1 Table 11 shows, considering all the periods of migration, per 1000 distribution of the migrants by reason for migration for each of the four types of rural-urban migration streams, separately for males and females at the all - India level. It is seen from the table that among females in rural India, while in general, 89 per cent migrated consequent to marriage (sub –


34

section 4.4.1.3), there was a significant difference in this proportion between those migrating from rural areas (91 per cent) and those from urban areas (64 per cent). Among females migrated in urban areas, while as a whole about 59 per cent did so consequent to marriage, the corresponding proportions were about 61 per cent among those who migrated from rural areas and about 55 per cent among those who migrated from the urban areas itself. Migration among females due to ‘movement of parents / earning members’ was the highest for the urban - to - urban migration stream. Table 11: Per 1000 distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each of the rural - urban migration

streams all-India

male female reason for migration

rural to

rural

urban to

rural

rural to

urban

urban to

urban

rural to

rural

urban to

rural

rural to

urban

urban to

urban (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1.in search of employment 68 50 235 89 2 8 8 3 2. in search of better employment 118 82 195 99 4 8 11 3 3. to take up empl. or better empl. 68 69 86 94 1 6 4 5 4. transfer of service/contract 49 88 44 163 2 5 5 15 5. proximity to place of work 11 10 9 12 0 3 1 1 s.t.(1-5) 314 300 570 448 9 30 28 28

6. marriage 121 23 17 14 906 642 614 550 7. movement of parents/earn. memb. 268 225 244 315 51 215 292 337 s.t.(6-7) 389 248 260 329 956 858 906 887

8. studies 69 20 80 44 4 6 16 10 9. other reasons (incl. n.r.) 228 432 90 179 31 106 50 75 all 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

4.4.3.2 It is also seen from table 11 that among males, movement for employment reason was the highest for rural to urban movements - about 57 per cent of these movements were caused by reasons relating to employment. It is also observed from the table that change of place of residence for study purpose was higher among males migrated from the rural areas. 4.4.4 Reason for inter-state migration among different categories of persons 4.4.4.1 The survey results reveal that a significant portion of the migrants in urban areas were subject to movements from the other states - about 20 per cent of the migrants in urban India (reference: summary table 6). In some of the states, considering all the migrants till the date of survey, the extent of migration in urban areas from other states was even more than 30 percent of the migrants e.g. Haryana (47 per cent), Punjab (36 per cent) and Maharashtra (32 per cent) (reference: summary table 6.1, page 56). It would, therefore, be of interest to see the reasons behind such movements from the other states. Here, an attempt has been made to see the reasons for inter-state movements during the recent times (i.e. during the period 1- 4 years) by considering the sector (rural/urban) of origin and of destination together.

4.4.4.2 Table 12 (page 74) presents the distribution of the persons migrated from other states during the period 1- 4 years by reason for migration. It is seen from the table that, at the all-India level, during the period of migration 1 to 4 years, among the migrants in rural areas from the other states, about 18 to 19 per cent migrated for reasons directly related to employment whereas corresponding proportion for migrants, in general, in rural areas during the period 1 to 4 years was only 9 per cent (reference: summary table 10.1, page 63). Among all migrants in urban areas during the period 1 to 4 years, about 24 per cent migrated for reasons relating to employment (reference: summary Table 10.1, page 64) whereas the proportion of migrants for


35

reasons relating to employment among those who migrated from other states were much higher - 46 per cent of migrants from rural areas and 29 per cent among those who migrated from urban areas. 4.4.4.3 It may be observed from table 6.1 that, in urban areas of some of the states e.g. Haryana, Punjab and Maharashtra, a high proportion of movements from rural areas of other states were reported during the period 1 to 4 years. It was about 43 per cent in Haryana, about 39 per cent in Punjab and about 21 per cent in Maharashtra. It is seen from the table 12 that in all these 3 states, the main reasons behind such movements were linked to employment – about 71 per cent of migrants in urban Punjab migrated from rural areas of other states in search of employment /better employment etc., while for either Haryana or Maharashtra, the corresponding figure was about 47 per cent. 4.4.4.4 As observed from table 6.1, migration in urban areas from urban areas of other states, during the period of migration 1 to 4 years, was pronounced in the states of Madhya Pradesh (16 per cent), Punjab (13 per cent), Maharashtra (12 percent) and Karnataka (9 per cent). It is seen from table12 that about 27 to 30 per cent of the migrants from urban areas of other states reported to change their place of residence in urban areas of these states for reasons relating to employment. 4.4.5 Comparison between 49th round and 55th round:

Table 13: Per 1000 distribution of migrants by reason for migration in different NSS rounds all-India reason for migrated in rural areas migrated in urban areas migration male female male female 49th

rd. 55th

rd. 49th

rd. 55th

rd. 49th

rd. 55th

rd. 49th

rd. 55th

rd. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

1.in search of employment 52 64 5 2 86 170 13 7 2. in search of better employment 123 104 13 4 129 156 14 8 3. to take up empl. or better empl. 205 65 51 2 61 92 12 5 4. transfer of service/contract 81 60 13 2 122 91 6 9 5. proximity to place of work 16 10 1 0 17 10 4 1 s.t.(1-5) 477 303 83 10 415 519 49 30

6. marriage 23 94 616 888 9 16 317 585 7. movement of parents/earn. memb. 208 260 237 63 283 270 495 310 s.t.(6-7) 231 354 853 951 292 286 812 895

8. studies 41 53 11 4 180 62 70 13 9. other reasons (incl. n.r.) 251 290 53 35 113 133 69 62 all 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

4.4.5.1 As in the 49th round, reasons for migration in the 55th round survey were recoded in terms of 13 categories (12 specific and 1 residual). This code structure was different from the 38th and 43rd round. Table 13 presents the comparative feature of the distribution of the migrants by reasons for migration as obtained from the 49th round and the 55th round surveys of NSSO. It is seen from the table that, in both the surveys, the prominent reasons for the movement of the females were ‘marriage’ and ‘movement of parents/earning members’. As observed, in both the rounds, the most important reasons fo r the males for migrating to urban areas were linked to employment. In the case of males who migrated to rural areas, as compared to the other categories of persons, for a high proportion of migrants their movements were due to ‘other


36

reasons’ such as acquisition of house/flat, housing problem, health, social/political. This is observed in both the surveys. 4.5 Socio-economic forces and migration 4.5.1 Social dimension : Table 14 exhibits the number of migrants per 1000 persons of each social group. The table is presented separately for each category of persons considering migrants for all the durations. From the table, the general feature of migration for different categories of persons (i.e. higher migration rate among persons in urban areas than that among persons in the rural areas and higher migration rate among females than males) is observed for each of the social groups. The proportion of migrants to the total population of the social group was the highest for the social group ‘other’ - both in rural and urban areas.

Table 14: Number of migrants per 1000 persons of each social group for each category of persons all-India social category of persons group rural urban male female person male female person (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

scheduled tribe 56 357 204 282 411 345 scheduled caste 64 434 244 225 393 305 other backward class 65 428 242 237 417 323 other 81 443 259 276 426 347

all 69 426 244 257 418 334

4.5.2 Migrants classified by monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) class: 4.5.2.1 In the present survey on employment-unemployment, data on consumption expenditure was collected through a separate work sheet which was integrated with the employment-unemployment schedule. Table 15 presents, considering all the migrants of each category, the distribution of migrants by household MPCE class and the number of migrants per 1000 persons in different MPCE classes. 4.5.2.2 It is seen from the table that, for each category of persons, the migration rate was, in general, higher for the higher MPCE classes. In rural India as a whole, while about 24 per cent of the population were migrants, as high as 39 per cent of the persons belonging to the highest MPCE class (i.e. Rs. 950 & above) reported themselves as migrants. In urban India, whereas the percentage of migrants for the highest MPCE class (Rs. 1925 & above) was 46, it was 33 as a whole.

Table 15: Migration rates for different MPCE classes and Per 1000 distribution of migrants by household MPCE class

all-India mpce class per 1000 distribution migration rate ( Rs.) male female person male female person (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

rural

0 - 225 47 61 59 43 316 182 225 - 255 32 53 50 37 342 195


37

255 – 300 67 108 102 40 380 210 300 – 340 77 109 104 46 398 219 340 – 380 79 106 102 49 413 226 380 – 420 83 98 96 58 432 240 420 – 470 91 102 100 63 443 248 470 – 525 87 85 85 73 461 259 525 – 615 114 101 103 86 486 278 615 – 775 123 91 96 107 515 301 775 – 950 79 43 48 145 530 325 950 & above 122 44 55 233 570 390 all 1000 1000 1000 69 426 244

urban

0 – 300 30 63 50 105 321 215 300 – 350 30 55 45 130 356 243 350 – 425 62 98 84 134 373 261 425 – 500 85 110 100 197 399 295 500 – 575 84 103 95 211 409 307 575 – 665 98 103 101 239 412 321 665 – 775 108 103 105 278 453 360 775 – 915 109 91 98 307 436 367 915 – 1120 133 97 111 371 483 422 1120 – 1500 136 92 109 412 486 446 1500 – 1925 65 45 53 388 473 427 1925 & above 61 41 49 433 493 461 all 1000 1000 1000 257 418 334

4.5.2.3 The table also reveals that the proportion of migrants is more in the higher MPCE classes as compared to the population in those classes as a whole. In the rural areas, while about 42 per cent of the population (distribution of all persons by MPCE class, as obtained from Sch.10, has been provided in the summary table 22, page 37), in general, could spend more than Rs. 420/- per month per person, about 49 per cent of the migrants could spend more than that amount. In urban areas, about 43 per cent of the population could spend more than Rs. 665/- per month per person whereas 53 per cent of the migrants could spend more than that amount. This difference was reported to be more for males than for females - both in rural and urban areas. 4.5.3 Activity status and migration: Table 16 presents the distribution of the migrants, considering all the periods of migration, by their usual principal activity status before and after migration. The table shows that a majority of the male migrants, both in rural and urban areas, belonged to the labour force – about 66 per cent in rural areas and about 68 per cent in urban areas. Male migrants, both in rural and urban areas, were mainly from the employed category - about 52 per cent in rural and about 45 per cent in urban. The majority of the female migrants in both the sectors were from outside the labour force - about 80 per cent in rural and 91 per cent in urban. The table also reveals that among the migrants - males or females - the share of labour force (mainly the employed) had increased with migration. This was true in rural and urban areas both. The proportion of employed among the migrants increased by about 15 per cent in rural India and about 13 per cent in urban India as compared to their position before migration. This


38

increase was more pronounced among males migrated to urban areas (about 23 per cent) than in other categories of migrants. A substantial reduction in the proportion of unemployment due to migration was also reported among the male migrants in urban areas – from 10 per cent before migration to 2 per cent after migration.

Table 16: Per 1000 distribution of migrants by their usual principal activity status before and after migration for different categories of migrants

all-India usual principal category of migrants activity status male female person before

migration after

migration before

migration after

migration before

migration after

migration (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

rural

self-employed 158 283 84 181 95 196 regular employees 144 158 4 12 25 33 casual labour 219 222 105 153 122 163 worker 522 664 194 346 242 393

unemployed 37 19 2 3 7 5 not in labour force 441 317 804 651 751 602 all 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

urban

self-employed 165 210 30 60 84 120 regular employees 184 376 21 53 87 183 casual labour 103 90 34 38 62 59 worker 452 676 85 151 233 362

unemployed 99 19 5 7 43 12 not in labour force 449 305 911 842 725 625 all 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

4.6 Staying away from present usual place of residence for 60 days or more for employment

/better employment or in search of employment 4.6.1 Having noticed that a significant section of the Indian population migrated for reasons related to employment, one could take a look at the short duration movements of people in search of employment or for employment/ better employment. In the present survey, along with migration particulars, for each member of the sample household, it was first ascertained whether the place of enumeration (village/ block) was his/her present usual place of residence and if so, information were collected on his/her staying away from the place of enumeration for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment during last 365 days preceding the date of


39

survey. The period of staying away from the village/town for 60 days or more was considered irrespective of the continuity of stay or the change of the place of stay. 4.6.2 It is seen from the detailed table M9 of the Appendix that during 1999-2000 more than 98 per cent of the household members reported their place of enumeration as their usual place of residence. Table 17: Estimated number of persons whose place of enumeration was their usual place of residence

and who stayed away from their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment

major states estimated (00) sample rural urban all rural urban male female male female male female male female (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Andhra Pradesh 3106 2886 1578 1598 9168 144 120 100 88 Assam 1494 999 297 144 2934 117 74 26 12 Bihar 6071 1897 698 338 9004 337 106 68 34

Gujarat 3675 1940 249 153 6017 158 90 22 19 Haryana 1010 688 689 109 2496 46 34 15 6 Karnataka 2841 2505 764 539 6649 103 95 52 36

Kerala 2065 1531 677 519 4792 122 84 68 38 Madhya Pradesh 8103 5615 905 509 15132 369 254 98 55 Maharashtra 3897 2614 1876 791 9178 164 111 132 57

Orissa 2277 1065 177 40 3559 121 54 13 5 Punjab 1294 1127 587 356 3364 104 91 60 45 Rajasthan 2624 710 520 397 4251 133 40 62 43

Tamil Nadu 2169 1382 1079 618 5248 98 63 99 65 Uttar Pradesh 7815 3307 3781 2245 17148 302 133 162 97 West Bengal 4732 1837 683 583 7835 165 61 72 45

all- India 53921 30620 15003 9181 108725 2690 1554 1236 742 4.6.3 Table 17 presents, for each of the major states, the number of persons whose place of enumeration (village/town) was their usual place of residence and who stayed away from their place of enumeration for 60 days or more in search of employment or for employment/better employment. In this section, hereafter, these persons who stayed away from their villages/towns for 60 days or more for reasons relating to employment will be referred as ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’. The table reveals that, during the period 1999-2000, more than 10 million people in India had to stay outside their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment reasons. 4.6.4 Distribution of persons temporarily staying away for employment: Table 18 presents the number of ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ per 1000 persons of each


40

category and their distribution over these categories of persons. The survey results show that about 1 per cent of Indian population reported for staying outside village/town for 60 days or more for employment opportunities. This proportion was slightly more in rural areas than in urban areas and was more for males than for females. It is also seen from the table that among the ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’, more than three-fourths were in the rural areas and about 64 per cent of these persons were males.

Table18: Number of ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ per 1000

persons of each category and their distribution over these categories of persons all-India category percentage number of persons distribution per 1000 (1) (2) (3) rural male 50 15 rural female 28 9 rural person 78 12 urban male 14 12 urban female 8 8 urban person 22 10

4.6.5 ‘Persons temporarily staying away for employment’ by broad usual principal activity status: Table 19 presents the number of ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ per 1000 persons of different broad usual principal activity statuses for each category of persons. It is seen from the table that, for each category of persons, proportion of persons staying away from their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment was the highest in the 'unemployed' category - about 5 per cent in rural areas and about 2 per cent in urban areas - followed by that in the 'employed' category. It is also observed that, though some persons were categorised as ‘not in labour force’ by major time criteria, a few of them reported for staying away from their villages/towns in search of employment or for employment. Among the employed, a higher proportion of casual labour moved out of the village/town for employment/ better employment or in search of employment - it being higher for rural males (4 per cent) as compared to the other categories of persons.

Table 19: Number of persons whose place of enumeration was the upr and who stayed away from their villages/ towns for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment per 1000 persons of different usual activity status (ps) for each category of person

all-India usual principal category of persons activity status rural urban male female person male female person (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

self-employed 16 11 15 13 8 13 regular employees 19 8 17 15 10 14 casual labour 35 22 31 16 11 15 employed 23 16 21 14 10 13

unemployed 56 25 49 21 13 20


41

not in labour force 6 7 6 10 8 9 all 15 9 12 12 8 10

4.6.6 ‘Persons temporarily staying away for employment’ in different social groups: Table 20 gives, for each category of persons at all-India level, the number of persons staying away from their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment purpose per 1000 persons of different social groups. The table also presents the distribution of these persons over the different social groups. It is seen from the table that among persons staying away from their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment opportunity, more were from the social group ‘other back ward class’- about 33 per cent of such persons. The table also shows that number of persons staying away from their villages/towns for employment purpose per 1000 persons of the social group, was the highest in the social group ‘scheduled tribe’ in the rural areas. In the urban areas, this proportion was the highest among persons belonging to ‘other backward class’.

Table 20: Distribution of ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ by social group and the number of such persons per 1000 persons of different household social groups

all-India social distri- number per 1000 persons of the category group bution rural urban male female person male female person (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

scheduled tribe 17 30 20 25 10 7 8 scheduled caste 20 16 10 13 11 5 8 other backward class 33 13 7 10 17 12 15 other 29 13 7 10 10 7 9

all 100 15 9 12 12 8 10

4.6.7 ‘Persons temporarily staying away for employment’ by broad general education category: Table 21 presents, for different categories of persons in India, the distribution of ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ and that of ‘all’ persons by some broad general education category. It is seen from the table that, in rural areas, the proportion of persons staying away for 60 days or more from their usual place of residence for employment opportunity was higher in the two education categories ‘not literate’ and ‘secondary and above’ as compared to the proportion of persons belonging to these two education categories. This difference was more pronounced among rural females belonging to the education category ‘not literate’- while about 62 per cent of the rural females were not literate, about 70 per cent of the rural females belonging to the education category ‘not literate’ stayed outside village/town for employment purpose. However, in the urban areas, the proportion of persons staying outside their villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment opportunity was in almost commensurate with the proportion of persons in all the education categories.


42

Table 21: Per 1000 distribution of ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ and that of ‘all’ persons by broad general education catogory

all-India general category of persons education male female person catogory stayed all stayed all stayed all away away away (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

rural

not literate 440 412 697 615 533 511 literate and up to middle 419 468 248 335 357 403 secondary and above 137 117 48 50 105 83 all (incl. n.r.) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

urban

not literate 227 216 369 343 281 277 literate and up to middle 431 465 440 431 434 447 secondary and above 335 317 185 225 277 273 all (incl. n.r.) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Note: source for distribution of all persons by general education category is report no. 458, NSS 55 th round.

4.6.8 ‘Persons temporarily staying away for employment’ by MPCE class: 4.6.8.1 Table 22 gives the distribution of those persons who stayed away from their

villages/towns for 60 days or more for employment purpose and that of ‘all’ persons by household MPCE class. It is seen from the table that in the rural areas, both for males and females, the proportion of persons staying outside village/town for employment reason was higher in the lowest MPCE class (i.e. MPCE less than Rs. 225/-) and another middle MPCE class (viz. Rs. 340 to Rs. 380) than the proportions of such persons belonging to other MPCE classes. In the rural areas, about 13 per cent of the ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ were from the lowest MPCE class whereas another 12 per cent were from the MPCE class Rs. 340 to Rs. 380. In urban areas, about 20 per cent of the ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ were from one of the middle MPCE classes (viz. Rs. 500 to Rs. 575) which was much higher than the proportion of such persons in any other MPCE class, both for males and females.

Table 22: Per 1000 distribution of ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ and

that of ‘all’ persons by household MPCE class all-India mpce category of persons class male female person ( Rs.) stayed all stayed all stayed all away away away (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

rural

0 - 225 120 76 139 82 127 79 225 - 255 67 60 76 66 70 63 255 - 300 116 116 112 121 115 118 300 - 340 116 116 89 117 107 116 340 - 380 121 111 118 110 120 110


43

380 - 420 84 98 69 97 78 97 420 - 470 89 99 91 98 90 99 470 - 525 72 82 72 79 72 80 525 - 615 66 91 75 88 70 90 615 - 775 75 79 81 75 77 77 775 - 950 36 37 42 34 38 36 950 & above 37 36 35 33 36 34 all 1000 1000 999 1000 1000 1000

urban 0 - 300 58 72 62 82 60 77

300 - 350 49 60 55 64 51 62 350 - 425 69 104 71 110 69 107 425 - 500 93 111 78 115 87 113 500 - 575 193 102 209 105 199 103 575 - 665 68 105 68 104 68 105 665 - 775 99 100 109 95 103 98 775 - 915 84 91 86 87 84 89 915 - 1120 101 92 85 84 95 88 1120 - 1500 113 85 112 79 113 82 1500 - 1925 53 43 48 40 51 41 1925 & above 21 36 17 35 20 35 all 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Note: source for distribution of ‘all’ persons by mpce class is report number 458, NSS 55th round. 4.6.8.2 It is seen from the table that proportion of ‘persons temporarily staying away for

employment’ was higher among persons spending less in rural areas whereas in the urban areas, this proportion was higher among persons spending relatively more. In the rural areas, about 49 per cent of the population were below the MPCE Rs. 380/- while about 54 per cent of the ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ were below that per capita expenditure level. In the urban areas, while 43 per cent of the population could spend more than Rs. 665/- per capita per month, about 47 per cent of the ‘persons temporarily staying away for employment’ could spend that amount.

Table 3: Number of persons migrated per 1000 persons of each category

major states period since migrated (years) 0 1 - 4 5 - 9 10 & above all (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

rural male Andhra Pradesh 6 37 13 47 104 Assam 1 8 4 18 31 Bihar 1 3 2 4 10


44

Gujarat 9 32 21 25 87 Haryana 3 11 19 25 58 Karnataka 6 25 17 31 80 Kerala 9 52 45 103 209 Madhya Pradesh 4 13 8 22 47 Maharashtra 9 45 29 45 127 Orissa 3 27 12 27 68 Punjab 4 18 10 41 73 Rajasthan 4 17 11 32 64 Tamil Nadu 7 36 21 53 117 Uttar Pradesh 3 13 7 22 46 West Bengal 1 13 9 36 59 all - India 4 21 13 31 69

rural female Andhra Pradesh 12 67 58 221 358 Assam 4 28 21 84 137 Bihar 3 45 47 200 295 Gujarat 12 88 80 337 518 Haryana 15 79 83 379 557 Karnataka 8 81 68 271 427 Kerala 16 82 75 258 431 Madhya Pradesh 11 72 63 306 452 Maharashtra 13 92 70 346 522 Orissa 5 56 64 275 399 Punjab 9 67 76 367 520 Rajasthan 9 84 78 352 524 Tamil Nadu 11 71 64 258 405 Uttar Pradesh 11 74 70 346 501 West Bengal 5 70 66 261 402 all - India 9 70 64 283 426

Note: ‘all - India’ estimates are based on data for all the states and union territories Table 3: Number of persons migrated per 1000 persons of each category


rural persons Andhra Pradesh 9 52 35 133 230 Assam 2 18 12 49 81 Bihar 2 23 23 99 147 Gujarat 11 60 50 179 300 Haryana 9 43 49 191 292


45

Karnataka 7 53 42 151 253 Kerala 13 68 61 184 325 Madhya Pradesh 7 42 34 158 242 Maharashtra 11 68 49 192 320 Orissa 4 41 38 152 235 Punjab 6 42 42 198 288 Rajasthan 6 50 44 188 288 Tamil Nadu 9 53 42 155 260 Uttar Pradesh 7 43 38 179 267 West Bengal 3 41 37 146 227 all - India 7 45 38 154 244

urban male Andhra Pradesh 13 104 63 122 302 Assam 10 34 22 37 104 Bihar 3 45 32 52 133 Gujarat 11 76 49 122 258 Haryana 15 88 89 149 341 Karnataka 8 91 52 102 253 Kerala 19 99 46 108 272 Madhya Pradesh 7 53 36 82 178 Maharashtra 13 96 66 193 368 Orissa 12 89 53 143 296 Punjab 6 76 68 118 268 Rajasthan 13 77 55 103 247 Tamil Nadu 14 75 52 129 270 Uttar Pradesh 16 75 43 95 230 West Bengal 8 64 58 155 285 all - India 11 76 51 118 257

Table 3: Number of persons migrated per 1000 persons of each category


urban female Andhra Pradesh 20 104 83 186 394 Assam 7 55 42 71 175 Bihar 3 59 61 217 340 Gujarat 11 104 74 289 478 Haryana 26 140 110 316 592


46

Karnataka 12 114 67 203 396 Kerala 23 117 75 220 435 Madhya Pradesh 8 90 68 255 421 Maharashtra 13 96 84 253 445 Orissa 12 82 73 256 423 Punjab 10 87 94 344 535 Rajasthan 20 107 92 262 481 Tamil Nadu 17 96 77 201 391 Uttar Pradesh 15 100 79 282 477 West Bengal 8 101 91 270 470 all - India 13 94 76 235 418

urban person Andhra Pradesh 17 104 73 153 347 Assam 9 44 31 53 137 Bihar 3 52 46 128 229 Gujarat 11 89 61 202 363 Haryana 20 112 99 226 458 Karnataka 10 102 59 151 323 Kerala 21 108 61 166 357 Madhya Pradesh 7 71 51 165 294 Maharashtra 13 96 74 221 405 Orissa 12 85 62 197 357 Punjab 8 81 80 222 390 Rajasthan 16 91 72 177 356 Tamil Nadu 15 85 64 164 329 Uttar Pradesh 16 87 60 183 346 West Bengal 8 82 74 211 374 all – India 12 85 63 174 334


41

Table 4.1: Inter - state flow of migrants (in ’00) among the major states also considering the in-migrants from other countries

Andhra Assam Bihar Gujarat Har- Karna-taka

Kerala M.P. Maha-rastra

Orissa Punjab Rajas-than

Tamil Nadu U.P. WestBengal

all-India To state From state Pradesh yana taka rashtra than Nadu Bengal

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

Andhra Pradesh - 0 158 513 3 2944 241 530 3569 552 48 5 1521 278 308 11059

Assam 172 - 6 91 19 8 37 137 86 133 104 54 40 442 692 2578

Bihar 557 347 - 522 2608 51 50 1081 3389 2096 3389 548 66 9793 8313 34483

Gujarat 127 12 154 - 47 108 252 545 6047 339 69 1608 0 311 57 9995

Haryana 0 0 58 0 - 5 1 154 399 45 3015 1769 14 1835 30 8667

Karnataka 3364 0 22 46 16 - 1230 1044 8836 153 68 147 2117 177 135 18482

Kerala 404 0 8 90 164 2119 - 203 1698 2 11 79 3118 114 181 8498

Madhya Pradesh 182 0 22 613 139 42 111 - 5364 590 199 2671 77 4656 131 15249

Maharashtra 1610 13 15 6746 205 2695 691 3722 - 476 174 850 900 2385 240 21561

Orissa 689 1 414 7 69 56 264 1131 1008 - 47 73 32 70 1420 5418

Punjab 78 1 129 19 3277 201 111 65 400 171 - 2553 227 2543 337 12848

Rajasthan 614 82 106 2957 5043 261 174 1973 2965 49 907 - 408 2177 729 18622

Tamil Nnadu 1732 165 60 68 26 3783 2903 180 3751 45 11 35 - 127 873 15595

U.P. 511 47 1294 3339 7612 157 154 9202 16174 68 4954 2796 270 - 1996 51320

West Bengal 230 121 1130 122 19 132 20 785 1640 1563 238 366 258 2140 - 9318

all - India 11579 1289 5611 18098 23193 14045 7835 22734 59165 7076 16720 14894 11853 36933 19012 X

Bangladesh 0 62 13 0 0 0 0 14 0 192 0 0 33 284 8786 9596

Nepal 17 3 273 30 170 322 9 29 416 10 161 63 72 1056 309 3192

Pakistan 0 115 25 105 311 0 0 36 448 10 1064 159 0 192 646 3277

Sri Lanka 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1423 0 0 1437

Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 0 0 28 3 0 6 0 102 317

Gulf Countries 50 0 1 200 0 62 1953 0 125 0 152 172 219 97 0 3155

Other Asian Count. 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 25 3 0 0 851 0 125 1098

USA 12 0 0 23 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 118 0 155

Other countries 0 0 0 3 0 0 55 4 283 33 38 0 30 0 22 616

total in-migrants

from outside India 79 180 312 471 481 384 2215 83 1297 276 1418 394 2634 1747 9990 22843

all (including n.r.) 11658 1469 5923 18569 23674 14429 10050 22817 60462 7352 18138 15288 14487 38680 29002 X Note: For any state, ‘all-India’ figure in column 17 gives estimates for total out-migrants from that state to other states/uts in India and row ‘all-India’ give estimate of in-migrants in the state

considering those from all states/uts in India.


42

Table 6.1: Per 1000 distribution of migrants in major states by location of their last usual place of residence

period since migrated: 0 year major state last usual place of residence in rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.

same other states same other states tries n.r.) district district district district

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural male

Andhra Pradesh 608 167 5 104 57 35 24 1000 Assam 710 0 99 0 191 0 0 1000 Bihar 166 100 103 68 0 400 163 1000 Gujarat 399 306 0 100 147 31 16 1000 Haryana 76 4 206 61 0 649 4 1000 Karnataka 787 15 0 42 98 57 0 1000 Kerala 287 175 55 39 53 135 256 1000 Madhya Pradesh 488 116 210 35 20 130 0 1000 Maharashtra 292 183 168 190 129 37 0 1000 Orissa 350 29 90 161 90 281 0 1000 Punjab 241 176 428 15 54 47 40 1000 Rajasthan 523 31 0 309 29 109 0 1000 Tamil Nadu 301 40 5 116 281 206 51 1000 Uttar Pradesh 331 178 68 88 87 228 19 1000 West Bengal 390 1 0 210 0 361 0 1000 all - India 407 139 85 111 96 131 30 1000

rural female Andhra Pradesh 576 73 38 204 85 24 0 1000 Assam 787 194 0 19 0 0 0 1000 Bihar 618 318 0 25 39 0 0 1000 Gujarat 546 246 0 47 161 0 0 1000 Haryana 169 302 67 29 93 340 0 1000 Karnataka 829 89 8 19 0 55 0 1000 Kerala 579 120 7 78 105 59 52 1000 Madhya Pradesh 615 152 104 58 28 42 0 1000 Maharashtra 430 199 84 173 75 29 0 1000 Orissa 896 65 0 35 3 1 0 1000 Punjab 588 318 57 37 0 0 0 1000 Rajasthan 767 99 10 48 38 38 0 1000 Tamil Nadu 553 45 24 238 92 47 0 1000 Uttar Pradesh 649 258 43 25 16 6 3 1000 West Bengal 760 64 9 73 9 76 9 1000 all - India 605 171 44 85 51 39 4 1000

Note: ‘all - India’ estimates are based on data for all the states and union territories Table 6.1: Per 1000 distribution of migrants in major states by location of their

last usual place of residence period since migrated: 0 year

major state last usual place of residence in


43

rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural person


urban male Andhra Pradesh 256 174 49 177 271 67 6 1000 Assam 244 461 177 117 0 0 0 1000 Bihar 131 0 0 50 767 52 0 1000 Gujarat 281 126 106 155 261 71 0 1000 Haryana 393 6 468 0 16 95 0 1000 Karnataka 325 84 91 29 236 234 0 1000 Kerala 258 238 50 180 94 93 78 1000 Madhya Pradesh 377 125 57 84 254 90 12 1000 Maharashtra 106 86 361 138 118 186 4 1000 Orissa 477 268 0 117 108 28 0 1000 Punjab 23 16 526 89 255 91 0 1000 Rajasthan 122 97 82 67 378 233 22 1000 Tamil Nadu 152 184 142 208 207 98 8 1000 Uttar Pradesh 221 398 86 108 104 59 24 1000 West Bengal 251 125 140 333 53 82 17 1000 all - India 218 185 164 135 173 109 14 1000

Table 6.1: Per 1000 distribution of migrants in major states by location of their

last usual place of residence period since migrated: 0 year

major state last usual place of residence in rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.

same other states same other states tries n.r.)


44

district district district district (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

urban female


urban person Andhra Pradesh 330 165 30 232 200 39 5 1000

Assam 258 451 145 107 0 0 39 1000 Bihar 103 21 0 82 639 149 0 1000 Gujarat 331 137 82 157 232 61 0 1000 Haryana 281 161 419 15 37 79 0 1000 Karnataka 235 86 71 87 322 200 0 1000 Kerala 309 287 47 195 57 67 33 1000 Madhya Pradesh 279 146 65 167 217 93 23 1000 Maharashtra 145 107 319 140 126 160 2 1000 Orissa 446 226 33 123 142 31 0 1000 Punjab 86 147 331 131 181 122 2 1000 Rajasthan 238 113 62 54 356 168 9 1000 Tamil Nadu 195 178 87 191 264 81 4 1000 Uttar Pradesh 232 361 59 122 126 72 25 1000 West Bengal 310 144 104 307 53 55 26 1000 all - India 242 188 135 150 177 95 11 1000


45


last usual place of residence period since migrated: 1- 4 years

major states last usual place of residence in rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural male




46





(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural person


urban male Andhra Pradesh 306 237 32 140 228 52 2 1000

Assam 379 306 23 82 177 34 0 1000 Bihar 360 296 4 128 168 34 3 1000 Gujarat 178 126 170 248 172 101 4 1000 Haryana 137 50 553 62 73 116 8 1000 Karnataka 269 150 79 210 207 82 2 1000 Kerala 258 134 33 228 191 85 70 1000 Madhya Pradesh 179 159 117 129 229 185 0 1000 Maharashtra 160 140 235 111 228 109 15 1000 Orissa 255 326 45 172 132 38 4 1000 Punjab 73 81 594 31 88 128 4 1000 Rajasthan 297 151 67 78 324 81 1 1000 Tamil Nadu 173 208 25 199 302 67 24 1000 Uttar Pradesh 268 207 88 200 157 72 6 1000 West Bengal 123 124 128 336 202 61 25 1000 all - India 217 173 140 163 203 89 12 1000 Table 6.1: Per 1000 distribution of migrants in major states by location of their last usual place of residence

period since migrated: 1- 4 years


47



(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) urban female


urban person Andhra Pradesh 315 240 33 147 214 48 1 1000 Assam 374 263 13 97 202 46 0 1000 Bihar 337 253 7 155 178 59 1 1000 Gujarat 206 131 135 241 196 87 4 1000 Haryana 217 68 430 68 107 93 17 1000 Karnataka 244 148 94 214 203 94 1 1000 Kerala 366 125 30 238 127 77 34 1000 Madhya Pradesh 238 161 70 134 238 157 0 1000 Maharashtra 164 142 211 127 230 115 8 1000 Orissa 280 336 50 163 118 36 2 1000 Punjab 122 124 393 74 151 127 7 1000 Rajasthan 309 153 57 97 302 81 1 1000 Tamil Nadu 182 213 26 186 311 64 14 1000 Uttar Pradesh 269 225 63 213 161 64 3 1000 West Bengal 169 145 90 324 206 49 17 1000 all - India 235 177 113 174 205 86 7 1000


48





(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural male




49


period since migrated: 5- 9 years major staates last usual place of residence in rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural person


urban male





50



(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) urban female


urban person



last usual place of residence period since migrated: 10 years & above



51


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural male


rural female



period since migrated: 10 years & above major states last usual place of residence in rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural person


52


urban male Andhra Pradesh 428 259 33 97 141 40 1 1000



period since migrated: 10 years & above major states last usual place of residence in rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) urban female

Andhra Pradesh 483 201 30 109 125 52 0 1000 Assam 316 236 65 161 194 13 9 1000 Bihar 368 237 31 193 123 38 5 1000 Gujarat 275 250 104 150 148 70 3 1000


53

Haryana 142 224 146 101 161 206 19 1000 Karnataka 342 159 56 162 192 87 1 1000 Kerala 548 116 26 226 54 28 2 1000 Madhya Pradesh 340 195 85 132 158 90 1 1000 Maharashtra 197 244 194 108 166 84 6 1000 Orissa 450 310 57 83 69 14 3 1000 Punjab 216 205 110 153 203 96 16 1000 Rajasthan 369 171 67 147 157 87 2 1000 Tamil Nadu 229 290 32 149 240 38 18 1000 Uttar Pradesh 321 267 33 162 158 56 3 1000 West Bengal 242 159 79 251 160 37 65 1000 all - India 303 223 84 150 158 70 10 1000

urban person Andhra Pradesh 461 224 31 104 132 47 0 1000 Assam 316 213 81 167 182 19 13 1000 Bihar 367 262 32 165 133 33 5 1000 Gujarat 230 274 146 129 144 73 4 1000 Haryana 142 205 171 90 162 204 25 1000 Karnataka 303 174 71 137 209 102 2 1000 Kerala 500 125 34 227 69 36 9 1000 Madhya Pradesh 312 203 110 119 153 97 3 1000 Maharashtra 155 262 240 97 153 85 7 1000 Orissa 354 369 80 70 92 15 5 1000 Punjab 191 186 178 133 180 105 26 1000 Rajasthan 368 186 78 132 151 83 3 1000 Tamil Nadu 209 306 32 143 248 38 19 1000 Uttar Pradesh 300 290 43 140 153 66 5 1000 West Bengal 193 165 146 201 153 53 84 1000 all - India 267 239 116 130 156 75 14 1000


period since migrated: all major states last usual place of residence in rural areas of urban areas of other all same state other same state other coun- (incl.


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural male

Andhra Pradesh 628 179 21 99 49 21 2 1000 Assam 635 172 66 38 26 1 47 1000 Bihar 562 189 26 37 60 95 13 1000 Gujarat 400 120 166 175 89 35 14 1000 Haryana 153 314 184 16 68 251 13 1000 Karnataka 614 69 44 112 85 68 5 1000 Kerala 495 197 32 74 33 86 73 1000


54

Madhya Pradesh 610 193 68 57 26 46 0 1000 Maharashtra 459 185 63 110 141 39 2 1000 Orissa 519 127 62 53 84 144 10 1000 Punjab 257 158 271 35 58 86 129 1000 Rajasthan 494 133 103 100 71 82 18 1000 Tamil Nadu 431 175 23 126 140 50 43 1000 Uttar Pradesh 452 200 62 68 81 126 5 1000 West Bengal 466 119 58 36 61 51 201 1000 all - India 487 165 70 87 80 72 33 1000

rural female Andhra Pradesh 763 110 25 70 21 9 0 1000



last usual place of residence period since migrated: all



(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) rural person

Andhra Pradesh 732 126 24 77 27 12 0 1000 Assam 738 183 23 21 14 1 12 1000 Bihar 728 221 10 15 14 6 3 1000 Gujarat 662 156 48 80 43 8 3 1000 Haryana 276 443 153 20 33 71 2 1000 Karnataka 761 93 32 55 33 24 2 1000 Kerala 647 158 23 71 25 41 28 1000 Madhya Pradesh 722 168 57 23 18 11 1 1000 Maharashtra 628 188 43 67 60 12 0 1000


55

Orissa 776 123 31 18 22 26 2 1000 Punjab 489 266 113 42 38 26 23 1000 Rajasthan 714 155 50 35 23 20 3 1000 Tamil Nadu 610 167 25 85 69 22 17 1000 Uttar Pradesh 644 244 35 29 25 18 3 1000 West Bengal 767 91 29 22 24 11 52 1000 all - India 674 180 41 43 31 19 9 1000

urban male



last usual place of residence period since migrated: all



(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) urban female

Andhra Pradesh 410 219 31 135 157 47 0 1000 Assam 323 247 38 151 194 30 8 1000 Bihar 363 243 23 182 137 43 3 1000 Gujarat 260 215 100 177 171 69 7 1000 Haryana 170 170 230 84 142 186 16 1000 Karnataka 296 148 74 182 202 96 0 1000 Kerala 507 129 28 231 57 44 2 1000 Madhya Pradesh 317 182 71 139 186 103 1 1000 Maharashtra 189 212 189 118 191 93 5 1000 Orissa 398 304 55 103 106 22 2 1000 Punjab 201 181 138 151 209 105 13 1000 Rajasthan 341 174 63 132 198 91 1 1000


56

Tamil Nadu 233 252 30 162 259 48 11 1000 Uttar Pradesh 312 258 36 174 160 56 3 1000 West Bengal 231 160 71 279 172 39 46 1000 all - India 287 208 86 160 175 75 8 1000

urban person Andhra Pradesh 392 235 32 126 166 46 1 1000


Table 9: Per 1000 distribution of internal migrants by state and sector (rural/urban) of origin major states from sector from where migrated sector from where migrated where migrated rural urban all rural urban all (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) rural male urban male

Andhra Pradesh 91 19 110 72 37 109 Assam 12 1 13 3 3 6 Bihar 26 4 30 57 14 71 Gujarat 29 25 54 29 26 55 Haryana 9 4 13 10 7 17 Karnataka 48 18 66 32 28 60 Kerala 62 9 69 19 15 34 Madhya Pradesh 54 8 62 25 19 44 Maharashtra 110 51 161 78 66 144 Orissa 29 7 36 20 7 27 Punjab 18 7 25 8 10 18 Rajasthan 35 9 44 37 23 60 Tamil Nadu 59 28 87 51 47 98 Uttar Pradesh 96 23 119 127 44 171 West Bengal 50 13 63 26 30 56 all - India 750 249 1000 605 395 1000 rural female urban female

Andhra Pradesh 58 6 64 60 30 90 Assam 8 0 8 3 2 5 Bihar 78 2 80 40 16 56 Gujarat 46 6 52 37 28 65


57

Haryana 20 2 22 12 10 22 Karnataka 50 4 54 30 26 57 Kerala 28 3 31 24 14 38 Madhya Pradesh 84 4 88 42 28 70 Maharashtra 88 10 98 67 56 123 Orissa 39 1 40 18 6 24 Punjab 23 2 25 15 17 33 Rajasthan 60 3 63 32 21 54 Tamil Nadu 45 7 52 48 44 92 Uttar Pradesh 209 11 220 117 61 178 West Bengal 74 4 78 31 36 67 all - India 930 70 1000 587 413 1000 Note: ‘all- India’ estimates are based on data for all the states/ uts.


58

Table 9: Per 1000 distribution of internal migrants by state and sector (rural/urban) of origin major states from sector from where migrated sector from where migrated where migrated rural urban all rural urban all (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) rural person urban person

Andhra Pradesh 63 8 71 65 34 99 Assam 9 0 9 3 2 5 Bihar 64 3 67 47 15 62 Gujarat 44 9 53 34 28 62 Haryana 19 2 21 11 9 20 Karnataka 51 6 57 31 27 58 Kerala 32 4 36 22 14 36 Madhya Pradesh 80 4 84 35 26 61 Maharashtra 90 16 106 71 60 131 Orissa 38 2 40 19 7 26 Punjab 22 3 25 12 14 26 Rajasthan 57 4 61 35 21 56 Tamil Nadu 48 10 58 49 45 94 Uttar Pradesh 191 13 204 121 54 175 West Bengal 71 5 76 30 33 63 all - India 904 95 1000 595 405 1000


59

Table 10.1: Per 1000 distribution of migrants by reason for migration

period since migrated: 0 year major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

rural male

Andhra Pradesh 59 0 3 123 0 417 18 0 0 4 35 161 180 1000 Assam 238 21 2 19 0 400 0 0 99 191 29 0 0 1000 Bihar 86 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 178 61 88 487 1000 Gujarat 34 147 34 70 0 201 31 16 0 4 25 299 137 1000 Haryana 169 196 9 39 0 67 238 161 0 0 0 10 49 1000 Karnataka 57 266 110 4 0 144 0 0 13 0 57 269 79 1000 Kerala 22 110 22 109 47 0 54 110 4 69 13 116 323 1000 Madhya Pradesh 70 25 105 35 0 205 0 125 16 0 24 226 169 1000 Maharashtra 51 133 123 263 2 85 1 6 0 4 23 211 98 1000 Orissa 139 113 43 32 0 61 0 69 0 0 112 44 388 1000 Punjab 155 148 126 157 0 0 0 15 12 0 20 189 98 1000 Rajasthan 0 13 355 58 0 18 0 25 24 21 31 165 290 1000 Tamil Nadu 22 91 101 0 36 76 18 85 0 50 0 156 366 1000 Uttar Pradesh 80 94 22 64 0 61 74 148 0 0 61 159 239 1000 West Bengal 49 25 62 1 149 0 128 15 74 0 123 74 112 1000 all - India 59 97 78 93 10 129 28 55 7 15 36 185 199 1000

rural female

Andhra Pradesh 81 0 13 12 0 85 29 0 0 3 492 216 55 1000 Assam 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 881 50 46 1000 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 889 107 3 1000 Gujarat 0 12 0 1 0 60 0 0 0 0 608 221 99 1000 Haryana 0 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 715 222 0 1000 Karnataka 0 36 0 0 0 48 0 0 10 0 538 314 53 1000 Kerala 8 0 28 6 0 61 18 1 0 3 529 147 131 1000 Madhya Pradesh 0 15 23 12 0 42 0 40 4 0 684 124 51 1000 Maharashtra 12 13 0 64 0 21 0 26 0 0 507 287 69 1000 Orissa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 31 803 83 16 1000 Punjab 7 2 0 0 0 2 0 7 0 0 881 43 45 1000 Rajasthan 0 0 8 0 0 0 17 0 8 0 740 207 22 1000 Tamil Nadu 0 0 0 0 23 0 1 43 25 36 507 243 122 1000 Uttar Pradesh 5 5 1 0 0 8 8 22 0 2 803 117 4 1000 West Bengal 0 0 4 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 809 77 24 1000 all - India 11 7 6 10 2 27 7 17 4 6 661 178 50 1000 Note: ‘all – India’ estimates are based on data for all states/uts.


60



(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

rural person Andhra Pradesh 73 0 10 52 0 205 25 0 0 3 327 196 100 1000 Assam 46 5 0 4 0 73 0 0 34 35 726 41 37 1000 Bihar 20 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 694 103 117 1000 Gujarat 15 72 15 31 0 123 14 7 0 2 349 256 116 1000 Haryana 31 45 3 7 0 12 44 30 0 36 582 183 9 1000 Karnataka 25 138 49 2 0 91 0 0 12 0 324 294 65 1000 Kerala 13 37 26 41 16 41 30 38 1 26 354 136 196 1000 Madhya Pradesh 19 18 46 18 0 87 0 63 7 0 504 152 84 1000 Maharashtra 28 63 52 148 1 48 1 18 0 2 304 255 81 1000 Orissa 49 40 15 11 0 22 0 48 0 20 561 69 147 1000 Punjab 55 50 41 51 0 1 0 10 4 0 600 90 62 1000 Rajasthan 0 4 113 18 0 5 12 8 13 6 524 194 103 1000 Tamil Nadu 9 35 39 0 28 29 8 59 15 41 310 209 217 1000 Uttar Pradesh 23 28 6 16 0 21 24 54 0 2 616 127 63 1000 West Bengal 11 6 17 0 35 0 44 4 17 0 650 76 44 1000 all - India 27 37 30 38 4 61 14 30 5 9 452 180 100 1000

urban male Andhra Pradesh 24 67 98 148 10 125 43 8 0 0 13 289 165 1000 Assam 106 156 141 33 0 81 23 0 0 0 0 114 346 1000 Bihar 56 11 58 271 0 83 0 0 0 0 44 463 14 1000 Gujarat 21 129 176 139 15 83 80 8 23 4 0 292 30 1000 Haryana 79 73 107 19 12 0 51 0 0 0 74 466 96 1000 Karnataka 130 7 111 188 0 172 0 0 0 0 10 273 109 1000 Kerala 57 69 58 133 0 59 42 88 0 0 38 211 193 1000 Madhya Pradesh 70 80 35 123 28 380 0 0 0 0 7 276 0 1000 Maharashtra 251 77 100 72 1 96 9 35 2 12 10 269 64 1000 Orissa 76 0 77 182 56 40 73 27 0 0 0 468 1 1000 Punjab 35 371 279 57 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 199 44 1000 Rajasthan 54 110 36 252 0 199 0 0 22 10 0 239 78 1000 Tamil Nadu 121 46 72 93 36 129 0 113 2 3 25 227 122 1000 Uttar Pradesh 176 192 116 68 0 73 3 31 10 7 3 203 114 1000 West Bengal 131 90 124 61 19 19 218 13 29 0 27 229 22 1000 all - India 128 103 97 108 10 107 29 32 6 4 13 261 94 1000


61



(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

urban female Andhra Pradesh 0 17 0 2 0 134 0 5 0 7 286 456 95 1000 Assam 0 0 0 0 0 61 76 0 0 0 386 363 114 1000 Bihar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 533 467 0 1000 Gujarat 0 0 3 31 0 35 111 0 0 16 318 454 33 1000 Haryana 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 2 0 359 593 23 1000 Karnataka 39 6 36 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 556 287 59 1000 Kerala 0 0 25 4 0 117 48 28 0 0 339 262 117 1000 Madhya Pradesh 39 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 15 571 338 27 1000 Maharashtra 16 0 27 0 0 20 3 0 11 14 291 609 5 1000 Orissa 105 15 0 2 0 16 0 0 0 0 119 586 157 1000 Punjab 0 9 0 0 0 32 0 0 5 0 601 342 10 1000 Rajasthan 0 2 15 89 0 42 0 0 0 0 549 294 10 1000 Tamil Nadu 0 0 14 4 0 77 0 64 9 6 275 447 79 1000 Uttar Pradesh 12 0 0 6 0 71 5 33 11 5 373 389 96 1000 West Bengal 0 0 18 3 0 5 93 0 60 0 346 423 12 1000 all - India 12 4 11 10 0 59 14 15 7 6 355 439 61 1000

urban person Andhra Pradesh 10 37 40 62 4 130 18 6 0 4 173 387 124 1000 Assam 65 97 88 20 0 74 43 0 0 0 146 209 258 1000 Bihar 32 6 33 155 0 47 0 0 0 0 253 465 8 1000 Gujarat 11 65 91 86 8 59 95 4 11 10 157 372 31 1000 Haryana 32 29 43 8 5 14 21 0 1 0 244 542 52 1000 Karnataka 77 6 68 80 0 83 0 0 0 0 324 281 81 1000 Kerala 25 30 39 60 0 92 45 54 0 0 209 240 150 1000 Madhya Pradesh 54 38 17 58 13 184 0 0 0 8 306 309 14 1000 Maharashtra 140 41 65 38 1 61 6 19 6 13 142 429 36 1000 Orissa 90 7 40 95 29 29 38 14 0 0 57 525 76 1000 Punjab 14 152 110 23 0 26 0 0 3 0 364 285 24 1000 Rajasthan 22 47 24 157 0 107 0 0 9 4 322 271 38 1000 Tamil Nadu 55 21 40 44 16 101 0 86 6 5 162 348 98 1000 Uttar Pradesh 100 103 62 40 0 72 4 32 10 6 174 289 106 1000 West Bengal 69 47 74 33 10 13 158 7 43 0 179 322 17 1000 all - India 67 51 52 57 5 82 21 24 6 5 191 353 77 1000


62


period since migrated: 1- 4 years major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

rural male Andhra Pradesh 72 100 57 25 0 222 5 3 13 4 50 312 135 1000 Assam 43 42 147 35 20 98 17 69 13 0 55 178 269 1000 Bihar 104 36 101 10 23 83 0 21 0 101 281 28 213 1000 Gujarat 92 68 35 104 0 107 131 27 24 5 33 205 161 1000 Haryana 0 288 27 56 0 66 0 0 41 0 37 204 281 1000 Karnataka 59 112 90 78 3 101 11 20 15 0 42 319 146 1000 Kerala 34 60 34 79 13 4 89 64 14 31 21 327 227 1000 Madhya Pradesh 47 112 74 46 11 103 35 65 34 0 52 307 105 1000 Maharashtra 54 120 62 108 3 146 12 21 1 8 12 335 111 1000 Oris sa 45 54 23 76 5 209 74 37 0 22 56 206 182 1000 Punjab 85 240 114 101 1 9 0 31 52 13 40 217 73 1000 Rajasthan 57 83 106 104 39 108 0 32 15 22 69 216 148 1000 Tamil Nadu 59 114 98 37 35 66 49 42 27 17 50 266 121 1000 Uttar Pradesh 45 77 37 86 5 51 29 165 22 7 86 207 170 1000 West Bengal 96 45 22 44 9 81 33 55 123 1 92 283 92 1000 all - India 61 94 61 75 10 110 34 47 22 11 50 270 147 1000

rural female Andhra Pradesh 7 11 12 10 0 49 2 5 10 0 605 239 49 1000 Assam 0 1 14 4 4 12 1 18 14 0 712 131 75 1000 Bihar 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 3 3 0 971 6 6 1000 Gujarat 3 2 3 2 0 13 42 8 18 0 713 124 73 1000 Haryana 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 10 0 0 851 99 26 1000 Karnataka 4 14 5 9 0 13 0 10 11 5 715 149 61 1000 Kerala 16 0 8 1 0 17 51 28 13 4 529 263 69 1000 Madhya Pradesh 4 9 6 2 1 15 1 5 5 0 832 89 26 1000 Maharashtra 5 16 8 13 3 27 2 10 4 2 619 223 58 1000 Orissa 0 4 4 3 0 11 11 5 0 0 788 121 54 1000 Punjab 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 16 15 0 864 77 18 1000 Rajasthan 7 2 2 2 0 4 0 2 3 0 876 76 27 1000 Tamil Nadu 7 19 15 3 6 14 7 21 21 2 640 170 62 1000 Uttar Pradesh 0 0 0 1 0 3 3 39 2 0 870 55 20 1000 West Bengal 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 6 13 0 846 70 46 1000 all - India 4 6 4 4 1 13 6 15 7 1 774 120 40 1000


63


period since migrated: 1- 4 years major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




64


period since migrated:1- 4 years major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




65


period since migrated: 5 – 9 years major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

rural male Andhra Pradesh 14 159 88 70 0 28 3 11 38 0 111 307 171 1000 Assam 56 84 118 81 0 2 44 178 0 0 11 112 255 1000 Bihar 99 40 32 14 1 50 22 27 56 0 249 265 144 1000 Gujarat 131 127 109 2 0 47 8 0 21 0 76 386 74 1000 Haryana 33 252 61 146 0 45 0 5 0 0 12 396 48 1000 Karnataka 76 90 80 42 12 76 11 26 33 0 74 312 170 1000 Kerala 35 32 44 42 5 0 188 64 7 24 81 336 142 1000 Madhya Pradesh 82 65 80 55 0 66 36 30 48 0 165 317 57 1000 Maharashtra 101 180 33 71 8 79 17 30 29 13 13 322 104 1000 Orissa 68 16 35 136 0 102 19 67 2 42 99 213 202 1000 Punjab 19 113 71 92 0 0 0 10 39 11 62 366 217 1000 Rajasthan 19 201 104 129 17 59 18 21 22 11 70 148 180 1000 Tamil Nadu 22 94 88 48 21 10 112 94 44 2 81 281 104 1000 Uttar Pradesh 43 63 22 26 25 15 12 54 41 5 164 210 281 1000 West Bengal 49 4 29 6 41 27 91 48 195 0 79 316 116 1000 all - India 61 106 61 57 11 43 45 40 39 8 82 296 145 1000



66


period since migrated: 5-9 years major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




67


period since migrated: 5-9 years major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




68


period since migrated: 10 years & above major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




69



(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




70



(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




71


period since migrated: all major states reason for migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




72



(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




73



(inl.nr) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)




74

Table 12: Per 1000 distribution of migrants from other states by reason for migration

rural person period since migrated: 1 to 4 years major states reason for migration mig. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) rate

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)

migrated from rural area of other state Andhra Pradesh 0 1 104 5 0 2 0 0 50 0 440 250 149 1000 1 Assam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 283 463 1000 0 Bihar 0 184 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 816 0 0 1000 0 Gujarat 199 63 25 0 0 63 0 0 0 0 450 199 0 1000 3 Haryana 0 81 3 0 0 62 0 0 0 0 765 78 11 1000 6 Karnataka 154 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 593 210 43 1000 1 Kerala 90 189 0 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 154 112 362 1000 2 Madhya Pradesh 0 55 0 0 0 26 0 62 38 0 614 186 17 1000 2 Maharashtra 0 131 139 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 287 351 65 1000 4 Orissa 199 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 50 203 1000 1 Punjab 98 172 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 155 0 1000 5 Rajasthan 27 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 13 0 555 223 164 1000 2 Tamil Nadu 58 89 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 0 0 1000 2 Uttar Pradesh 20 72 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 10 703 105 75 1000 2 West Bengal 68 20 0 2 0 0 0 58 0 2 329 186 336 1000 2 all - India 54 78 41 3 1 19 2 11 7 2 494 197 89 1000 2

migrated from urban area of other state Andhra Pradesh 0 52 359 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 521 0 1000 1 Assam - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bihar 158 52 207 0 0 0 0 0 0 218 221 52 93 1000 0 Gujarat 0 0 138 0 0 0 0 0 136 2 35 551 138 1000 1 Haryana 0 142 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261 538 60 1000 7 Karnataka 99 4 19 61 0 0 0 5 0 36 121 545 110 1000 3 Kerala 26 0 75 31 0 13 64 18 69 168 102 301 119 1000 3 M.P. 98 114 37 0 0 0 27 0 30 0 169 503 22 1000 1 Maharashtra 45 304 9 200 0 0 0 33 0 28 153 138 89 1000 1 Orissa 0 9 58 29 0 0 191 100 0 95 88 102 327 1000 3 Punjab 0 29 91 0 0 0 0 399 5 94 257 125 0 1000 1 Rajasthan 0 100 74 37 0 1 0 29 0 69 168 240 281 1000 2 Tamil Nadu 0 71 0 8 0 0 0 48 0 41 394 7 431 1000 2 Uttar Pradesh 36 7 29 24 0 0 17 142 68 2 231 134 285 1000 2 West Bengal 0 0 0 115 0 0 0 0 496 0 0 351 38 1000 2 all - India 31 56 58 48 1 1 25 48 67 38 156 297 168 1000 2 Note 1: ‘all – India’ estimates are based on data for all states/union territories. Note 2: For any state, ‘migration rate’ in column 16 is the number of in-migrants (of a particular category of persons) in that state from other states (from rural and urban areas separately) per 1000 persons (of that category) of that state


75

Table 12: Per 1000 distribution of migrants from other states by reason for migration urban person period since migrated: 1 to 4 years major states reason for migration mig. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

(inl.nr) rate

migrated from rural area of other state Andhra Pradesh 48 68 46 26 0 6 0 0 21 0 152 632 0 1000 3 Assam 353 339 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213 95 0 1000 1 Bihar 0 112 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 607 281 0 1000 0 Gujarat 172 218 39 0 0 9 0 0 4 0 191 347 19 1000 12 Haryana 297 121 22 8 22 0 0 0 0 0 116 241 165 1000 48 Karnataka 261 65 32 0 0 66 0 0 0 0 347 229 0 1000 10 Kerala 36 41 94 29 0 109 0 0 0 175 217 300 0 1000 3 Madhya Pradesh 184 0 39 10 0 306 0 0 0 0 233 225 3 1000 5 Maharashtra 237 180 36 12 0 29 0 0 6 0 110 368 23 1000 20 Orissa 53 0 72 0 75 168 0 75 0 0 335 222 0 1000 4 Punjab 114 556 43 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 98 161 11 1000 32 Rajasthan 96 218 52 21 0 35 0 0 16 0 286 244 31 1000 5 Tamil Nadu 223 72 26 66 0 5 0 0 0 37 433 121 0 1000 2 Uttar Pradesh 144 299 34 0 0 42 6 0 27 0 123 269 56 1000 5 West Bengal 136 90 58 154 0 91 0 0 21 0 186 147 118 1000 7 all - India 202 199 38 16 3 38 1 1 7 3 154 294 42 1000 10

migrated from urban area of other state Andhra Pradesh 21 74 61 97 0 47 16 0 22 0 122 384 156 1000 5 Assam 0 0 0 198 0 0 0 0 0 0 449 354 0 1000 2 Bihar 41 24 16 357 0 0 0 0 0 0 267 268 28 1000 3 Gujarat 38 93 32 241 8 0 0 0 8 0 134 433 9 1000 8 Haryana 50 66 13 44 0 0 0 60 0 21 233 470 43 1000 10 Karnataka 84 56 67 70 0 55 0 0 0 3 252 331 81 1000 10 Kerala 0 48 149 173 0 28 0 4 7 70 79 360 82 1000 8 M. P. 18 56 68 126 0 7 0 0 16 0 189 451 56 1000 11 Maharashtra 31 60 89 116 3 56 0 4 6 0 110 489 37 1000 11 Orissa 0 152 30 108 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 275 165 1000 3 Punjab 73 133 42 26 0 1 4 0 24 0 248 417 33 1000 10 Rajasthan 84 38 0 145 0 9 0 0 0 114 263 295 52 1000 7 Tamil Nadu 52 96 73 114 0 24 0 28 2 0 160 357 67 1000 5 Uttar Pradesh 80 28 5 92 0 21 26 124 6 0 146 386 76 1000 6 West Bengal 0 0 49 201 0 128 51 0 0 0 136 292 144 1000 4 all - India 47 58 57 122 2 41 6 19 7 9 160 404 63 1000 7


76

Note A

Explanatory notes on detailed tables 1. In the detailed tables, if sample size for any row was observed to be zero (0), all the cell entries of that row were filled in with ‘-’. 2. Codes used in the Appendix Tables: Period since leaving the last usual place of residence: The period elapsed since migration (i.e. period elapsed since leaving the last usual place of residence till the date of survey) was recorded in completed number of years like 0, 1, 2, 3 etc., the part of any year was ignored to get the years since leaving the last usual place of residence. Periods of temporary stay (less than 6 months) in other places after leaving the last usual place of residence were also included for determining period elapsed since migration. Reason for migration: Reasons for leaving the last usual place of residence (i.e. reasons for migration) were recorder in terms of 13 categories. The codes used for recoding the reasons for migration were:

in search of employment – 01, in search of better employment – 02, to take up employment/ better employment – 03, transfer of service/contract – 04, proximity to place of work – 05, studies – 06, acquisition of own house/flat – 07, housing problem – 08, social/ political problem – 09, health – 10, marriage – 11, migration of parent/earning member – 12 and other reasons - 19.

Occupation division: Codes are as per NCO (1968) revised edition (3 digit code).


77

APPENDIX

NSS Report No. 470: Migration in India, 1999-2000 Appendix

A-13

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India male rural

last usual place years since leaving last usual place of residence total no. of residence 0 1 2 3 4 5 6-9 10-14 15 & of migrants

state sector above (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Andhra Pradesh rural 1380 2025 2839 1028 900 665 2048 2368 8086 21338 urban 360 518 907 151 132 242 437 715 913 4374 Assam rural 81 197 297 176 48 71 334 576 938 2718 urban 26 27 62 18 2 0 54 36 121 346 Bihar rural 410 658 471 366 396 78 944 965 1789 6077 urban 137 120 97 42 195 20 154 96 134 995 Gujarat rural 1196 760 594 429 720 337 651 532 1599 6818 urban 623 1261 200 1690 150 161 492 703 678 5958 Haryana rural 82 97 59 69 20 364 524 106 826 2146 urban 20 42 79 28 32 65 127 267 241 900 Karnataka rural 1133 896 808 1258 774 1172 863 1553 2976 11433 urban 483 272 220 405 207 658 788 355 742 4130 Kerala rural 466 777 1122 785 563 991 1743 2289 5697 14433 urban 90 170 110 174 90 218 445 171 775 2244 M.P. rural 1041 1329 693 737 785 665 1532 1831 4275 12889 urban 134 605 185 78 139 54 152 214 323 1883 Maharashtra rural 1316 1818 2947 2770 1059 2311 5361 2712 5494 25788 urban 1629 1390 997 1051 563 561 1827 2128 1998 12144 Orissa rural 620 965 583 673 584 358 594 678 1926 6980 urban 131 135 127 56 125 113 342 293 407 1730 Punjab rural 280 200 220 251 136 279 542 571 1694 4172 urban 156 150 91 115 102 84 105 288 632 1722 Rajasthan rural 565 660 837 483 227 189 855 1364 2960 8140 urban 234 125 171 264 226 220 255 323 461 2280


A-14

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India male rural


state sector above (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Tamil Nadu rural 591 1019 1592 954 691 576 1565 1831 5023 13843 urban 534 443 447 858 382 245 1468 801 1433 6611 U.P. rural 1986 1642 1358 1446 1445 794 2750 3202 8099 22722 urban 500 346 1017 262 100 161 536 1134 1416 5471 West Bengal rural 461 1172 854 794 432 320 1282 1546 5040 11900 urban 224 275 303 46 121 104 672 432 794 2972

Total rural 12088 14646 15718 12590 9038 9475 22250 22982 57635 176422 Total urban 6184 6508 5450 5544 2881 3206 8311 8583 12037 58705 Bangladesh X 0 0 70 22 0 78 225 932 2110 3438 Nepal X 202 2 31 22 2 18 41 131 119 567 Pakistan X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 986 986 Sri lanka X 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 28 475 512 Bhutan X 0 22 6 17 0 0 28 41 0 114 Gulf Countries X 351 163 402 189 159 117 215 262 144 2003 Other Asian Countries X 67 6 54 0 0 0 0 21 78 226 USA X 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 23 Canada X - - - - - - - - - - Other coun. of America

X - - - - - - - - - -

U.K. X 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 13 0 17 other coun. of Europe X - - - - - - - - - - Africa X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 16 40 Rest of World X 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 Total (inc nr) 19041 21649 22361 18471 12107 13303 31628 33203 74778 246541 Note: Total no. of migrants in col.12 includes n.r. cases of ‘years since leaving last upr’.


A-15

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India female rural


state sector above (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Andhra Pradesh rural 2361 3419 4204 3152 2691 2613 10944 12439 40869 82691 urban 884 539 1109 242 444 444 908 1035 2854 8460 Assam rural 371 863 503 486 514 368 1434 1951 5124 11614 urban 5 19 19 75 2 2 104 22 183 430 Bihar rural 1212 5207 5015 3054 3788 3310 14602 15331 58311 109830 urban 188 231 174 126 231 59 603 594 990 3198 Gujarat rural 1668 2639 2525 2230 2151 2264 7422 7476 37105 65480 urban 559 1709 425 1252 381 224 1159 693 2539 8939

Haryana rural 420 1098 841 972 1020 1319 3173 4043 16277 29164 urban 125 97 69 50 40 34 283 566 979 2244 Karnataka rural 1561 3323 4111 2931 2572 2582 8416 9674 36154 71324 urban 288 363 624 419 584 306 720 713 1951 5968 Kerala rural 1513 2078 1779 1873 1528 1852 4695 4827 19366 39510 urban 320 449 142 178 116 364 560 681 1504 4314 M.P. rural 2678 5820 4244 4352 3920 3878 12719 17103 63611 118325 urban 325 522 363 168 224 109 444 709 2145 5009

Maharashtra rural 2351 4111 5931 5615 5092 3883 13546 17069 65709 123306 urban 1364 1272 1039 1040 908 344 1723 2675 4402 14767 Orissa rural 792 1657 2385 1786 1789 1878 6638 7619 30534 55078 urban 38 85 61 130 34 133 320 318 717 1834 Punjab rural 760 1212 1131 962 912 1166 3489 4985 18161 32777 urban 128 119 164 85 108 51 350 587 1696 3289 Rajasthan rural 1541 3425 4282 3628 2375 2839 9506 11510 46056 85161 urban 158 129 319 186 165 190 401 649 1909 4106


A-16

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India female rural


state sector above (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Tamil Nadu rural 1489 2332 3292 2604 2006 2445 6897 8636 35017 64718 urban 831 442 760 703 441 495 1933 1090 3363 10057 U.P. rural 7254 9717 11509 9617 8840 8735 31980 38980 164183 290815 urban 396 1101 1896 733 712 487 1821 2579 5817 15540 West Bengal rural 1697 5446 4049 4997 4151 3373 13934 15787 51032 104465 urban 162 511 351 239 72 176 900 799 2266 5476 Total rural 28353 53759 56811 49162 44311 43202 152745 181179 703826 1313348 Total urban 6283 7948 8134 5842 4735 3649 12791 14186 34434 98002 Bangladesh X 8 0 89 0 0 65 234 854 1953 3203 Nepal X 0 29 167 124 82 41 72 99 678 1293 Pakistan X 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 481 503 Sri lanka X 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 14 456 477 Bhutan X 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 41 0 76 Gulf Countries X 145 34 17 22 16 2 0 35 6 277 Other Asian Countries

X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69 69

USA X - - - - - - - - - - Canada X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 Other coun. of America

X - - - - - - - - - -

U.K. X 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 13 0 30 other coun. of Europe

X - - - - - - - - - -

Africa X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 17 41 Rest of World X - - - - - - - - - - Total (inc nr) 34994 62459 65746 55716 49330 47085 166531 197819 744869 1424548 Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India person rural



A-17



A-18

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India person rural


state sector above (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Tamil Nadu rural 2080 3350 4884 3559 2697 3021 8462 10468 40040 78561 urban 1365 885 1207 1561 823 739 3401 1890 4796 16669 Tripura rural 67 55 106 52 43 54 290 565 847 2077 urban 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 15 51 U.P. rural 9240 11359 12867 11064 10285 9529 34730 42182 172283 313537 urban 896 1447 2912 994 812 648 2356 3713 7233 21012 West Bengal rural 2158 6617 4902 5791 4583 3693 15216 17332 56072 116364 urban 386 786 654 285 193 279 1572 1231 3061 8448

Total rural 40442 68405 72529 61752 53349 52676 174995 204160 761461 1489769 Total urban 12468 14455 13584 11387 7616 6855 21102 22768 46471 156707 Bangladesh X 8 0 159 23 0 143 459 1787 4063 6641 Nepal X 202 31 198 145 84 59 114 229 797 1860 Pakistan X 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 1467 1490 Sri lanka X 4 0 0 0 0 0 12 43 931 990 Bhutan X 0 22 6 17 0 0 63 82 0 190 Gulf Countries X 496 197 419 210 175 120 215 297 151 2280 Other Asian Countries X 67 6 54 0 0 0 0 21 147 295 USA X 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 23 Canada X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 Other coun. of America

X - - - - - - - - - -

U.K. X 0 0 0 18 0 0 3 26 0 46 other coun. of Europe X - - - - - - - - - - Africa X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 34 81 Rest of World X 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 Total (inc nr) 54035 84108 88107 74186 61436 60388 198159 231021 819648 1671089


A-19

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India male urban




A-20

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India male urban



X 0 0 4 10 4 0 38 0 285 341

USA X 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 Canada X - - - - - - - - - - Other coun. of America

X 0 0 0 0 0 0 84 0 0 84

U.K. X 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 other coun. of Europe X 4 8 2 0 0 0 0 1 16 31 Africa X 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 21 47 Rest of World X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 3 37 Total (inc nr) 15656 25781 26445 23143 17809 20683 42051 44292 98389 314248


A-21

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India female urban




A-22

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India female urban



X 0 2 0 0 2 0 28 37 393 462


X 0 0 0 0 0 0 126 0 0 126



A-23

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India person urban




A-24

Table (M1): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and period elapsed since migration all-India person urban



X 0 2 4 10 6 0 66 37 678 803


X 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 0 0 210



A-25

Table (M2): Per 1000 distribution of population by migration status and period elapsed since migration rural male non- Migrants no. of persons state migrants period elapsed since migration (years) all estimated (00) sample

0 1 2 3 4 5 6-9 10-14 15 & all persons all migrants all migrants above (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) Andhra Pradesh 900 7 10 14 5 5 4 10 13 34 100 1000 258231 25815 15311 1464 Assam 971 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 5 12 29 1000 101320 2963 13616 488 Bihar 989 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 11 1000 411879 4385 28411 370 Gujarat 902 11 13 8 11 5 10 15 7 18 98 1000 152570 14951 9011 677 Haryana 941 4 2 7 2 1 6 12 5 20 59 1000 72315 4266 4658 273 Karnataka 916 8 6 7 7 6 10 9 11 21 84 1000 176014 14861 9868 893 Kerala 792 11 13 17 13 8 15 28 30 73 208 1000 95541 19904 8011 1691 Madhya Pradesh 950 5 6 4 3 2 2 6 7 15 50 1000 305650 15390 20464 1043 Maharashtra 873 11 11 13 15 6 8 22 15 27 127 1000 279477 35559 14339 1667 Orissa 931 3 9 7 7 5 4 8 9 18 69 1000 143170 9868 11577 908 Punjab 924 5 4 3 6 3 4 8 9 32 76 1000 75102 5716 8518 699 Rajasthan 932 4 5 6 5 4 2 8 11 23 68 1000 182462 12319 13366 1041 Tamil Nadu 885 8 9 11 10 6 4 16 15 37 115 1000 187054 21581 11861 1413 Uttar Pradesh 953 4 3 4 3 3 1 5 8 16 47 1000 660262 31279 40216 1918 West Bengal 937 3 5 5 3 2 2 7 9 28 63 1000 293376 18485 16298 1135 All- India 930 5 6 6 5 3 4 9 9 21 70 1000 3506876 246541 261081 19212 estd. migrants(00) 3260335 19041 21649 22361 18471 12107 13303 31628 33203 74778 246541 3506876 X X X X

sample migrants 241869 1658 1646 1605 1362 1058 986 2417 2723 5757 19212 261081 X X X X

Note: ‘all’ in col. 12 includes n.r. cases of ‘period elapsed since migration’


A-26

Table (M2): Per 1000 distribution of population by migration status and period elapsed since migration rural female non- Migrants no. of persons state migrants period elapsed since migration (years) all estimated (00) sample




A-27

Table (M2): Per 1000 distribution of population by migration status and period elapsed since migration rural person non- Migrants no. of persons state migrants period elapsed since migration (years) all estimated (00) samp le

0 1 2 3 4 5 6-9 10-14 15 & all persons all migrants all migrants above (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

Andhra Pradesh 772 10 13 17 9 8 8 28 33 102 228 1000 516057 117849 30668 7006 Assam 922 3 6 5 4 3 2 9 13 34 78 1000 193017 14989 25875 2239 Bihar 858 2 7 6 4 5 4 18 20 75 142 1000 795954 112783 54810 8123 Gujarat 698 12 21 13 18 11 15 37 32 142 302 1000 301297 90939 17681 5170 Haryana 708 9 12 15 9 8 13 35 39 152 292 1000 136970 39967 8858 2600 Karnataka 744 8 13 17 12 12 13 31 34 116 256 1000 351822 89977 19627 5226 Kerala 676 16 19 19 17 12 19 41 42 140 324 1000 201664 65245 16815 5508 Madhya Pradesh 759 8 14 11 9 8 8 26 35 121 241 1000 589298 141934 39359 9708 Maharashtra 682 12 16 18 20 14 11 39 44 144 318 1000 545288 173470 28027 8916 Orissa 768 5 10 12 10 8 9 29 32 117 232 1000 289219 67200 23277 5767 Punjab 711 8 11 11 11 8 11 32 43 154 289 1000 144910 41870 16346 4835 Rajasthan 710 7 13 16 13 10 10 33 40 149 290 1000 353460 102658 25828 7692 Tamil Nadu 738 11 12 17 14 10 10 31 34 123 262 1000 370839 96986 23523 6274 Uttar Pradesh 732 8 11 13 10 9 8 29 37 142 268 1000 1283413 343412 78391 21130 West Bengal 769 5 13 11 11 9 7 30 35 111 231 1000 579432 133786 31813 7483 All- India 757 8 12 13 11 9 9 29 34 119 243 1000 6868809 1671089 509779 118979 estd. migrants(00) 5197721 54035 84108 88107 74186 61436 60388 198159 231021 819648 1671089 6868809 X X X X



A-28

Table (M2): Per 1000 distribution of population by migration status and period elapsed since migration urban male non- Migrants no. of persons state migrants period elapsed since migration (years) all estimated (00) sample

0 1 2 3 4 5 6-9 10-14 15 & all persons all migrants all migrants above

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

Andhra Pradesh 696 17 42 36 16 14 16 44 45 73 304 1000 109993 33395 11662 3024 Assam 912 8 7 9 6 5 8 11 8 26 88 1000 13538 1194 2621 368 Bihar 874 5 13 15 10 6 10 21 16 31 126 1000 64784 8154 8386 1012 Gujarat 746 12 19 23 15 19 16 30 38 81 254 1000 74356 18895 9301 2041 Haryana 648 13 13 35 38 13 20 79 31 111 352 1000 28497 10028 2708 783 Karnataka 739 10 30 20 25 17 17 38 33 72 261 1000 67638 17646 7854 1838 Kerala 731 19 27 33 19 21 15 28 39 69 269 1000 33927 9143 6042 1582 Madhya Pradesh 830 10 13 13 14 8 12 23 20 58 170 1000 90144 15326 11720 1776 Maharashtra 626 15 25 25 30 21 25 45 58 131 374 1000 182008 68102 17355 5883 Orissa 703 12 18 28 19 16 25 32 41 106 297 1000 29594 8783 3250 965 Punjab 751 7 14 19 15 20 23 39 39 73 249 1000 37172 9272 6255 1404 Rajasthan 737 16 25 30 13 14 22 35 43 65 263 1000 53330 14031 7264 1647 Tamil Nadu 726 14 24 20 17 14 20 33 34 98 274 1000 105592 28893 11645 3055 Uttar Pradesh 774 16 17 17 21 16 11 31 36 60 226 1000 173941 39345 17971 3170 West Bengal 711 9 15 21 15 11 20 39 32 126 289 1000 80607 23312 10174 2715 All- India 743 13 21 22 19 15 17 34 36 80 257 1000 1222540 314248 161136 36891 estd. migrants(00) 908291 15656 25781 26445 23143 17809 20683 42051 44292 98389 314248 1222540 X X X X



A-29

Table (M2): Per 1000 distribution of population by migration status and period elapsed since migration urban female non- Migrants no. of persons state migrants period elapsed since migration (years) all estimated (00) sample




A-30

Table (M2): Per 1000 distribution of population by migration status and period elapsed since migration urban person non- Migrants no. of persons state migrants period elapsed since migration (years) all estimated (00) sample




A-31

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India rural male last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample

distn. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) Andhra Pradesh R 1201 2956 1430 721 26 2490 175 157 372 130 2339 5713 3609 19 21338 87 1179 U 391 318 268 352 0 250 35 84 178 69 252 1147 1029 0 4374 18 298 Assam R 241 298 225 152 50 70 81 143 57 0 163 755 464 19 2718 11 473 U 4 38 7 67 0 23 2 18 0 14 6 36 132 0 346 1 64 Bihar R 771 996 456 82 0 163 27 92 44 0 1690 1320 434 2 6077 25 624 U 3 30 83 71 60 20 23 4 0 14 85 253 269 81 995 4 95 Gujarat R 469 618 486 503 70 823 223 124 377 42 649 1698 736 0 6818 28 485 U 199 468 207 550 0 0 1386 95 84 176 74 1299 1349 71 5958 24 283 Haryana R 63 335 220 263 0 51 0 1 15 0 218 630 350 0 2146 9 168 U 18 58 2 159 0 65 13 38 98 30 0 185 212 23 900 4 89 Karnataka R 539 1699 1312 412 64 945 161 202 307 9 1343 3046 1332 62 11433 46 677 U 225 473 337 297 2 30 29 88 268 22 184 998 1169 7 4130 17 268 Kerala R 699 657 457 374 333 9 2312 891 128 46 1802 5032 1686 7 14433 59 1214 U 73 175 76 277 0 29 273 267 33 137 56 540 308 0 2244 9 192 M. P. R 963 1538 950 603 96 1159 272 307 287 0 2020 3287 1354 54 12889 52 863 U 117 147 205 161 0 26 138 145 103 15 32 462 331 0 1883 8 171 Maharashtra R 2712 3849 1500 1688 140 2751 367 458 318 100 1124 8160 2555 65 25788 105 1140 U 704 967 699 1058 50 373 281 523 445 509 170 2963 3298 103 12144 49 736 Orissa R 432 471 233 835 32 1161 172 147 44 15 1069 1158 1172 39 6980 28 561 U 131 90 214 261 9 39 10 43 3 21 2 488 397 23 1730 7 200 Punjab R 203 691 232 205 88 14 36 90 493 17 272 1174 610 49 4172 17 518 U 0 79 195 180 1 7 48 61 146 63 25 293 595 29 1722 7 205 Rajasthan R 383 580 1331 934 127 432 56 162 95 1 800 2278 924 35 8140 33 706 U 153 286 264 162 179 84 4 78 155 53 24 194 646 0 2280 9 199


A-32

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India rural male last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample

distn. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) Tamil Nadu R 889 2258 1270 299 306 712 691 581 349 106 1605 3329 1266 185 13843 56 1045 U 188 589 595 367 200 104 585 439 75 70 180 2040 1169 10 6611 27 445 Uttar Pradesh R 1238 2464 1198 766 248 729 455 1667 772 73 4416 4731 3849 116 22722 92 1505 U 409 578 540 463 5 78 368 229 178 6 134 873 1470 142 5471 22 403 West Bengal R 1066 976 331 173 228 451 471 577 600 48 1524 3709 1729 19 11900 48 839 U 195 288 202 172 80 0 276 127 110 130 110 786 333 162 2972 12 225 Total R 12070 20812 11938 8643 1897 12145 5790 5710 4432 599 21346 47239 23075 726 176422 716 13711 U 2959 4813 4066 5177 598 1180 3757 2585 2200 1574 1332 13205 14569 690 58705 238 4590 Bangladesh X 125 132 30 0 0 22 52 0 1816 0 29 1051 169 13 3438 14 227 Nepal X 198 267 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 54 0 567 2 63 Pakistan X 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 3 12 240 32 13 986 4 127 Sri lanka X 17 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 199 0 0 106 109 0 512 2 25 Bhutan X 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 41 0 0 34 0 114 0 7 Gulf countries X 71 80 39 404 51 0 17 70 116 221 14 139 780 0 2003 8 212 other Asian countries

X 0 0 0 36 18 0 0 0 42 6 0 0 125 0 226 1 22

USA X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 23 0 1 Canada X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - other countries of America

X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

U.K. X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 3 0 17 0 7 other countries of Europe

X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Africa X 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 7 7 0 40 0 8 rest of the World X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 1 Total (incl. n.r.) 16912 26277 16126 14336 2565 13432 9809 8384 9590 2478 22902 62457 39367 1906 246541 1000 19212


A-33

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India rural female last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample



A-34

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India rural female last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample


X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 0 2 14 0 69 0 7

USA X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Canada X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 22 0 1 other countries of America

X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Africa X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 3 5 9 0 41 0 13 rest of the World

X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Total (incl. n.r.) 3263 5553 2269 2866 659 5484 5044 6067 7520 958 1260068 90479 29520 4798 1424548 1000 99767


A-35

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India rural person last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample



A-36

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India rural person last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample


X 0 0 0 36 18 0 0 0 94 6 0 2 139 0 295 0 29

USA X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 23 0 1 Canada X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 22 0 1 other countries of America

X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



A-37

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India urban male last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample



A-38

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India urban male last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample


X 2 1 0 49 0 32 2 0 94 0 0 133 28 0 341 1 41


X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 42 0 84 0 4


X 1 0 16 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 31 0 10



A-39

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India urban female last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample



A-40

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India urban female last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample


X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 147 0 39 270 6 0 462 1 48


X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 126 0 0 126 0 6


X 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 23 3 0 28 0 8



A-41

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India urban person last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample



A-42

Table (M3): Estimated number (in 00) of migrants by place of residence before migration and reason for migration all-India urban person last usual place reason for migration (codes) migrants of residence sec-

tor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all per

1000 sample


X 2 1 0 49 0 32 2 0 241 0 39 403 34 0 803 1 89


X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 42 0 210 0 10


X 1 0 16 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 29 8 0 59 0 18



A-43

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural male

location of last reason for migration (codes) per 1000 migrants no. of migrants usual place of residence 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

distn of

migrants per 1000 persons

estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe

same district rural 133 18 21 25 0 485 3 4 0 0 36 120 154 1000 53 2 809 60 urban 432 304 218 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 43 1000 14 1 210 13 same state, other dist rural 56 0 0 186 0 110 110 0 0 0 0 204 334 1000 26 1 404 16 urban 0 0 736 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 260 1000 6 0 94 8 another state rural 0 0 0 331 0 0 0 261 60 0 0 347 0 1000 11 0 164 11 urban 0 280 0 0 0 60 0 345 0 0 0 168 147 1000 11 0 164 10 another country 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 1000 0 0 5 1 all 120 67 72 81 0 241 25 56 5 0 16 143 174 1000 121 5 1851 119

scheduled caste


other backward class

same district rural 47 70 84 118 31 212 12 78 7 0 39 213 90 1000 170 2 2603 118 urban 55 79 0 0 0 202 17 107 0 44 49 4 443 1000 32 0 489 26 same state, other dist rural 39 100 38 101 0 213 32 0 0 0 41 238 199 1000 55 1 836 36

urban 8 230 50 46 0 81 0 2 0 77 0 122 384 1000 45 1 684 33 another state rural 247 210 30 40 0 23 0 159 0 23 10 167 31 1000 27 0 411 37 urban 53 97 0 0 43 0 76 168 5 41 0 132 302 1000 46 1 711 36 another country 0 9 40 84 0 0 0 0 14 73 72 27 681 1000 17 0 263 23 all 54 103 51 77 18 149 20 74 4 22 31 168 214 1000 392 5 5997 309

Note:1. row ‘all’ includes n.r. cases of the ‘location of last upr’; 2. ‘all’ in col. 15 includes ‘n.r’ cases of reason for migration


A-44

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural male


distn of

migrants per

1000 persons

estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) social group: other



social group: all


urban 4 120 115 123 3 49 0 1 3 43 0 233 306 1000 96 0 1462 92 another state rural 107 141 73 293 0 17 0 112 14 12 8 166 38 1000 85 0 1296 100 urban 43 69 40 41 15 24 30 133 2 51 39 104 378 1000 131 1 2011 113 another country 0 29 36 72 0 0 0 134 16 41 41 15 617 1000 30 0 465 37 all 59 97 78 93 10 129 28 55 7 15 36 185 199 1000 1000 4 15293 894 estd. no. of migrants(00) 903 1484 1193 1422 152 1973 431 843 113 235 555 2836 3038 15293 X X X X sample no. of migrants 60 81 68 72 6 69 31 43 19 16 38 197 188 894 X X X X


A-45

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe

same district rural 26 13 5 0 0 136 1 0 0 0 758 53 8 1000 52 4 1594 94 urban 763 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 3 127 0 66 1000 9 1 268 16 same state, other dist rural 0 0 0 61 0 108 0 0 0 0 331 103 397 1000 14 1 417 20 urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 993 7 0 1000 2 0 52 5 another state rural 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 224 41 0 13 717 0 1000 9 1 287 16 urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 713 0 0 287 0 0 1000 3 0 79 4 another country - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - all 91 8 3 9 0 97 1 45 9 0 541 124 73 1000 88 8 2698 155

scheduled caste



same district rura l 2 0 0 15 0 8 9 22 7 3 708 164 33 1000 232 6 7104 375 urban 0 0 0 0 55 62 4 62 0 86 376 145 211 1000 28 1 850 39 same state, other dist rural 0 0 19 26 0 0 10 0 0 0 730 208 0 1000 69 2 2103 102



A-46

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all


urban 23 0 0 0 0 109 17 49 0 0 413 309 80 1000 51 0 1571 77 another state rural 23 23 32 0 0 0 0 64 9 15 476 352 0 1000 44 0 1330 99 urban 0 48 20 3 0 50 0 62 1 0 244 310 185 1000 39 0 1177 61 another country 0 0 2 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 259 61 595 1000 4 0 118 10 all 11 7 6 10 2 27 7 17 4 6 661 178 50 1000 1000 9 30557 1706 estd. no. of migrants(00) 331 222 186 311 46 817 227 517 111 170 20188 5437 1528 30557 X X X X

sample no. of migrants 18 15 15 13 1 29 18 22 15 8 1144 292 98 1706 X X X X


A-47

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural person


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-48

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural person


distn of

migrants per

1000 persons

estd. (00) sam-ple




social group: all





A-49

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-50

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-51

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of mig rants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste




urban 0 0 29 5 0 11 0 44 3 1 448 374 75 1000 64 3 957 75 another state rural 32 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 473 287 102 1000 24 1 353 37 urban 0 0 9 0 0 11 0 28 0 0 285 659 7 1000 16 1 235 29 another country - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - all 11 1 11 1 0 48 3 25 2 6 403 400 80 1000 371 16 5543 451


A-52

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-53

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban person


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-54

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban person


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-55

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-56



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all




A-57

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-58

Table (M 4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-59

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural person


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-60



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-61

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-62



distn of


estd. (00)

sample




social group: all


urban 69 76 96 222 16 79 43 22 11 4 11 286 60 1000 203 16 18862 1472 another state rural 323 326 53 23 4 55 0 0 2 2 7 161 40 1000 140 11 13029 1112 urban 92 109 108 219 4 58 12 22 4 9 3 287 69 1000 89 7 8290 894 another country 233 272 37 92 1 51 0 15 72 43 8 49 128 1000 12 1 1071 125 all 126 143 74 108 8 123 55 31 10 3 10 247 56 1000 1000 76 92868 7797 estd. no. of migrants(00) 1169

3 13263 6879 10072 783 11429 5070 2893 972 324 922 22897 5171 92868 X X X X



A-63

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-64



distn of


estd. (00)

sample




social group: all





A-65

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban person


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-66



distn of


estd. (00)

sample




social group: all



4 14314 7797 11854 969 14991 8372 4640 2054 491 41341 66518 10347 197490 X X X X



A-67



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-68



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all




A-69

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural fe male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-70

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all

same dis trict rural 2 4 1 3 1 5 4 3 7 1 880 65 23 1000 692 44 148302 7479 urban 11 1 7 3 0 6 19 29 12 0 612 269 21 1000 41 3 8689 479 same state, other dist rural 5 5 5 2 0 4 4 0 6 0 864 76 26 1000 185 12 39696 1969




A-71



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-72



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-73



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-74



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple



urban 49 64 98 210 12 59 55 24 22 6 9 335 55 1000 105 11 6543 530 another state rural 431 293 82 14 0 11 2 0 8 4 0 135 11 1000 87 9 5422 464 rban 102 149 117 159 2 34 30 5 18 0 3 346 34 1000 64 6 3959 367 another country 170 84 195 24 0 53 0 22 90 18 0 202 143 1000 9 1 583 44 all 145 132 89 109 13 65 53 21 15 3 11 293 47 1000 542 55 33656 2862

social group: all





A-75



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-76



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-77



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-78



distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-79

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-80

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all




A-81

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-82

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-83

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural person


distn of


estd. (00)

sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-84

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural person


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19)social group: other

same district rural 4 7 5 5 2 2 7 3 4 1 896 42 20 1000 215 108 227190 12570 urban 7 27 10 31 2 2 39 14 13 0 673 138 40 1000 12 6 13030 779same state, other dist rural 19 11 15 7 1 1 6 3 5 0 824 80 26 1000 64 32 67619 3794

urban 18 16 22 37 2 2 18 5 15 6 501 230 122 1000 11 6 11556 663another state rural 23 45 39 6 1 1 2 0 13 1 694 132 42 1000 15 7 15706 1129 urban 18 26 31 81 4 2 14 16 29 36 235 228 280 1000 6 3 6027 444another country 12 44 0 19 0 0 2 0 300 23 198 340 56 1000 3 1 3096 253all 9 11 9 9 1 1 9 4 8 2 832 70 31 1000 327 165 345174 19683

social group: all


urban 16 21 29 32 1 4 18 7 19 5 540 189 111 1000 24 4 25484 1308another state rural 26 52 25 4 0 1 2 2 17 0 717 122 29 1000 38 6 40256 2601 urban 31 44 34 66 2 1 24 24 31 38 272 209 221 1000 11 2 11817 794another country 18 44 0 8 2 0 7 0 345 15 179 295 81 1000 10 2 10473 605all 8 14 7 6 1 1 6 4 9 1 852 60 27 1000 1000 154 1054894 54282 estd. no. of migrants(00) 8537 14927 7760 6218 1341 1187 6497 4209 9695 1290 898454 63221 28291 1054894 X X X X



A-85

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-86

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban male


distn of

migrants per

1000 persons

estd. (00)

sample




social group: all





A-87

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste



same dis trict rural 4 5 2 7 1 4 4 1 1 0 788 158 25 1000 118 88 30721 2603 urban 0 4 4 7 0 0 12 7 1 2 795 145 17 1000 46 34 11969 1117 same state, other dist rural 8 19 4 1 0 1 0 5 2 0 692 244 21 1000 77 57 19996 1585



A-88

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-89

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban person


distn of


estd. (00)

sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-90

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban person


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-91

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-92

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all




A-93

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-94

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple


same district rural 1 2 1 2 0 3 3 7 3 1 914 44 16 1000 216 299 307612 16784 urban

1 10 1 10 0 12 35 17 8 0 669 218 17 1000 13 19 19068 1100

same state, other dist rural 2 4 2 2 0 4 4 2 4 1 890 63 19 1000 62 86 88131 4955 urban 3 0 2 7 0 9 2 6 2 3 674 245 44 1000 9 13 13460 814

another state rural 5 3 2 0 0 1 1 0 7 0 820 126 35 1000 14 19 19361 1301 urban

0 25 6 10 0 13 25 9 37 5 442 320 93 1000 4 6 5738 419

another country 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 164 10 412 356 44 1000 1 2 1713 139 all 1 3 1 3 0 4 5 6 4 1 880 69 19 1000 320 443 456156 25566

social group: all

same district rural 1 3 1 2 0 4 3 4 4 1 916 43 16 1000 706 301 1006102 50449 urban

8 6 3 6 2 8 22 11 7 2 700 176 43 1000 36 15 51491 2671

same state, other dist rural 3 4 2 2 0 3 2 3 3 0 893 65 17 1000 183 78 260567 13246 urban 5 2 2 5 2 9 5 8 6 1 685 213 51 1000 23 10 32913 1751

another state rural 5 7 4 1 0 1 2 3 9 1 816 126 23 1000 36 16 51943 3190 urban

6 21 17 7 0 5 25 15 23 7 435 334 91 1000 10 4 13739 842

another country 0 11 0 2 0 7 3 0 212 4 382 321 50 1000 5 2 6507 363 all 2 4 2 2 0 4 3 4 5 1 888 63 19 1000 1000 426 1425783 72647 estd. no. of migrants(00) 3045 5370 2145 3132 494 5485 4894 6224 7215 940 1265747 89163 27300 1425783 X X X X



A-95

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural person


distn of


estd. (00)

sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-96

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural person


distn of migrants

per 1000

persons

estd. (00)

sample




social group: all

same district rural 6 13 7 7 2 12 7 8 6 1 836 66 28 1000 674 164 1123078 56870 urban 19 28 21 30 4 17 44 24 11 4 508 203 79 1000 43 11 72447 3816same state, other dis t rural 17 20 12 9 1 7 5 5 5 1 787 96 32 1000 180 44 300325 15242




A-97

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-98

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban male


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-99

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban female


distn of


estd. (00)

sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-100

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban female


distn of


estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all





A-101

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban person


distn of


estd. (00)

sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) scheduled tribe


scheduled caste






A-102

Table (M4): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each social group and location of last usual place of residence all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban person

location of last reason for migration (codes) per 1000 migrant no. of migrants usual place of residence 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all

distn of migrant

per 1000

persons

estd. (00)

sam-ple




social group: all



3 52219 30886 32552 3413 25643 19350 10789 7820 1653 276658 228035 28215 776277 X X X X



A-103

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural male

usual activity reason for migration (codes) per 1000 no. of migrants before migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all distribu- estd. sample

tion of (00) migrants

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self - agriculture 183 247 102 0 1 0 123 52 40 10 32 44 166 1000 51 969 117 employed non-agriculture 10 244 219 3 46 0 71 90 33 26 4 64 190 1000 71 1357 103 all 82 245 170 1 27 0 93 74 36 19 16 56 180 1000 178 2326 220 regular agriculture 14 95 138 192 19 0 44 99 0 33 0 0 359 1000 11 219 37 employee non-agriculture 30 107 123 241 38 0 64 44 10 40 1 27 276 1000 166 3168 272 all 29 106 124 238 37 0 62 47 10 39 1 25 281 1000 178 3387 309 casual agriculture 104 305 53 107 5 20 9 98 3 7 80 1 209 1000 127 2421 169 labour non-agriculture 83 129 88 196 3 0 9 122 4 20 0 5 337 1000 120 2292 171

all 94 219 70 150 4 10 9 110 3 13 41 3 271 1000 248 4713 340 workers agriculture 120 277 71 83 5 14 42 85 12 9 62 13 206 1000 190 3609 323 non-agriculture 44 142 130 178 28 0 47 79 13 30 1 27 279 1000 358 6817 546 all 70 188 110 145 20 5 45 81 13 23 22 22 254 1000 548 10426 869 unemployed 534 6 157 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 54 28 217 1000 29 543 43 not in students 24 18 24 0 3 444 10 9 4 0 14 275 159 1000 245 4662 394 labour others 60 5 9 7 0 39 14 19 13 5 78 596 128 1000 179 3410 352 force all 39 12 18 3 2 273 12 13 8 2 41 410 146 1000 424 8072 746 total 70 109 72 81 12 118 30 50 10 14 31 187 207 1000 1000 19041 1658 estd. no. of migrants (00) 1338 2068 1373 1539 221 2250 566 956 193 258 594 3557 3947 19041 X X X sample no. of migrants 114 167 120 113 20 112 54 72 43 30 54 388 356 1658 X X X

Note: ‘all’ in col.15 includes ‘n.r’ cases of reason for migration


A-104

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural female

usual activity reason for migration (codes) per 1000 no. of migrants before migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all distribu- estd. sample tion of (00) migrants




A-105

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural person





A-106

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban male





A-107

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of mig rants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban female





A-108

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban person





A-109

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural male





A-110

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural female

usual activity reason for migration (codes) per 1000 no. of migrants before migration 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 all distribu estd. sample





A-111

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural person






A-112

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban male





A-113

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban female





A-114

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban person






A-115

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural male





A-116

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural female





A-117

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural person






A-118

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban male





A-119

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban female


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self - agriculture 5 21 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 399 560 11 1000 13 1078 118 employed non-agriculture 1 11 29 3 0 0 7 46 5 9 461 418 10 1000 15 1234 134 all 3 16 16 2 0 0 4 25 3 5 432 484 11 1000 27 2312 252 regular agriculture - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - employee non-agriculture 6 12 39 298 4 0 57 21 11 3 298 216 27 1000 25 2073 315 all 6 12 39 298 4 0 57 21 11 3 298 216 27 1000 25 2073 315 casual agriculture 13 91 0 0 0 10 0 58 9 0 601 212 7 1000 26 2190 205 labour non-agriculture 51 163 17 0 0 0 7 0 22 0 501 188 51 1000 7 560 66



A-120

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban person






A-121

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural male






A-122

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural female





A-123

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural person






A-124

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban male






A-125

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban female





A-126

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban person






A-127

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural male






A-128

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural female






A-129

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural person






A-130

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban male






A-131

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban female






A-132

Table (M5): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual activity category before migration all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban person






A-133

Table (M6): Per thousand distribution of migrants by location of last usual place of residence for each household monthly per capita expenditure class

all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 358 33 231 24 222 132 0 0 1000 77 4 1178 49 225-255 271 72 180 59 217 200 0 0 1000 43 3 656 21 255-300 293 230 178 15 19 264 0 0 1000 82 3 1257 49 300-340 459 39 184 116 42 66 78 15 1000 65 2 995 55 340-380 406 106 121 137 2 228 0 0 1000 40 2 614 48 380-420 383 61 294 101 3 157 0 0 1000 82 4 1257 63 420-470 587 137 84 66 33 93 0 0 1000 106 5 1621 62 470-525 486 155 69 62 47 161 18 0 1000 68 4 1035 63 525-615 309 63 149 164 67 248 0 0 1000 66 3 1012 73 615-775 402 118 101 124 126 83 46 0 1000 173 10 2651 148 775-950 491 76 69 106 156 31 71 0 1000 79 9 1204 98 950 or more 359 158 100 134 72 90 88 0 1000 119 14 1813 165 all classes 407 111 139 96 85 131 30 1 1000 1000 4 15293 894 estd. migrants (00) 6225 1691 2128 1462 1296 2011 465 15 15293 X X X X sample migrants 356 88 107 92 100 113 37 1 894 X X X X


A-134


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 554 24 186 0 236 0 0 0 1000 52 6 1586 65 225-255 587 31 169 0 144 69 0 0 1000 48 7 1453 58 255-300 598 118 159 7 50 68 0 0 1000 87 7 2648 114 300-340 657 31 167 104 33 7 0 0 1000 76 6 2313 118 340-380 629 68 165 58 58 18 5 0 1000 82 7 2517 133 380-420 582 75 232 37 15 59 0 0 1000 96 9 2926 157 420-470 720 61 120 57 5 29 0 9 1000 117 11 3581 148 470-525 639 98 194 13 45 10 0 0 1000 67 8 2048 130 525-615 610 22 195 82 34 58 0 0 1000 99 10 3015 173 615-775 587 121 152 81 20 38 0 0 1000 119 14 3630 236 775-950 548 181 151 33 17 48 22 0 1000 64 17 1959 143 950 or more 500 159 185 76 11 46 22 0 1000 94 26 2881 231 all classes 605 85 171 51 44 39 4 1 1000 1000 9 30557 1706 estd. migrants (00) 18493 2595 5239 1571 1330 1177 118 33 30557 X X X X sample migrants 1034 124 299 77 99 61 10 2 1706 X X X X


A-135


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 471 27 205 10 230 56 0 0 1000 60 5 2764 114 225-255 489 44 173 18 166 110 0 0 1000 46 5 2109 79 255-300 500 154 165 9 40 131 0 0 1000 85 5 3905 163 300-340 598 33 172 108 36 25 24 5 1000 72 4 3308 173 340-380 585 75 156 73 47 59 4 0 1000 68 4 3131 181 380-420 522 70 251 56 11 88 0 0 1000 91 6 4182 220 420-470 678 85 109 60 13 49 0 6 1000 113 8 5202 210 470-525 588 117 152 30 46 61 6 0 1000 67 6 3083 193 525-615 534 32 183 102 42 106 0 0 1000 88 7 4027 246 615-775 509 120 130 99 65 57 20 0 1000 137 12 6281 384 775-950 527 141 120 61 70 41 41 0 1000 69 13 3163 241 950 or more 446 159 152 98 35 63 47 0 1000 102 20 4694 396 all classes 539 93 161 66 57 70 13 1 1000 1000 7 45850 2600 estd. migrants (00) 24718 4286 7367 3033 2626 3188 583 49 45850 X X X X sample migrants 1390 212 406 169 199 174 47 3 2600 X X X X


A-136


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 380 46 340 196 22 16 0 0 1000 27 4 375 28 300-350 353 429 0 17 157 25 20 0 1000 31 6 432 36 350-425 231 84 484 53 110 21 0 17 1000 41 4 559 50 425-500 158 212 325 82 191 26 2 4 1000 96 10 1317 99 500-575 274 164 144 96 282 32 7 0 1000 75 8 1027 89 575-665 129 229 147 97 242 152 4 0 1000 99 11 1357 115 665-775 152 19 237 254 215 104 19 0 1000 122 14 1683 132 775-915 373 100 115 126 126 144 17 0 1000 98 12 1354 136 915-1120 152 101 146 264 207 98 32 0 1000 146 18 2007 194 1120-1500 317 120 144 190 126 96 6 0 1000 128 17 1760 196 1500-1925 161 156 187 239 67 186 4 0 1000 70 18 957 118 1925 or more 142 125 107 263 19 303 43 0 1000 68 22 943 132 all classes 218 135 185 173 164 109 14 1 1000 1000 11 13771 1325 estd. migrants (00) 3002 1856 2554 2389 2258 1500 197 15 13771 X X X X sample migrants 293 199 186 245 202 172 26 2 1325 X X X X


A-137


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 652 79 165 62 38 5 0 0 1000 54 9 805 58 300-350 503 204 107 87 68 32 0 0 1000 38 8 567 50 350-425 274 184 360 99 62 5 11 6 1000 51 6 754 68 425-500 212 228 190 123 187 59 0 0 1000 126 15 1879 133 500-575 237 134 176 148 201 85 19 0 1000 90 11 1341 133 575-665 149 248 171 153 200 63 0 16 1000 96 12 1437 138 665-775 270 60 276 243 98 53 0 0 1000 103 15 1542 121 775-915 258 125 182 281 60 92 0 2 1000 86 13 1283 126 915-1120 227 208 142 240 84 92 1 5 1000 123 20 1838 190 1120-1500 301 182 123 181 103 97 13 0 1000 107 18 1601 178 1500-1925 216 97 257 195 25 211 0 0 1000 64 22 957 98 1925 or more 163 154 178 224 23 184 74 0 1000 62 24 927 104 all classes 265 164 190 180 108 83 8 3 1000 1000 13 14933 1397 estd. migrants (00) 3951 2443 2833 2686 1618 1237 126 39 14933 X X X X sample migrants 368 251 214 259 155 133 12 5 1397 X X X X


A-138


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 565 68 221 104 33 8 0 0 1000 41 7 1180 86 300-350 438 301 61 56 106 29 9 0 1000 35 7 999 86 350-425 256 141 413 79 82 12 6 11 1000 46 5 1314 118 425-500 190 222 246 106 189 46 1 2 1000 111 12 3196 232 500-575 253 147 162 125 236 62 14 0 1000 83 10 2369 222 575-665 139 239 159 126 221 106 2 8 1000 97 11 2794 253 665-775 209 38 255 249 159 79 10 0 1000 112 14 3224 253 775-915 317 112 147 201 94 119 9 1 1000 92 13 2637 262 915-1120 188 152 144 253 148 95 17 2 1000 134 19 3845 384 1120-1500 310 150 134 186 115 97 9 0 1000 117 18 3361 374 1500-1925 188 126 222 217 46 198 2 0 1000 67 20 1915 216 1925 or more 152 139 142 244 21 244 58 0 1000 65 23 1870 236 all classes 242 150 188 177 135 95 11 2 1000 1000 12 28704 2722 estd. migrants (00) 6953 4299 5386 5075 3875 2737 322 54 28704 X X X X sample migrants 661 450 400 504 357 305 38 7 2722 X X X X


A-139


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 649 27 156 30 51 79 0 9 1000 55 15 4033 167 225-255 577 21 251 27 29 86 10 0 1000 34 12 2530 93 255-300 616 95 81 33 61 103 12 0 1000 73 13 5332 221 300-340 516 158 84 60 106 48 24 3 1000 73 13 5363 230 340-380 498 58 286 81 18 59 0 0 1000 87 16 6400 270 380-420 418 56 178 83 82 176 7 0 1000 72 15 5272 247 420-470 592 19 84 110 57 127 6 5 1000 81 17 5931 289 470-525 577 105 113 101 58 27 18 0 1000 83 21 6119 303 525-615 462 240 96 53 36 82 18 13 1000 101 23 7389 433 615-775 462 136 142 80 55 76 37 11 1000 119 32 8758 623 775-950 513 139 124 96 69 30 24 4 1000 83 47 6121 439 950 or more 342 152 212 120 66 71 30 8 1000 138 81 10144 799 all classes 499 113 149 79 58 78 18 5 1000 1000 21 73392 4114 estd. migrants (00) 36619 8297 10964 5810 4268 5741 1313 381 73392 X X X X sample migrants 1956 419 512 344 402 364 100 17 4114 X X X X


A-140


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 745 32 136 18 30 35 5 0 1000 60 51 13937 563 225-255 724 25 173 7 29 39 0 4 1000 50 52 11585 471 255-300 743 47 128 24 41 14 3 0 1000 101 58 23630 1005 300-340 687 66 166 24 46 7 4 0 1000 110 66 25550 1080 340-380 706 28 177 37 33 12 2 5 1000 109 69 25405 1179 380-420 663 47 194 26 47 19 2 2 1000 98 70 22795 1056 420-470 667 39 173 37 50 29 4 1 1000 96 68 22285 1099 470-525 651 55 206 45 28 14 1 0 1000 88 78 20593 1044 525-615 641 87 172 20 42 29 1 8 1000 105 83 24378 1341 615-775 614 86 194 35 36 28 1 6 1000 93 86 21703 1401 775-950 568 78 200 74 54 24 3 0 1000 44 90 10271 733 950 or more 444 121 232 83 48 56 13 3 1000 48 101 11095 868 all classes 664 58 177 33 40 23 3 3 1000 1000 70 233228 11840 estd. migrants (00) 154889 13438 41244 7683 9390 5290 686 608 233228 X X X X sample migrants 7768 629 2066 436 597 275 40 29 11840 X X X X


A-141


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 724 31 140 20 35 44 4 2 1000 59 33 17970 730 225-255 698 24 187 10 29 47 2 3 1000 46 33 14116 564 255-300 720 56 119 25 45 30 5 0 1000 94 36 28962 1226 300-340 657 82 152 30 56 14 7 1 1000 101 39 30913 1310 340-380 664 34 199 45 30 21 2 4 1000 104 42 31805 1449 380-420 617 49 191 36 54 48 3 2 1000 92 42 28067 1303 420-470 651 35 154 52 51 50 4 2 1000 92 42 28216 1388 470-525 634 66 185 57 35 17 5 0 1000 87 49 26712 1347 525-615 599 123 154 28 41 41 5 9 1000 104 52 31767 1774 615-775 570 101 179 48 41 42 11 7 1000 99 58 30462 2024 775-950 547 101 172 82 59 26 11 2 1000 53 67 16391 1172 950 or more 395 136 222 101 56 63 21 5 1000 69 90 21239 1667 all classes 625 71 170 44 45 36 7 3 1000 1000 45 306620 15954 estd. migrants (00) 191508 21735 52208 13494 13658 11031 1999 989 306620 X X X X sample migrants 9724 1048 2578 780 999 639 140 46 15954 X X X X


A-142


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 343 162 280 54 82 70 10 0 1000 26 27 2379 175 300-350 466 115 185 84 118 18 8 5 1000 25 32 2345 166 350-425 322 109 189 170 160 25 23 2 1000 55 40 5080 380 425-500 275 205 262 112 107 31 6 2 1000 81 55 7481 483 500-575 265 254 140 173 109 44 14 0 1000 82 61 7599 558 575-665 242 247 191 114 149 52 4 0 1000 88 64 8214 659 665-775 263 100 187 185 173 78 14 1 1000 98 75 9094 733 775-915 177 177 152 219 199 58 8 10 1000 111 93 10279 883 915-1120 178 167 191 146 196 100 21 0 1000 140 116 12989 1096 1120-1500 186 153 154 260 139 92 14 2 1000 148 134 13784 1305 1500-1925 122 126 126 374 72 173 3 5 1000 72 128 6693 680 1925 or more 93 89 104 385 46 278 5 0 1000 75 159 6932 679 all classes 217 163 173 203 140 89 12 2 1000 1000 76 92868 7797 estd. migrants (00) 20166 15169 16069 18862 13029 8290 1071 212 92868 X X X X sample migrants 1666 1267 1246 1472 1112 894 125 15 7797 X X X X


A-143


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 375 239 220 85 57 18 0 6 1000 42 48 4406 361 300-350 430 137 161 65 179 25 0 2 1000 46 67 4780 353 350-425 407 116 226 128 92 23 3 4 1000 89 77 9361 685 425-500 251 189 326 125 74 31 4 0 1000 108 88 11281 776 500-575 313 222 162 168 81 53 1 0 1000 109 97 11410 869 575-665 249 211 184 195 99 59 4 1 1000 97 88 10149 852 665-775 207 143 217 240 99 85 8 1 1000 105 104 10958 919 775-915 241 176 112 278 122 66 4 1 1000 97 105 10175 956 915-1120 160 253 193 179 95 110 8 1 1000 102 114 10647 953 1120-1500 181 198 115 313 60 127 0 5 1000 103 123 10771 1070 1500-1925 139 142 107 397 34 176 1 4 1000 51 121 5330 613 1925 or more 138 118 55 311 53 323 2 0 1000 51 138 5355 543 all classes 251 183 181 207 88 84 3 2 1000 1000 94 104622 8950 estd. migrants (00) 26289 19183 18925 21698 9189 8783 353 202 104622 X X X X sample migrants 2280 1685 1437 1767 747 964 45 25 8950 X X X X


A-144


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 363 212 241 74 66 37 4 4 1000 34 38 6785 536 300-350 442 130 169 71 159 23 3 3 1000 36 49 7125 519 350-425 377 113 213 142 116 24 10 4 1000 73 58 14442 1065 425-500 261 195 300 120 87 31 5 1 1000 95 71 18761 1259 500-575 294 235 153 170 92 49 6 0 1000 96 79 19009 1427 575-665 246 227 187 158 121 56 4 1 1000 93 75 18364 1511 665-775 232 124 203 215 132 82 11 1 1000 102 88 20051 1652 775-915 209 177 132 248 161 62 6 5 1000 104 99 20454 1839 915-1120 170 206 192 161 151 105 15 1 1000 120 115 23635 2049 1120-1500 184 173 137 283 105 107 8 3 1000 124 129 24555 2375 1500-1925 130 133 117 384 55 174 2 5 1000 61 125 12023 1293 1925 or more 112 102 83 353 49 298 4 0 1000 62 149 12287 1222 all classes 235 174 177 205 113 86 7 2 1000 1000 85 197490 16747 estd. migrants (00) 46455 34352 34994 40560 22218 17073 1424 413 197490 X X X X sample migrants 3946 2952 2683 3239 1859 1858 170 40 16747 X X X X


A-145


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 757 0 164 28 45 6 0 0 1000 44 7 1967 84 225-255 544 8 249 65 83 24 26 0 1000 36 8 1591 80 255-300 567 63 265 16 44 30 15 0 1000 60 7 2686 133 300-340 442 108 187 22 129 68 44 0 1000 81 9 3610 154 340-380 514 49 85 64 204 45 25 13 1000 74 8 3277 162 380-420 535 91 140 92 33 72 37 0 1000 74 10 3305 169 420-470 577 42 152 84 67 79 0 0 1000 85 11 3763 193 470-525 512 143 110 143 35 57 0 0 1000 84 13 3714 202 525-615 360 98 180 205 62 81 6 7 1000 123 17 5489 312 615-775 379 243 132 93 57 60 36 0 1000 123 20 5490 362 775-950 365 78 161 92 195 84 15 9 1000 83 28 3677 223 950 or more 435 131 152 113 90 61 17 1 1000 133 47 5906 435 all classes 472 104 158 96 87 61 19 3 1000 1000 13 44475 2509 estd. migrants (00) 20980 4647 7032 4278 3866 2719 833 121 44475 X X X X sample migrants 1199 260 332 232 239 190 50 7 2509 X X X X


A-146


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 788 16 152 10 25 6 0 3 1000 67 52 14243 618 225-255 715 16 207 16 40 4 0 2 1000 62 60 13191 582 255-300 757 19 177 16 25 1 3 1 1000 122 65 26234 1165 300-340 728 48 173 12 31 5 3 1 1000 114 63 24464 1116 340-380 737 33 156 18 51 4 3 0 1000 109 64 23349 1077 380-420 695 39 200 32 16 12 6 0 1000 99 66 21278 995 420-470 673 33 205 33 47 7 1 1 1000 105 69 22472 1071 470-525 681 51 183 22 52 10 0 1 1000 81 66 17318 943 525-615 646 40 196 51 41 20 2 5 1000 90 65 19299 1157 615-775 606 82 206 29 50 20 6 0 1000 80 68 17183 1088 775-950 569 45 210 63 76 34 3 0 1000 33 62 7061 544 950 or more 517 104 181 80 58 49 6 4 1000 38 73 8084 622 all classes 692 41 185 27 39 11 3 1 1000 1000 64 214177 10978 estd. migrants (00) 148302 8689 39696 5862 8446 2327 581 273 214177 X X X X sample migrants 7479 479 1969 336 512 153 35 15 10978 X X X X


A-147


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 784 14 154 12 27 6 0 3 1000 63 30 16210 702 225-255 697 15 211 21 45 6 3 2 1000 57 34 14782 662 255-300 739 23 186 16 27 4 4 1 1000 112 36 28920 1298 300-340 691 56 175 13 44 13 8 1 1000 109 35 28074 1270 340-380 709 35 147 24 70 9 5 2 1000 103 35 26626 1239 380-420 673 46 192 40 18 20 10 0 1000 95 37 24583 1164 420-470 660 34 197 40 49 17 1 1 1000 101 39 26235 1264 470-525 651 67 170 43 49 18 0 1 1000 81 38 21032 1145 525-615 583 53 192 85 46 33 3 5 1000 96 40 24787 1469 615-775 551 121 188 45 52 30 14 0 1000 88 43 22673 1450 775-950 499 56 193 73 117 51 7 3 1000 42 44 10738 767 950 or more 482 115 169 94 72 54 11 3 1000 54 59 13991 1057 all classes 654 52 181 39 48 20 5 2 1000 1000 38 258651 13487 estd. migrants (00) 169282 13336 46728 10140 12312 5046 1413 394 258651 X X X X sample migrants 8678 739 2301 568 751 343 85 22 13487 X X X X


A-148


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 254 151 384 77 100 28 2 4 1000 30 21 1865 155 300-350 350 180 200 101 87 80 2 0 1000 25 22 1578 134 350-425 403 93 250 71 122 27 35 0 1000 67 33 4175 293 425-500 318 104 259 136 136 44 1 3 1000 92 42 5714 352 500-575 199 189 187 123 217 69 14 2 1000 71 35 4382 339 575-665 246 209 217 124 166 31 7 0 1000 93 45 5756 457 665-775 245 179 210 157 125 64 17 3 1000 121 62 7512 594 775-915 175 91 177 232 215 94 15 2 1000 107 60 6657 624 915-1120 161 125 131 211 198 166 8 0 1000 137 76 8537 666 1120-1500 180 140 197 200 155 109 19 0 1000 138 83 8592 761 1500-1925 183 132 165 316 77 111 17 0 1000 66 79 4092 445 1925 or more 120 174 169 312 46 176 0 2 1000 52 74 3243 349 all classes 223 143 200 180 151 89 13 1 1000 1000 51 62102 5169 estd. migrants (00) 13863 8904 12409 11184 9367 5513 778 84 62102 X X X X sample migrants 1174 763 881 930 820 516 70 15 5169 X X X X


A-149


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 332 125 298 127 85 29 2 1 1000 70 64 5883 450 300-350 460 136 202 136 41 22 0 3 1000 50 59 4237 380 350-425 435 129 242 94 69 17 14 0 1000 102 70 8555 686 425-500 356 133 199 163 101 46 2 2 1000 112 74 9448 744 500-575 343 166 178 142 96 69 5 0 1000 96 69 8040 628 575-665 284 224 209 139 99 40 1 3 1000 103 75 8673 760 665-775 249 192 223 201 86 45 3 0 1000 113 90 9496 807 775-915 217 131 221 205 100 119 5 3 1000 85 74 7131 746 915-1120 209 201 134 206 83 166 0 1 1000 99 89 8324 728 1120-1500 147 155 153 283 109 125 28 0 1000 91 88 7658 701 1500-1925 176 215 131 292 38 137 11 1 1000 41 78 3442 409 1925 or more 97 173 138 393 15 181 0 2 1000 38 83 3219 300 all classes 284 165 198 185 84 76 6 1 1000 1000 76 84106 7339 estd. migrants (00) 23907 13874 16671 15531 7083 6420 517 102 84106 X X X X sample migrants 2022 1268 1246 1384 673 687 48 11 7339 X X X X


A-150


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 313 131 319 115 89 29 2 2 1000 53 43 7748 605 300-350 430 148 201 126 53 38 1 2 1000 40 40 5815 514 350-425 424 117 245 86 86 20 21 0 1000 87 51 12729 979 425-500 341 122 221 153 114 45 1 2 1000 104 58 15162 1096 500-575 292 174 181 136 139 69 8 1 1000 85 52 12422 967 575-665 269 218 212 133 126 36 3 2 1000 99 59 14429 1217 665-775 247 187 217 182 103 53 9 1 1000 116 75 17009 1401 775-915 197 112 200 218 155 107 10 2 1000 94 66 13789 1370 915-1120 185 163 132 208 141 166 4 1 1000 115 82 16861 1394 1120-1500 164 147 176 239 133 117 23 0 1000 111 85 16249 1462 1500-1925 180 170 149 305 59 123 14 0 1000 52 78 7533 854 1925 or more 109 174 154 352 30 179 0 2 1000 44 78 6461 649 all classes 258 156 199 183 113 82 9 1 1000 1000 63 146208 12508 estd. migrants (00) 37770 22778 29081 26715 16450 11932 1295 186 146208 X X X X sample migrants 3196 2031 2127 2314 1493 1203 118 26 12508 X X X X


A-151


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 623 22 165 59 56 61 13 0 1000 39 16 4172 182 225-255 584 34 160 65 27 57 73 0 1000 28 14 3011 149 255-300 620 46 162 40 42 69 23 0 1000 63 17 6790 313 300-340 527 42 190 60 95 42 43 0 1000 80 21 8558 426 340-380 574 65 149 65 38 54 49 6 1000 81 22 8681 383 380-420 572 74 177 53 42 27 47 8 1000 94 29 10025 461 420-470 497 55 203 67 88 43 39 9 1000 99 31 10567 543 470-525 490 51 160 110 77 55 54 3 1000 93 35 9979 585 525-615 466 69 214 55 81 42 56 16 1000 125 42 13381 726 615-775 456 61 247 49 51 77 59 1 1000 118 46 12667 868 775-950 426 73 127 65 132 103 71 3 1000 74 61 7909 572 950 or more 343 68 165 149 75 136 57 7 1000 106 90 11333 951 all classes 496 59 183 72 70 64 50 5 1000 1000 31 107073 6159 estd. migrants (00) 53153 6320 19634 7687 7479 6873 5351 576 107073 X X X X sample migrants 2910 378 1045 406 619 441 327 33 6159 X X X X


A-152


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 789 14 148 11 32 1 3 2 1000 60 208 57192 2415 225-255 779 16 151 9 31 5 7 1 1000 52 224 49650 2110 255-300 768 21 163 12 28 4 3 2 1000 106 250 100912 4391 300-340 761 21 166 13 32 2 5 1 1000 108 264 102732 4547 340-380 740 23 172 18 38 3 4 3 1000 105 273 99988 4543 380-420 735 25 185 16 31 3 4 2 1000 98 287 92886 4374 420-470 720 25 195 15 34 4 5 2 1000 102 295 96754 4627 470-525 701 31 193 27 34 6 6 1 1000 86 309 81554 4214 525-615 677 32 218 23 39 4 6 2 1000 102 328 96884 5284 615-775 692 43 189 23 36 9 7 1 1000 92 346 87171 5402 775-950 636 51 207 35 48 14 8 1 1000 44 362 41457 2886 950 or more 583 60 240 43 42 19 10 3 1000 43 369 40639 3330 all classes 722 28 184 19 35 5 5 2 1000 1000 283 947821 48123 estd. migrants (00) 684418 26769 174388 17797 32777 4945 5122 1606 947821 X X X X sample migrants 34168 1439 8912 902 1982 353 278 89 48123 X X X X


A-153


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 778 14 149 14 33 5 3 2 1000 58 114 61364 2597 225-255 768 17 152 12 31 8 11 1 1000 50 123 52662 2259 255-300 759 22 162 13 29 8 5 2 1000 102 133 107702 4704 300-340 743 23 168 16 37 5 8 1 1000 105 140 111290 4973 340-380 726 26 170 21 38 7 8 3 1000 103 144 108669 4926 380-420 719 29 184 20 32 5 8 2 1000 98 155 102911 4835 420-470 698 28 196 20 40 8 8 2 1000 102 159 107321 5170 470-525 678 33 190 36 39 12 11 1 1000 87 166 91534 4799 525-615 651 37 217 27 44 9 12 4 1000 105 180 110265 6010 615-775 662 45 196 27 37 17 14 1 1000 95 189 99838 6270 775-950 602 55 194 40 61 28 19 2 1000 47 202 49366 3458 950 or more 531 62 224 66 49 45 20 4 1000 49 221 51973 4281 all classes 699 31 184 24 38 11 10 2 1000 1000 154 1054894 54282 estd. migrants (00) 737571 33089 194022 25484 40256 11817 10473 2182 1054894 X X X X sample migrants 37078 1817 9957 1308 2601 794 605 122 54282 X X X X


A-154


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 302 56 348 109 161 11 12 0 1000 32 52 4606 357 300-350 419 41 272 66 153 25 22 3 1000 35 70 5063 341 350-425 292 88 278 75 171 64 26 5 1000 67 76 9618 719 425-500 246 104 342 91 151 43 20 4 1000 84 90 12106 929 500-575 260 81 283 121 166 56 32 1 1000 92 106 13111 1071 575-665 199 98 312 114 199 44 24 10 1000 105 118 15103 1189 665-775 191 97 296 162 187 53 11 3 1000 107 127 15401 1296 775-915 199 99 283 138 189 74 15 2 1000 110 142 15799 1404 915-1120 154 111 236 168 212 103 14 2 1000 125 160 17930 1618 1120-1500 157 108 205 221 178 110 21 1 1000 128 178 18316 1737 1500-1925 117 105 191 292 112 148 35 0 1000 59 162 8450 987 1925 or more 72 89 195 234 91 297 22 0 1000 54 178 7768 823 all classes 202 96 268 154 173 85 21 3 1000 1000 118 143270 12471 estd. migrants (00) 28980 13711 38351 21998 24745 12117 2955 411 143270 X X X X sample migrants 2477 1238 2691 1896 2423 1370 338 38 12471 X X X X


A-155


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 467 160 212 80 59 16 4 1 1000 70 199 18239 1499 300-350 509 123 195 69 67 29 6 2 1000 61 222 15921 1284 350-425 418 142 211 87 93 39 8 2 1000 103 219 26750 2325 425-500 340 158 261 118 81 33 7 2 1000 109 222 28355 2488 500-575 326 154 229 144 80 47 14 5 1000 104 231 27099 2417 575-665 315 153 244 134 90 51 8 5 1000 105 237 27384 2426 665-775 268 148 258 160 93 64 8 0 1000 100 246 25982 2395 775-915 248 159 229 182 80 88 13 1 1000 90 243 23511 2288 915-1120 206 166 233 199 95 93 5 2 1000 93 260 24196 2453 1120-1500 178 142 182 275 87 115 20 1 1000 86 257 22452 2419 1500-1925 125 143 160 292 97 163 20 0 1000 43 252 11121 1430 1925 or more 96 111 170 272 76 262 12 1 1000 37 248 9596 1170 all classes 303 150 223 158 84 70 10 2 1000 1000 235 260606 24594 estd. migrants (00) 78990 38965 58112 41141 21938 18282 2618 559 260606 X X X X sample migrants 7148 3801 4747 4094 2261 2216 278 49 24594 X X X X


A-156


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 434 139 240 86 80 15 5 1 1000 57 127 22845 1856 300-350 488 103 213 68 88 28 10 2 1000 52 146 20984 1625 350-425 384 128 229 84 113 46 13 3 1000 90 147 36368 3044 425-500 312 142 285 110 102 36 11 2 1000 100 154 40462 3417 500-575 305 130 247 137 108 50 20 3 1000 100 167 40210 3488 575-665 274 133 268 127 129 48 14 7 1000 105 175 42487 3615 665-775 239 129 272 161 128 60 9 2 1000 102 182 41383 3691 775-915 228 135 251 165 124 82 14 2 1000 97 189 39309 3692 915-1120 184 143 234 186 145 97 9 2 1000 104 206 42126 4071 1120-1500 169 127 192 251 128 112 20 1 1000 101 214 40767 4156 1500-1925 121 127 174 292 104 156 27 0 1000 48 204 19570 2417 1925 or more 85 101 181 255 83 278 16 1 1000 43 211 17364 1993 all classes 267 130 239 156 116 75 14 2 1000 1000 174 403875 37065 estd. migrants (00) 107970 52677 96463 63139 46683 30400 5574 970 403875 X X X X sample migrants 9625 5039 7438 5990 4684 3586 616 87 37065 X X X X


A-157


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 628 21 168 40 70 65 5 3 1000 47 43 11349 482 225-255 547 28 209 52 55 72 37 0 1000 32 37 7789 343 255-300 584 79 153 32 47 89 16 0 1000 67 40 16066 716 300-340 504 88 159 56 102 50 40 2 1000 77 46 18526 865 340-380 533 61 184 72 59 60 27 5 1000 79 49 18972 863 380-420 513 71 179 70 49 82 32 4 1000 83 58 19859 940 420-470 543 49 153 81 72 76 20 6 1000 91 63 21882 1087 470-525 519 88 133 111 63 52 32 1 1000 87 73 20847 1153 525-615 438 121 173 89 65 69 34 12 1000 114 86 27270 1544 615-775 438 122 181 73 60 74 47 4 1000 123 107 29567 2001 775-950 446 95 129 83 125 71 45 5 1000 79 145 18910 1332 950 or more 362 115 174 131 75 95 41 6 1000 122 233 29197 2350 all classes 487 87 165 80 70 72 33 5 1000 1000 69 240233 13676 estd. migrants (00) 116976 20956 39758 19237 16909 17343 7962 1093 240233 X X X X sample migrants 6421 1145 1996 1074 1360 1108 514 58 13676 X X X X


A-158


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 777 17 148 12 34 7 3 2 1000 61 316 86959 3661 225-255 756 17 165 9 35 11 5 2 1000 53 342 75879 3221 255-300 759 26 160 14 30 6 3 1 1000 108 380 153424 6675 300-340 742 33 167 16 34 4 4 1 1000 109 398 155059 6861 340-380 732 26 170 22 39 5 4 3 1000 106 413 151259 6932 380-420 714 31 190 20 31 8 4 2 1000 98 432 139884 6582 420-470 705 29 191 22 38 9 4 2 1000 102 443 145092 6945 470-525 689 39 194 29 36 8 4 1 1000 85 461 121514 6331 525-615 665 42 206 27 40 12 4 3 1000 101 486 143576 7955 615-775 665 58 191 28 37 14 6 2 1000 91 515 129687 8127 775-950 614 59 204 45 51 19 7 1 1000 43 530 60749 4306 950 or more 546 81 229 57 44 31 10 3 1000 44 570 62700 5051 all classes 706 36 183 23 36 10 5 2 1000 1000 426 1425783 72647 estd. migrants (00) 1006102 51491 260567 32913 51943 13739 6507 2520 1425783 X X X X sample migrants 50449 2671 13246 1751 3190 842 363 135 72647 X X X X


A-159


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-225 760 18 150 15 38 14 3 2 1000 59 182 98308 4143 225-255 737 18 169 13 37 17 8 2 1000 50 195 83669 3564 255-300 743 31 159 16 31 14 5 1 1000 102 210 169490 7391 300-340 717 39 166 20 41 8 8 1 1000 104 219 173585 7726 340-380 710 30 172 27 41 11 6 3 1000 102 226 170232 7795 380-420 689 36 188 27 33 17 8 2 1000 96 240 159743 7522 420-470 684 32 186 30 42 18 6 2 1000 100 248 166974 8032 470-525 664 46 185 41 40 15 8 1 1000 85 259 142360 7484 525-615 629 55 201 37 44 21 9 5 1000 103 278 170846 9499 615-775 623 70 189 36 41 25 14 2 1000 96 301 159254 10128 775-950 574 68 186 54 69 31 16 2 1000 48 325 79659 5638 950 or more 488 92 211 80 54 51 20 4 1000 55 390 91897 7401 all classes 674 43 180 31 41 19 9 2 1000 1000 244 1666016 86323 estd. migrants (00) 1123078 72447 300325 52150 68852 31082 14469 3613 1666016 X X X X sample migrants 56870 3816 15242 2825 4550 1950 877 193 86323 X X X X


A-160


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban male household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 306 102 337 92 123 30 9 1 1000 30 105 9224 715 300-350 416 101 226 74 133 32 15 3 1000 30 130 9418 677 350-425 322 94 255 98 156 45 27 3 1000 62 154 19432 1442 425-500 265 138 301 106 138 39 11 3 1000 85 197 26617 1863 500-575 252 153 220 136 163 54 22 1 1000 84 211 26119 2057 575-665 216 165 254 115 181 49 15 5 1000 98 239 30431 2420 665-775 220 112 244 172 171 65 14 3 1000 108 278 33689 2755 775-915 195 121 216 180 195 76 13 4 1000 109 307 34089 3047 915-1120 163 131 196 175 204 115 16 1 1000 133 371 41463 3574 1120-1500 178 130 184 228 159 103 17 1 1000 136 412 42451 3999 1500-1925 134 120 164 322 90 150 19 2 1000 65 388 20192 2230 1925 or more 91 105 153 304 63 270 13 1 1000 61 433 18886 1983 all classes 212 127 222 174 158 88 16 2 1000 1000 257 312011 26762 estd. migrants (00) 66012 39641 69383 54433 49398 27420 5001 722 312011 X X X X sample migrants 5610 3467 5004 4543 4557 2952 559 70 26762 X X X X


A-161


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban female household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 431 163 229 90 64 18 3 2 1000 63 321 29334 2368 300-350 486 129 188 79 84 27 4 2 1000 55 356 25505 2067 350-425 416 135 222 97 88 31 9 2 1000 98 373 45420 3764 425-500 318 163 261 128 87 36 5 1 1000 110 399 50964 4141 500-575 323 172 203 150 86 53 9 3 1000 103 409 47890 4047 575-665 290 181 223 149 97 51 6 4 1000 103 412 47643 4176 665-775 251 153 242 189 93 65 7 0 1000 103 453 47977 4242 775-915 241 157 198 212 93 88 9 1 1000 91 436 42100 4116 915-1120 197 195 201 197 93 111 5 2 1000 97 483 45004 4324 1120-1500 178 160 157 283 85 119 16 2 1000 92 486 42482 4368 1500-1925 141 153 146 314 68 164 13 1 1000 45 473 20849 2550 1925 or more 111 125 133 301 57 262 10 1 1000 41 493 19096 2117 all classes 287 160 208 175 86 75 8 2 1000 1000 418 464266 42280 estd. migrants (00) 133137 74465 96541 81057 39828 34722 3614 902 464266 X X X X sample migrants 11818 7005 7644 7504 3836 4000 383 90 42280 X X X X


A-162


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban person household location of last residence per no. of no. of migrants monthly same district other districts other states other n. r. all 1000 migrants estd. sample per-capita rural urban of the same state rural urban coun- dist. of per (00) expenditure rural urban tries migrants 1000 class (Rs.) persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 000-300 401 148 255 90 78 21 4 2 1000 50 215 38558 3083 300-350 467 122 198 78 97 29 7 2 1000 45 243 34923 2744 350-425 388 123 232 97 108 35 14 3 1000 84 261 64852 5206 425-500 300 154 275 121 105 37 7 2 1000 100 295 77581 6004 500-575 298 165 209 145 113 53 14 2 1000 95 307 74010 6104 575-665 261 175 235 136 130 50 9 5 1000 101 321 78074 6596 665-775 238 136 243 182 125 65 10 1 1000 105 360 81667 6997 775-915 220 141 206 198 138 83 11 3 1000 98 367 76189 7163 915-1120 181 164 199 186 146 113 10 1 1000 111 422 86467 7898 1120-1500 178 145 171 255 122 111 17 2 1000 109 446 84933 8367 1500-1925 138 136 155 318 79 157 16 1 1000 53 427 41041 4780 1925 or more 101 115 143 303 60 266 12 1 1000 49 461 37982 4100 all classes 257 147 214 175 115 80 11 2 1000 1000 334 776277 69042 estd. migrants (00) 199149 114107 165924 135490 89226 62143 8615 1624 776277 X X X X sample migrants 17428 10472 12648 12047 8393 6952 942 160 69042 X X X X


A-163

Table (M7): Per thousand distribution of migrants by usual principal activity category after migration for each usual activity category before migration

all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity

working une- not in labour force all 1000 migr- migrants

before self-employed reg.-employee casual labour total employed mplo- stud- others dist of ants per estimated sample migration agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. yed ents migr-

ants 1000

persons (00)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) self- agrl. 575 38 91 72 40 105 705 216 0 0 79 1000 51 0 969 117 employed non-agrl. 115 683 0 32 31 85 146 799 11 0 43 1000 71 0 1357 103 all 307 414 38 49 34 93 379 556 7 0 58 1000 122 1 2326 220 regular agrl. 263 2 349 272 0 0 612 274 85 0 29 1000 11 0 219 37 employee non-agrl. 94 64 18 625 22 51 134 740 57 2 67 1000 166 1 3168 272 all 105 60 40 603 20 47 165 710 59 2 64 1000 178 1 3387 309 casual agrl. 65 28 129 24 536 172 730 224 8 12 26 1000 127 1 2421 169 labour non-agrl. 103 36 0 12 175 642 278 690 32 0 0 1000 120 1 2292 171

all 84 32 66 18 360 400 510 451 19 6 13 1000 248 1 4713 340 employed agrl. 214 29 132 52 370 143 716 225 10 8 41 1000 190 1 3609 323

non-agrl. 102 178 8 301 75 256 185 735 39 1 40 1000 358 2 6817 546 all 140 126 51 215 177 217 369 558 29 3 40 1000 548 3 10426 869

unemployed 10 221 162 209 58 120 230 550 170 0 50 1000 29 0 543 43 not in students 3 22 4 57 6 2 13 81 44 818 44 1000 245 1 4662 394 labour others 28 17 25 39 17 20 69 75 15 119 722 1000 179 1 3410 352 force all 14 20 13 49 10 9 37 79 32 523 330 1000 424 2 8072 746 all 83 84 38 145 103 126 224 355 34 224 163 1000 1000 5 19041 1658 estd. migrants (00) 1579 1597 723 2753 1963 2405 4265 6755 653 4257 3111 19041 X X X X sample migrant 178 135 59 236 160 172 397 543 65 348 305 1658 X X X X


A-164


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 138 144 0 208 79 241 217 593 48 0 142 1000 49 1 1715 132 all 224 47 6 62 315 105 545 213 25 0 217 1000 179 2 6274 463



A-165


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year rural person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 109 171 7 282 76 253 191 707 41 1 60 1000 158 1 8531 678 all 172 97 34 157 229 175 435 429 28 2 107 1000 309 2 16700 1332



A-166

Table (M7) : Per thousand distribution of migrants by usual principal activity category after migration for each usual activity category before migration

all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 4 198 0 641 0 119 4 957 16 1 21 1000 323 4 5059 805 all 21 201 4 603 7 125 32 929 15 4 21 1000 446 6 6978 1031



A-167


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 0 149 0 358 7 88 7 596 122 9 266 1000 48 1 800 129 all 15 91 0 290 75 85 90 465 68 10 368 1000 86 1 1439 206



A-168


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 0 year urban person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 3 191 0 602 1 115 4 908 31 3 55 1000 181 3 5859 934 all 20 182 4 549 18 118 42 849 24 5 80 1000 260 4 8417 1237



A-169


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 117 217 17 328 72 198 205 743 20 1 31 1000 270 6 20104 1688 all 167 153 33 233 195 157 395 544 14 1 46 1000 462 10 34491 2765



A-170


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 42 221 3 157 110 135 155 513 39 7 285 1000 29 2 6662 481 all 250 46 5 27 360 39 615 112 8 3 262 1000 190 13 44222 2629



A-171


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years rural person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 98 218 13 285 81 183 192 686 25 2 94 1000 87 4 26766 2169 all 214 93 17 118 288 91 518 301 10 2 167 1000 256 11 78713 5394

unemployed 43 98 78 275 45 117 166 491 202 0 141 1000 12 1 3610 297 not in students 33 17 0 32 14 18 47 67 35 624 227 1000 125 6 38496 3008 labour others 76 15 1 5 60 6 137 26 4 71 761 1000 608 27 187019 13074 force all 69 15 1 10 52 8 122 33 9 166 670 1000 733 33 225515 16082 all 105 36 6 40 112 31 224 107 12 122 535 1000 1000 45 307838 21773 estd. migrants (00) 32442 11136 1843 12408 34591 9405 68876 32950 3614 37561 16483 7 307838 X X X X sample migrant 2354 923 152 1289 1816 568 4322 2780 335 2581 11755 21773 X X X X


A-172


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 3 227 1 598 2 120 6 945 14 3 32 1000 350 27 32638 3875 all 13 218 5 571 7 142 25 931 12 5 26 1000 450 34 41895 4881



A-173


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 2 187 0 369 13 74 15 630 32 11 312 1000 60 6 6232 870 all 18 136 1 255 54 110 73 501 23 12 392 1000 89 8 9319 1176



A-174


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 1 to 4 years urban person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 3 220 1 562 4 113 8 895 17 4 77 1000 196 17 38870 4745 all 14 203 4 514 16 136 34 853 14 7 93 1000 259 22 51214 6057



A-175


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)


all 114 67 16 56 465 239 596 362 0 3 39 1000 186 2 8344 572 emp loyed agrl. 240 131 38 97 368 62 646 290 0 6 57 1000 220 3 9886 771

non-agrl. 121 246 9 335 75 131 206 713 1 3 78 1000 269 3 12069 981 all 175 194 22 228 207 100 404 522 1 5 68 1000 489 6 21955 1752



A-176


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 80 382 0 177 76 55 156 613 7 1 222 1000 22 1 4635 327 all 256 63 4 32 402 31 662 126 2 0 211 1000 184 12 39285 2471



A-177


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years rural person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 110 284 7 291 76 110 192 685 3 3 118 1000 65 2 16704 1308 all 227 110 11 102 332 56 569 268 1 2 160 1000 237 9 61240 4223

unemployed 36 56 19 263 46 365 102 684 67 0 148 1000 9 0 2298 170 not in students 68 48 3 66 46 23 117 137 35 422 289 1000 82 3 21179 1793 labour others 95 24 2 7 90 6 186 38 3 70 703 1000 672 25 173830 12251 force all 92 27 2 14 85 8 179 49 7 108 658 1000 754 28 195009 14044 all 123 47 4 37 143 23 270 106 6 82 535 1000 1000 38 258547 18437

31920 12110 1029 9524 36983 5869 69932 27503 1556 21155 13840 2 258547 X X X X

sample migrant 2501 884 86 875 1970 378 4557 2137 133 1529 10081 18437 X X X X


A-178


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 3 285 1 567 2 90 6 943 4 0 47 1000 329 17 20654 2526 all 15 277 9 518 9 125 33 921 4 0 43 1000 454 23 28470 3283



A-179


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) self- agrl. 112 39 0 1 17 84 129 124 0 0 747 1000 13 1 1078 118 employed non-agrl. 6 540 0 23 18 13 24 576 11 22 366 1000 15 1 1234 134 all 55 306 0 13 18 46 73 366 6 12 544 1000 27 2 2312 252 regular agrl. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - employee non-agrl. 2 29 0 730 0 0 2 758 10 4 226 1000 25 2 2073 315 all 2 29 0 730 0 0 2 758 10 4 226 1000 25 2 2073 315 casual agrl. 0 94 18 10 177 151 196 255 0 0 549 1000 26 2 2190 205 labour non-agrl. 0 98 0 66 4 337 4 501 11 0 484 1000 7 1 560 66


non-agrl. 3 202 0 408 6 53 9 663 11 9 308 1000 46 3 3867 515 all 18 144 6 225 60 88 84 456 6 5 448 1000 85 6 7135 838



A-180


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 5 to 9 years urban person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 3 272 1 542 2 84 6 899 5 1 88 1000 167 10 24521 3041 all 16 251 8 459 19 118 43 828 4 1 124 1000 242 15 35605 4121



A-181


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 190 274 2 228 63 100 256 602 4 1 137 1000 235 7 25352 2110 all 273 165 16 126 200 76 489 367 3 3 139 1000 572 18 61788 4732



A-182


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 113 405 3 90 90 49 206 543 0 0 250 1000 15 4 14183 1030 all 295 48 3 11 355 17 654 77 1 1 268 1000 198 55 186452 11697

unemployed 66 26 36 60 191 39 294 126 113 0 467 1000 1 0 980 93 not in students 97 42 2 54 45 3 145 99 12 90 654 1000 16 5 15501 1413 labour others 140 28 1 8 101 8 243 44 1 6 706 1000 785 220 739755 52654 force all 140 28 1 9 100 8 241 45 1 8 705 1000 801 225 755256 54067 all 170 32 2 9 151 10 323 51 1 7 618 1000 1000 280 942688 65857 estd. migrants (00) 160559 30510 1684 8611 142061 9330 304304 48451 1166 6146 58262 0 942688 X X X X sample migrant 1 1 5 2 2 2163 146 724 7518 570 19186 3457 70 494 42650 65857 X X X X


A-183

Table (M7) : Per thousand distribution of migrants by usual principal activ ity category after migration for each usual activity category before migration

all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above rural person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 163 321 3 179 73 82 238 581 3 0 178 1000 38 6 39534 3140 all 290 77 6 40 317 32 613 149 1 1 236 1000 236 36 248240 16429

unemployed 85 128 34 403 102 86 221 617 24 0 138 1000 5 1 5514 434 not in students 137 109 13 138 61 40 212 287 39 103 359 1000 28 4 29499 2664 labour others 143 31 2 10 104 10 248 51 2 13 686 1000 730 112 767416 54810 force all 143 34 2 14 102 11 247 59 3 17 674 1000 758 116 796915 57474 all 177 45 3 22 153 16 333 83 3 13 568 1000 1000 153 1050669 74337 estd. migrants (00) 186223 47239 3475 23499 160448 16950 350146 87687 2834 13683 59631 9 1 0 5 0 6 6 9 X X X X sample migrant 13696 3650 289 1932 8532 1124 22517 6706 210 1143 43761 74337 X X X X


A-184


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 9 302 1 435 1 75 10 812 2 2 174 1000 289 34 41230 5166 all 24 287 4 412 13 101 42 800 2 1 156 1000 454 53 64846 7634



A-185


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 8 259 0 319 9 77 17 654 3 3 323 1000 35 8 9027 1213 all 48 159 3 163 98 106 149 428 1 2 419 1000 83 19 21444 2573



A-186


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: 10 years & above urban person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 8 294 1 414 3 75 11 783 2 2 201 1000 125 21 50257 6379 all 30 255 4 350 34 102 68 707 2 1 221 1000 214 37 86291 10207



A-187


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 145 241 9 287 69 153 223 681 12 1 82 1000 261 18 64342 5325 all 217 164 24 179 198 113 439 456 8 3 94 1000 522 37 128661 10118



A-188


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 92 339 2 129 92 83 186 551 14 2 247 1000 19 8 27194 1970 all 281 50 3 18 362 25 646 93 3 1 257 1000 194 82 276233 17260

unemployed 26 43 69 82 78 23 173 148 249 0 429 1000 2 1 2888 260 not in students 58 23 1 31 31 3 91 57 20 313 519 1000 34 15 49090 4306 labour others 123 25 1 7 92 7 216 39 2 16 727 1000 770 326 1096337 77941 force all 120 25 1 8 90 7 211 40 2 28 718 1000 804 341 1145427 82247 all 151 30 2 10 142 10 295 50 3 23 628 1000 1000 424 1424548 99767 estd. migrants (00) 215397 42597 2528 14265 202858 14722 420783 71583 4273 32721 89518 7 1 4 2 4 5 4 8 X X X X sample migrant 1 5 4 2 9 2995 202 1298 10707 891 26338 5184 353 2499 65393 99767 X X X X


A-189


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all rural person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 129 270 7 240 76 132 212 643 13 1 131 1000 55 13 91536 7295 all 261 86 10 69 310 53 580 208 4 2 206 1000 242 59 404894 27378

unemployed 59 109 50 327 72 150 181 586 95 0 138 1000 7 2 12038 958 not in students 70 51 5 71 35 24 110 147 36 432 275 1000 58 14 97634 8187 labour others 123 27 2 8 93 8 217 44 2 32 705 1000 692 168 1156524 82456 force all 119 29 2 13 88 10 209 52 5 63 671 1000 751 183 1254158 90643 all 153 43 4 29 142 21 299 94 5 48 554 1000 1000 243 1671089 118979 estd. migrants (00) 255189 72645 7113 48717 236953 35344 499255 156707 9002 79569 92655 7 1 6 7 1 0 8 9 X X X X sample migrant 1 8 9 8 4 5637 591 4387 12668 2293 32243 12317 777 5812 67830 118979 X X X X


A-190


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban male usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 5 268 1 526 2 95 8 890 7 2 93 1000 317 81 99581 12372 all 19 260 5 490 10 119 34 869 6 2 88 1000 452 116 142189 16829



A-191


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban female usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 5 221 0 353 10 72 14 646 19 7 314 1000 43 18 19926 2727 all 34 148 3 201 80 103 117 452 10 5 416 1000 85 35 39337 4793



A-192


all-India period since leaving last usual place of residence: all urban person usual principal activity after migration per no. of no. of

usual activity



agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.

agrl. agrl. non.


ants 1000

persons (00)



non-agrl. 5 260 1 498 3 91 9 849 9 3 130 1000 153 51 119507 15099 all 22 236 5 427 25 115 52 779 7 3 159 1000 233 78 181526 21622

unemployed 3 194 5 574 8 74 16 842 41 2 99 1000 43 14 33164 4001 not in students 4 94 1 174 1 25 6 293 31 480 190 1000 184 61 143361 17016 labour others 10 53 0 47 9 24 20 123 5 84 768 1000 541 180 421671 52421 force all 9 63 0 79 7 24 16 166 12 184 621 1000 725 241 565032 69437 all 11 109 2 181 12 47 25 338 12 134 491 1000 1000 333 779722 95060 estd. migrants (00) 8915 84985 1230 141315 9042 37013 19187 263 3 13 9253 104831 383138 779722 X X X X sample migrant 1152 10262 143 17320 971 3961 2266 31543 1222 11900 48129 95060 X X X X


A-193

Table (M8): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual principal work activity status and occupation after migration all-India rural male

usual occupation reason for migration (codes) no. of migrants status division 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 19 n.r. all estd. (00) sample

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) self - employed 0 - 1 85 229 104 18 5 0 14 72 45 11 34 199 173 11 1000 2931 203 2 72 293 128 24 6 2 26 18 17 13 61 164 160 18 1000 4858 484 3 46 0 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 31 755 0 1000 48 10 4 75 236 80 16 32 11 54 36 74 14 73 143 146 11 1000 9404 965 5 90 262 100 9 16 11 34 28 91 0 69 137 151 1 1000 3243 242 6 37 74 59 26 14 6 37 39 73 16 156 174 282 8 1000 38581 3421 7 - 9 116 160 91 16 37 7 43 38 72 6 93 164 158 1 1000 10317 838 x 44 16 104 2 0 267 159 6 53 16 141 144 40 8 1000 458 34 all* 61 138 76 22 19 8 39 37 68 13 120 166 225 8 1000 69840 6197 regular employee 0 - 1 110 44 199 394 52 13 21 21 9 1 21 52 57 6 1000 8134 821 2 2 7 54 426 1 1 309 47 1 0 69 31 42 12 1000 861 107 3 68 51 226 309 14 1 97 40 24 1 7 95 67 0 1000 7566 618 4 38 144 66 85 0 0 128 10 4 3 35 316 166 5 1000 1425 116 5 99 186 171 279 3 7 45 23 9 4 40 53 75 5 1000 4925 440 6 151 290 134 141 7 0 17 13 31 9 29 109 67 1 1000 3286 302 7 - 9 149 119 173 175 9 4 34 41 15 9 28 173 67 4 1000 12544 1044 x 90 102 1 402 0 9 46 0 0 0 216 3 130 0 1000 295 30 all* 111 112 178 261 17 5 53 31 15 5 27 113 69 3 1000 39037 3478 casual labour 0 - 1 473 0 221 0 0 0 52 0 0 0 240 0 13 0 1000 92 9 2 204 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 796 0 1000 63 2 3 0 6 48 0 152 0 0 35 262 0 86 128 182 101 1000 239 19 4 53 86 0 27 0 0 28 11 142 0 172 205 276 0 1000 489 33 5 76 179 141 0 18 0 80 61 115 0 118 154 57 1 1000 1334 118 6 111 173 48 10 6 2 40 44 41 14 157 178 170 7 1000 33382 1933 7 - 9 148 228 63 54 7 4 49 58 29 7 77 144 113 19 1000 18608 1198 x 54 283 118 0 0 0 0 16 23 0 46 259 202 0 1000 512 51 all* 122 191 56 25 7 2 43 49 40 11 127 166 150 11 1000 54718 3363 all worker 0 - 1 106 92 174 292 39 10 19 34 19 3 26 90 87 7 1000 11157 1033 2 63 247 115 84 5 1 68 22 14 11 62 142 149 17 1000 5782 593 3 66 50 220 298 18 1 93 39 31 1 10 95 78 0 1000 7853 647 4 69 218 75 25 27 9 62 31 68 12 73 167 154 10 1000 11318 1114 5 93 211 143 148 9 7 47 30 52 2 61 96 99 3 1000 9501 800 6 75 127 58 24 10 4 37 40 57 15 151 173 223 6 1000 75249 5656 7 - 9 141 179 103 82 15 5 43 48 36 7 66 159 111 4 1000 41469 3080 x 59 144 86 95 0 99 68 9 28 6 120 158 127 3 1000 1265 115 all* 93 150 94 80 15 5 44 39 46 10 100 154 163 6 1000 163595 13038 estd. no. of migrants (00) 15292 24496 15298 13117 2396 885 7180 6458 7587 1671 16391 25142 26728 953 163595 X X


A-194

sample no. of migrants 1234 1834 1257 1240 219 92 625 484 529 141 1148 2067 2079 89 13038 X X * : all includes ‘n.r.’ cases of occupation also Table (M8): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual principal work activity status and occupation after migration all-India rural female


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) self - employed 0 - 1 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 757 47 117 0 1000 854 74 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 12 0 14 0 837 109 17 6 1000 3998 326 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1000 9 1 4 11 21 1 1 0 0 8 4 16 0 817 92 27 3 1000 9445 779 5 7 10 4 3 0 0 6 0 9 0 760 181 17 3 1000 7230 427 6 2 4 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 952 20 12 2 1000 209143 15158 7 - 9 0 6 2 2 6 0 4 5 9 0 883 62 20 1 1000 22908 1559 x 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 958 17 19 1 1000 4408 100 all* 2 5 1 1 1 0 2 2 4 0 933 33 14 2 1000 257994 18424 regular employee 0 - 1 13 14 63 119 23 9 2 10 6 0 621 97 15 6 1000 7136 771 2 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 401 292 271 0 1000 82 7 3 0 0 55 115 30 0 22 0 26 26 568 104 42 13 1000 1674 135 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 0 0 499 40 0 0 1000 123 10 5 55 37 39 37 0 0 14 45 10 0 607 98 58 0 1000 3227 233 6 12 0 2 28 0 0 14 0 60 0 836 30 17 0 1000 2111 169 7 - 9 25 3 55 5 0 2 6 35 3 0 703 90 73 0 1000 2261 161 x 20 0 0 266 0 0 0 0 27 0 518 168 0 0 1000 178 14 all* 21 13 48 76 13 4 8 21 15 3 648 90 35 4 1000 16793 1500 casual labour 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 896 104 0 0 1000 131 10 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 823 118 47 12 1000 279 11 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 991 9 0 0 1000 70 5 5 17 0 19 0 0 0 0 5 27 0 761 72 65 34 1000 2750 168 6 8 9 2 2 0 0 1 6 8 1 893 38 27 4 1000 201517 10634 7 - 9 10 50 18 0 1 0 7 14 17 0 728 79 54 22 1000 12180 725 x 0 73 90 0 0 0 2 15 98 0 649 48 26 0 1000 652 45 all* 8 12 3 2 0 0 2 6 9 1 882 41 29 5 1000 217579 11598 all worker 0 - 1 19 13 56 104 20 8 2 9 6 0 640 92 26 6 1000 8121 855 2 1 4 1 0 1 0 11 0 14 0 828 112 22 6 1000 4081 333 3 0 0 47 98 25 0 19 0 22 22 608 105 42 11 1000 1962 147 4 11 20 1 1 0 0 8 9 16 0 814 90 26 3 1000 9638 794 5 21 14 19 11 0 0 7 12 13 0 725 140 37 2 1000 13207 828 6 5 7 2 2 0 0 1 4 6 0 923 29 20 2 1000 412770 25961 7 - 9 5 20 10 2 4 0 5 10 11 0 828 69 35 1 1000 37349 2445 x 4 9 11 9 0 0 1 2 13 0 905 26 19 1 1000 5239 159 all* 6 8 4 4 1 0 2 4 7 0 902 38 21 2 1000 492367 31522 estd. no. of migrants (00) 2728 4015 1874 1949 449 156 1009 2183 3239 223 443997 18919 10585 1044 492367 X X


A-195

sample no. of migrants 168 243 150 184 28 24 93 118 213 19 28187 1339 676 80 31522 X X Table (M8): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual principal work activity status and occupation after migration all-India rural person


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) self - employed 0 - 1 82 178 80 14 4 0 11 56 37 9 197 164 161 8 1000 3785 277 2 40 162 70 13 3 1 19 10 16 7 411 139 95 13 1000 8856 810 3 39 0 103 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192 27 639 0 1000 57 11 4 43 128 41 8 16 6 31 20 45 7 446 117 86 7 1000 18850 1744 5 32 88 34 5 5 3 15 9 34 0 546 168 59 2 1000 10473 669 6 7 15 10 5 2 1 7 7 14 3 828 44 54 3 1000 247723 18579 7 - 9 36 54 29 7 15 2 17 15 28 2 638 93 63 1 1000 33225 2397 x 7 2 10 0 0 25 16 1 5 1 881 29 21 2 1000 4866 134 all* 15 33 17 6 4 2 10 9 18 3 760 61 59 3 1000 327834 24621 regular employee 0 - 1 65 30 136 265 39 11 12 16 8 0 302 73 37 6 1000 15271 1592 2 2 6 49 389 4 1 282 43 1 0 98 53 62 11 1000 944 114 3 56 42 195 274 17 1 83 33 24 6 109 96 62 2 1000 9240 753 4 35 133 61 78 0 0 118 46 3 2 72 294 153 4 1000 1548 126 5 81 127 119 183 2 4 33 31 9 2 265 71 68 3 1000 8151 673 6 97 177 82 97 4 0 16 8 42 5 345 78 48 0 1000 5397 471 7 - 9 130 102 155 149 8 3 29 40 13 8 131 161 68 3 1000 14805 1205 x 64 64 1 351 0 6 29 0 10 0 330 65 81 0 1000 474 44 all* 84 82 138 205 16 5 40 28 15 4 214 106 59 4 1000 55830 4978 casual labour 0 - 1 195 0 91 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 625 61 6 0 1000 223 19 2 204 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 796 0 1000 63 2 3 0 3 22 0 70 0 0 16 121 0 483 123 109 53 1000 517 30 4 47 75 0 24 0 0 24 9 124 0 275 180 241 0 1000 559 38 5 36 59 59 0 6 0 26 23 56 0 551 99 62 23 1000 4084 286 6 23 33 8 3 1 0 7 11 13 3 789 58 48 4 1000 234899 12567 7 - 9 93 158 45 33 5 2 33 41 24 4 334 119 90 20 1000 30788 1923 x 24 165 102 0 0 0 1 15 65 0 383 141 103 0 1000 1164 96 all* 31 48 14 6 2 1 10 15 15 3 730 66 53 6 1000 272297 14961 all worker 0 - 1 69 59 124 213 31 9 12 24 13 2 285 91 61 6 1000 19278 1888 2 37 146 68 49 3 1 44 13 14 6 379 130 97 12 1000 9863 926 3 52 40 186 258 20 1 78 32 29 5 129 97 71 2 1000 9815 794 4 42 127 41 14 15 5 37 21 44 6 414 132 96 7 1000 20956 1908 5 51 97 71 68 4 3 23 19 29 1 447 122 63 2 1000 22708 1628 6 16 25 10 5 2 1 7 9 13 3 804 51 51 3 1000 488019 31617 7 - 9 77 104 59 44 10 2 25 30 24 4 427 116 75 3 1000 78818 5525 x 14 35 26 26 0 19 14 3 16 1 752 52 40 1 1000 6504 274 all* 27 43 26 23 4 2 12 13 17 3 702 67 57 3 1000 655961 44560 estd. no. of migrants (00) 18019 28511 17171 15066 2845 1041 8189 8642 10826 1894 460388 44060 37313 1997 655961 X X sample no. of migrants 1402 2077 1407 1424 247 116 718 602 742 160 29335 3406 2755 169 44560 X X


A-196

Table (M8): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual principal work activity status and occupation after migration all-India urban male




A-197

Table (M8): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual principal work activity status and occupation after migration all-India urban female




A-198

Table (M8): Per thousand distribution of migrants by reason for migration for each usual principal work activity status and occupation after migration all-India urban person




A-199

Table (M9): Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from village/ town for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment by educational standard (general) for each usual principal activity category

all-India scheduled tribe male rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*

usual principal activity of persons not literate primary secondary graduate all estimated sample status industry with place of literate but or or higher and (00) enumeration below middle secondary above as his upr primary (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 983 606 184 176 27 7 1000 2598 141 non-agri 993 468 24 168 341 0 1000 152 10 all 984 599 175 175 45 6 1000 2750 151 reg. employees agri 988 188 37 643 132 0 1000 18 5 non-agri 975 6 1 355 10 628 1000 238 18 all 977 19 3 375 19 584 1000 256 23 casual labour agri 987 646 177 122 51 0 1000 4313 184 non-agri 956 633 130 175 51 11 1000 2334 117 all 981 641 160 141 51 4 1000 6647 301 total employed agri 985 630 179 143 42 3 1000 6928 330 non-agri 971 570 113 190 63 64 1000 2724 145 all 982 613 160 157 48 20 1000 9652 475 unemployed X 978 0 0 88 661 251 1000 40 14 student X 980 1 536 378 84 0 1000 513 40 other not in lab. force X 975 972 28 0 0 0 1000 817 52 total not in lab. force X 978 598 224 146 32 0 1000 1329 92 all X 980 609 167 155 49 18 1000 11021 581 estd. no. of persons*(00) 361129 6709 1845 1710 535 202 11021 X X sample persons* 25500 332 87 111 35 15 581 X X *: Those persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from village/ town for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment Note: ‘all’ in col. 9 includes n.r. cases of ‘general educational standard’.


A-200

Table (M9): Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from

village/ town for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment by educational standard (general) for each usual principal activity category

all-India scheduled tribe female rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*

usual principal activity of persons not literate primary secondary graduate all estimated sample status industry with place of literate but or or higher and (00) enumeration below middle secondary above as his upr primary (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 988 916 36 21 14 0 1000 1527 85 non-agri 999 0 0 0 0 1000 1000 0 1 all 989 916 36 21 14 0 1000 1527 86 reg. employees agri 1000 - - - - - - - - non-agri 995 0 49 951 0 0 1000 36 3 all 997 0 49 951 0 0 1000 36 3 casual labour agri 986 919 81 0 0 0 1000 1908 84 non-agri 896 896 35 50 19 0 1000 936 45 all 979 912 66 16 6 0 1000 2844 129 total employed agri 987 918 61 9 6 0 1000 3435 169 non-agri 956 863 35 83 18 0 1000 972 49 all 984 906 55 26 9 0 1000 4407 218 unemployed X 999 825 0 0 175 0 1000 74 4 student X 983 0 623 362 15 0 1000 560 38 other not in lab. force X 973 929 21 34 6 0 1000 2136 113 total not in lab. force X 975 736 146 103 8 0 1000 2695 151 all X 979 841 89 54 10 0 1000 7177 373 estd. no. of persons*(00) 350661 6038 637 389 73 0 7177 X X sample persons* 24687 285 43 31 11 1 373 X X


A-201



all-India scheduled tribe person rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*

usual principal activity of persons not literate primary secondary graduate all estimated sample status industry with place of literate but or or higher and (00) enumeration below middle secondary above as his upr

primary

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 985 721 129 119 22 4 1000 4124 226 non-agri 995 467 24 168 340 1 1000 152 11 all 986 712 125 120 34 4 1000 4276 237 reg. employees agri 992 188 37 643 132 0 1000 18 5 non-agri 979 5 7 433 9 546 1000 273 21 all 981 17 9 446 16 512 1000 292 26 casual labour agri 987 730 147 84 35 0 1000 6221 268 non-agri 942 709 103 139 42 8 1000 3271 162 all 980 722 132 103 37 3 1000 9491 430 total employed agri 986 725 140 99 30 2 1000 10363 499 non-agri 967 647 92 162 51 47 1000 3696 194 all 983 705 127 116 36 14 1000 14059 693 unemployed X 983 538 0 31 344 87 1000 114 18 student X 981 1 582 370 48 0 1000 1072 78 other not in lab. force X 974 941 23 25 4 0 1000 2952 165 total not in lab. force X 976 691 172 117 16 0 1000 4025 243 all X 979 701 136 115 33 11 1000 18198 954 estd. no. of persons*(00) 711790 12748 2481 2099 608 202 18198 X X sample persons* 50187 617 130 142 46 16 954 X X


A-202



all-India scheduled tribe male urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*

usual principal activity of persons not literate primary secondary graduate all estimated sample status industry with place of literate but or or higher and (00) enumeration below middle secondary above as his upr primary

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 969 0 0 0 1000 0 1000 13 1 non-agri 985 211 752 30 7 0 1000 57 8 all 983 171 611 24 194 0 1000 70 9 reg. employees agri 1000 0 0 0 1000 0 1000 0 1 non-agri 973 65 0 432 503 0 1000 45 16 all 973 64 0 429 507 0 1000 46 17 casual labour agri 945 - - - - - - - - non-agri 992 579 138 185 99 0 1000 167 10 all 980 579 138 185 99 0 1000 167 10 total employed agri 956 0 0 0 1000 0 1000 14 2 non-agri 981 414 245 194 147 0 1000 269 34 all 978 394 233 184 188 0 1000 283 36 unemployed X 984 - - - - - - - - student X 963 0 65 797 138 0 1000 96 10 other not in lab. force X 974 946 0 0 0 54 1000 79 10 total not in lab. force X 968 425 36 439 76 24 1000 175 20 all X 973 406 158 282 145 9 1000 458 56 estd. no. of persons*(00) 45090 186 72 129 67 4 458 X X sample persons* 7960 16 7 15 16 2 56 X X


A-203



all-India scheduled tribe female urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 983 - - - - - - - - non-agri 979 317 0 0 683 0 1000 60 3 all 980 317 0 0 683 0 1000 60 3 reg. employees agri 1000 - - - - - - - - non-agri 994 168 0 777 55 0 1000 33 4 all 994 168 0 777 55 0 1000 33 4 casual labour agri 980 - - - - - - - - non-agri 974 417 0 0 583 0 1000 10 3 all 977 417 0 0 583 0 1000 10 3 total employed agri 981 - - - - - - - - non-agri 983 279 0 247 474 0 1000 102 10 all 982 279 0 247 474 0 1000 102 10 unemployed X 998 0 0 0 0 1000 1000 1 1 student X 977 0 41 109 67 783 1000 25 5 other not in lab. force X 978 607 226 105 62 0 1000 170 17 total not in lab. force X 978 529 203 106 62 101 1000 195 22 all X 979 441 132 154 203 69 1000 299 33 estd. no. of persons*(00) 43228 132 40 46 61 21 299 X X sample persons* 7756 11 3 7 10 2 33 X X


A-204

Table (M9): Per thousand distribut ion of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from


all-India scheduled tribe person urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 974 0 0 0 1000 0 1000 13 1 non-agri 983 265 368 15 352 0 1000 117 11 all 982 238 330 13 418 0 1000 130 12 reg. employees agri 1000 0 0 0 1000 0 1000 0 1 non-agri 977 108 0 576 316 0 1000 78 20 all 977 107 0 573 320 0 1000 78 21 casual labour agri 962 - - - - - - - - non-agri 987 570 130 174 126 0 1000 177 13 all 979 570 130 174 126 0 1000 177 13 total employed agri 967 0 0 0 1000 0 1000 14 2 non-agri 982 377 178 208 237 0 1000 372 44 all 979 363 171 201 264 0 1000 385 46 unemployed X 987 0 0 0 0 1000 1000 1 1 student X 969 0 60 655 123 162 1000 121 15 other not in lab. force X 977 714 155 72 42 17 1000 249 27 total not in lab. force X 974 480 124 263 69 65 1000 370 42 all X 976 420 148 231 168 33 1000 756 89 estd. no. of persons*(00) 88318 318 112 175 127 25 756 X X sample persons* 15716 27 10 22 26 4 89 X X


A-205



all-India scheduled caste male rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-206



all-India scheduled caste female rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 990 875 62 8 29 0 1000 398 27 non-agri 986 1000 0 0 0 0 1000 155 4 all 989 910 44 6 21 0 1000 553 31 reg. employees agri 994 - - - - - - - - non-agri 980 321 0 0 0 679 1000 23 2 all 984 321 0 0 0 679 1000 23 2 casual labour agri 988 873 74 54 0 0 1000 1747 63 non-agri 963 986 0 0 14 0 1000 400 19 all 986 894 60 44 3 0 1000 2146 82 total employed agri 988 873 71 45 5 0 1000 2144 90 non-agri 979 963 0 0 10 27 1000 579 25 all 987 892 56 36 6 6 1000 2723 115 unemployed X 1000 0 0 0 1000 0 1000 30 1 student X 994 95 452 383 7 63 1000 779 38 other not in lab. force X 991 765 49 137 32 10 1000 3559 153 total not in lab. force X 992 645 121 181 28 19 1000 4338 191 all X 991 737 96 124 23 14 1000 7090 307 estd. no. of persons*(00) 701350 5227 680 881 166 100 7090 X X sample persons* 31271 222 32 39 8 4 307 X X


A-207



all-India scheduled caste person rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-208



all-India scheduled caste male urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-209



all-India scheduled caste female urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 989 - - - - - - - - non-agri 991 235 307 458 0 0 1000 33 3 all 991 235 307 458 0 0 1000 33 3 reg. employees agri 1000 - - - - - - - - non-agri 970 274 0 681 46 0 1000 90 7 all 971 274 0 681 46 0 1000 90 7 casual labour agri 987 591 409 0 0 0 1000 23 3 non-agri 985 802 0 198 0 0 1000 49 6 all 985 734 132 134 0 0 1000 72 9 total employed agri 988 591 409 0 0 0 1000 23 3 non-agri 981 416 59 501 24 0 1000 172 16 all 983 437 101 441 21 0 1000 195 19 unemployed X 977 - - - - - - - - student X 979 5 768 163 58 0 1000 199 18 other not in lab. force X 985 473 109 345 73 0 1000 482 51 total not in lab. force X 983 336 301 292 69 0 1000 680 69 all X 983 359 257 325 58 0 1000 876 88 estd. no. of persons*(00) 157927 314 225 285 51 0 876 X X sample persons* 13671 35 17 27 8 0 88 X X


A-210



all-India scheduled caste person urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-211



all-India other back ward class male rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-212



all-India other back ward class female rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-213



all-India other back ward class person rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-214



all-India other back ward class male urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 991 377 25 243 230 126 1000 107 10 non-agri 980 188 65 564 132 51 1000 1717 86 all 981 199 63 545 138 56 1000 1824 96 reg. employees agri 974 898 0 28 74 0 1000 11 12 non-agri 979 129 66 253 405 147 1000 1240 114 all 979 136 65 251 402 146 1000 1251 126 casual labour agri 990 883 0 117 0 0 1000 129 10 non-agri 987 300 55 446 189 9 1000 651 47 all 988 397 46 392 158 8 1000 781 57 total employed agri 990 665 11 167 103 54 1000 247 32 non-agri 981 188 63 436 236 77 1000 3609 247 all 982 219 60 419 227 75 1000 3856 279 unemployed X 986 0 184 270 411 136 1000 150 18 student X 990 47 729 151 67 6 1000 1269 66 other not in lab. force X 976 891 33 9 57 11 1000 1086 52 total not in lab. force X 984 436 408 85 62 8 1000 2355 118 all X 983 294 192 292 171 52 1000 6360 415 estd. no. of persons*(00) 372801 1870 1220 1856 1085 330 6360 X X samp le persons* 33258 107 56 124 95 33 415 X X


A-215



all-India other back ward class female urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-216



all-India other back ward class person urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-217



all-India social group: other male rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-218



all-India social group: other female rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*

usual principal activity of persons not literate primary secondary graduate all estimated sample status industry with place of literate but or or higher and (00) enumeration below middle secondary above as his upr

primary

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 995 633 34 191 142 0 1000 896 52 non-agri 985 89 258 358 295 0 1000 178 12 all 993 543 71 219 168 0 1000 1074 64 reg. emp loyees agri 971 - - - - - - - - non-agri 978 19 135 0 667 179 1000 59 8 all 977 19 135 0 667 179 1000 59 8 casual labour agri 995 814 88 42 56 0 1000 627 23 non-agri 993 538 462 0 0 0 1000 32 2 all 995 801 106 40 53 0 1000 658 25 total employed agri 994 707 56 130 107 0 1000 1522 75 non-agri 984 127 255 238 342 39 1000 269 22 all 993 620 86 146 142 6 1000 1791 97 unemployed X 985 0 0 160 501 339 1000 189 10 student X 992 60 449 450 39 0 1000 1203 71 other not in lab. force X 989 606 50 236 76 16 1000 4250 249 total not in lab. force X 990 485 138 283 68 12 1000 5453 320 all X 990 506 122 247 97 19 1000 7433 427 estd. no. of persons*(00) 1020175 3757 906 1834 718 141 7433 X X sample persons* 59362 194 62 100 51 14 427 X X


A-219



all-India social group: other person rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-220



all-India social group: other male urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-221



all-India social group: other female urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-222



all-India social group: other person urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-223



all-India social group: all male rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-224



all-India social group: all female rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-225



all-India social group: all person rural per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-226



all-India social group: all male urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-227



all-India social group: all female urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*




A-228



all-India social group: all person urban per 1000 no. general educational standard no. of persons*

usual principal activity of persons not literate primary secondary graduate all estimated sample status industry with place of literate but or or higher and (00) enumeration below middle secondary above as his upr primary (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) self employed agri 990 190 12 368 367 62 1000 217 20 non-agri 985 202 101 404 214 79 1000 3608 282 all 986 201 96 402 223 78 1000 3824 302 reg. employees agri 985 791 0 24 98 86 1000 12 14 non-agri 983 106 39 269 361 223 1000 4282 398 all 983 108 38 269 360 222 1000 4294 412 casual labour agri 984 772 101 127 0 0 1000 285 27 non-agri 984 428 102 369 97 4 1000 1717 144 all 984 477 102 335 83 3 1000 2002 171 total employed agri 987 527 61 227 157 28 1000 514 61 non-agri 984 199 73 338 259 130 1000 9606 824 all 984 216 73 332 254 125 1000 10120 885 unemployed X 981 26 48 363 279 284 1000 817 80 student X 987 51 430 268 167 62 1000 4780 389 other not in lab. force X 983 513 85 238 120 38 1000 8467 624 total not in lab. force X 985 346 209 249 137 47 1000 13247 1013 all X 985 281 147 287 190 87 1000 24184 1978 estd. no. of persons*(00) 2291028 6795 3548 6951 4606 2110 24184 X X

sample persons* 221650 477 264 550 439 232 1978 X X

*: Those persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from village/ town for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment


A-229

Table (M10): Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from village/ town for 60 days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category

all-India scheduled tribe male rural

no. per 1000 MPCE classes ( Rs.) no. of persons*

usual principal activity persons stay- 0 225 255 300 340 380 420 470 525 615 775 950 all estimated sample status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 225 255 300 340 380 420 470 525 615 775 950 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 29 169 79 48 138 143 206 79 35 80 20 3 2 1000 2598 141 non-agri 16 509 0 0 0 0 24 125 0 0 0 342 0 1000 152 10 all 28 188 74 45 130 135 196 81 33 76 19 21 1 1000 2750 151 reg employees agri 8 151 0 643 0 0 0 0 0 206 0 0 0 1000 18 5 non-agri 23 0 0 49 150 119 0 0 137 0 215 54 276 1000 238 18 all 20 11 0 91 139 110 0 0 127 15 200 51 257 1000 256 23 casual labour agri 58 276 163 178 143 105 29 47 19 28 6 7 0 1000 4313 184 non-agri 135 308 83 104 108 128 117 57 48 38 9 0 0 1000 2334 117 all 73 287 135 152 130 113 60 50 29 32 7 5 0 1000 6647 301 total employed agri 42 236 131 130 140 119 95 59 25 48 11 6 1 1000 6928 330 non-agri 74 292 71 94 106 120 101 56 53 33 26 24 24 1000 2724 145 all 47 252 114 120 131 119 97 58 33 44 15 11 7 1000 9652 475 unemployed X 16 0 0 0 545 0 15 0 73 108 56 144 60 1000 40 14 student X 7 24 0 0 115 251 104 51 131 67 231 25 0 1000 513 40 other not in lab. force X 10 190 128 280 76 100 148 0 64 0 11 0 3 1000 817 52 total not in lab. force X 8 126 79 172 91 158 131 20 90 26 96 10 2 1000 1329 92 all X 30 236 109 126 127 124 101 53 40 42 25 11 7 1000 11021 581 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 2596 1204 1385 1403 1364 1112 584 436 461 278 122 75 11021 X X sample persons* X 131 63 66 68 61 51 28 26 23 29 24 11 581 X X



A-230

Table (M10): Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from village/ town for 60

days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled tribe female rural

no. per 1000 MPCE classes ( Rs.) no. of persons* usual principal activity persons stay- 0 225 255 300 340 380 420 470 525 615 775 950 all estimated sample

status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 225 255 300 340 380 420 470 525 615 775 950 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 25 240 81 53 56 186 150 95 50 69 14 5 1 1000 1527 85 non-agri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 1000 0 1 all 23 240 81 53 56 186 150 95 50 69 14 5 1 1000 1527 86 reg employees agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 14 0 0 0 29 21 0 0 0 0 951 0 0 1000 36 3 all 11 0 0 0 29 21 0 0 0 0 951 0 0 1000 36 3 casual labour agri 32 311 158 178 90 113 28 37 19 48 0 17 0 1000 1908 84 non-agri 181 425 76 230 74 73 50 37 0 35 0 0 0 1000 936 45 all 43 349 131 195 85 100 35 37 13 44 0 11 0 1000 2844 129 total employed agri 28 279 124 123 75 146 82 63 33 57 6 12 0 1000 3435 169 non-agri 77 410 74 221 72 71 48 36 0 33 35 0 0 1000 972 49 all 33 308 113 144 75 129 74 57 26 52 13 9 0 1000 4407 218 unemployed X 105 0 268 557 0 169 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1000 74 4 student X 10 22 0 46 98 152 0 199 283 85 96 20 0 1000 560 38 other not in lab. force X 13 201 91 209 123 122 69 32 75 47 26 2 3 1000 2136 113 total not in lab. force X 12 164 72 175 118 128 55 67 118 55 40 5 2 1000 2695 151 all X 20 251 99 160 90 129 66 60 60 53 23 8 1 1000 7177 373 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 1799 712 1150 647 928 476 430 431 378 165 54 7 7177 X X sample persons* X 86 39 47 38 42 19 22 22 16 20 16 6 373 X X


A-231


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled tribe person rural


status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 225 255 300 340 380 420 470 525 615 775 950 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 27 196 79 50 108 159 185 85 40 76 17 4 1 1000 4124 226 non-agri 11 509 0 0 0 0 24 125 0 0 0 341 1 1000 152 11 all 26 207 76 48 104 153 180 86 39 73 17 16 1 1000 4276 237 reg employees agri 6 151 0 643 0 0 0 0 0 206 0 0 0 1000 18 5 non-agri 21 0 0 43 134 106 0 0 119 0 312 47 240 1000 273 21 all 18 9 0 80 125 99 0 0 111 13 292 44 225 1000 292 26 casual labour agri 46 287 161 178 127 108 29 44 19 34 4 10 0 1000 6221 268 non-agri 146 342 81 140 98 112 98 51 34 37 6 0 0 1000 3271 162 all 61 306 134 165 117 109 52 46 24 35 5 7 0 1000 9491 430 total employed agri 36 250 128 128 119 128 91 60 27 51 9 8 1 1000 10363 499 non-agri 75 323 72 127 97 107 87 51 39 33 29 18 18 1000 3696 194 all 42 269 114 128 113 123 90 57 30 46 15 10 5 1000 14059 693 unemployed X 35 0 175 363 190 110 5 0 25 38 23 50 21 1000 114 18 student X 8 23 0 24 106 199 50 128 210 76 161 22 0 1000 1072 78 other not in lab. force X 12 198 101 229 110 116 91 23 72 34 22 1 3 1000 2952 165 total not in lab. force X 10 151 74 174 109 138 80 51 109 45 59 7 2 1000 4025 243 all X 25 242 105 139 113 126 87 56 48 46 24 10 5 1000 18198 954 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 4395 1916 2536 2050 2292 1588 1014 867 839 443 177 82 18198 X X sample persons* X 217 102 113 106 103 70 50 48 39 49 40 17 954 X X


A-232


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled tribe male urban


status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 300 350 425 500 575 665 775 915 1120 1500 1925 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)

self employed agri 14 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 13 1 non-agri 11 0 0 233 211 0 0 0 0 2 547 7 0 1000 57 8 all 11 0 0 189 171 0 188 0 0 2 444 6 0 1000 70 9 reg employees agri 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1000 0 1 non-agri 5 0 23 0 87 0 308 23 95 0 463 0 0 1000 45 16 all 5 0 23 0 86 0 306 23 94 9 459 0 0 1000 46 17 casual labour agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 33 117 401 105 0 226 0 0 152 0 0 0 0 1000 167 10 all 24 117 401 105 0 226 0 0 152 0 0 0 0 1000 167 10 total employed agri 5 0 0 0 0 0 971 0 0 29 0 0 0 1000 14 2 non-agri 14 72 252 115 59 140 52 4 110 1 194 1 0 1000 269 34 all 13 69 240 109 57 133 96 4 105 2 185 1 0 1000 283 36 unemployed X 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - student X 7 43 0 283 22 0 413 41 0 0 197 0 0 1000 96 10 other not in lab. force X 8 456 0 0 0 479 0 0 21 0 43 0 0 1000 79 10 total not in lab. force X 7 229 0 156 12 216 227 23 10 0 128 0 0 1000 175 20 all X 10 130 148 127 40 165 146 11 68 1 163 1 0 1000 458 56 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 59 68 58 18 75 67 5 31 1 75 0 0 458 X X sample persons* X 12 3 3 5 2 7 5 5 3 10 1 0 56 X X


A-233


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled tribe female urban


status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 300 350 425 500 575 665 775 915 1120 1500 1925 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 317 653 0 1000 60 3 all 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 317 653 0 1000 60 3 reg employees agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 15 168 0 0 0 0 0 0 828 0 4 0 0 1000 33 4 all 15 168 0 0 0 0 0 0 828 0 4 0 0 1000 33 4 casual labour agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 5 417 0 0 583 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 10 3 all 3 417 0 0 583 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 10 3 total employed agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 17 94 0 0 57 0 0 0 280 0 187 382 0 1000 102 10 all 13 94 0 0 57 0 0 0 280 0 187 382 0 1000 102 10 unemployed X 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 1000 1 1 student X 2 0 0 0 41 0 0 861 67 0 31 0 0 1000 25 5 other not in lab. force X 7 91 6 0 94 221 156 0 189 0 243 0 0 1000 170 17 total not in lab. force X 5 79 5 0 87 193 136 111 173 0 216 0 0 1000 195 22 all X 7 84 3 0 77 126 89 72 213 0 205 131 0 1000 299 33 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 25 1 0 23 38 26 22 64 0 61 39 0 299 X X sample persons* X 6 1 0 6 1 2 2 7 0 7 1 0 33 X X


A-234


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled tribe person urban


status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 300 350 425 500 575 665 775 915 1120 1500 1925 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 9 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 13 1 non-agri 17 0 0 114 103 0 0 0 15 1 430 337 0 1000 117 11 all 15 0 0 102 92 0 102 0 14 1 386 303 0 1000 130 12 reg employees agri 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 1000 0 1 non-agri 7 70 13 0 51 0 180 14 401 0 272 0 0 1000 78 20 all 7 70 13 0 51 0 179 14 399 5 270 0 0 1000 78 21 casual labour agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 25 134 378 99 33 213 0 0 143 0 0 0 0 1000 177 13 all 17 134 378 99 33 213 0 0 143 0 0 0 0 1000 177 13 total employed agri 3 0 0 0 0 0 971 0 0 29 0 0 0 1000 14 2 non-agri 15 78 182 83 59 101 38 3 157 0 192 106 0 1000 372 44 all 13 75 176 80 57 98 71 3 151 1 186 102 0 1000 385 46 unemployed X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 1000 1 1 student X 5 34 0 225 26 0 328 211 14 0 163 0 0 1000 121 15 other not in lab. force X 7 207 4 0 64 303 106 0 136 0 180 0 0 1000 249 27 total not in lab. force X 6 150 3 74 52 204 179 69 96 0 174 0 0 1000 370 42 all X 8 112 91 77 54 149 124 35 125 1 180 52 0 1000 756 89 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 85 69 58 41 113 93 27 95 1 136 39 0 756 X X sample persons* X 18 4 3 11 3 9 7 12 3 17 2 0 89 X X


A-235


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled caste male rural




A-236


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled caste female rural




A-237


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled caste person rural




A-238


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled caste male urban




A-239


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled caste female urban


status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 300 350 425 500 575 665 775 915 1120 1500 1925 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 5 0 0 458 0 0 0 0 0 307 235 0 0 1000 33 3 all 4 0 0 458 0 0 0 0 0 307 235 0 0 1000 33 3 reg employees agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 13 274 95 189 0 107 0 335 0 0 0 0 0 1000 90 7 all 13 274 95 189 0 107 0 335 0 0 0 0 0 1000 90 7 casual labour agri 6 258 0 0 742 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 23 3 non-agri 8 139 542 0 0 256 0 0 63 0 0 0 0 1000 49 6 all 7 178 367 0 240 173 0 0 43 0 0 0 0 1000 72 9 total employed agri 5 258 0 0 742 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 23 3 non-agri 9 183 203 187 0 129 0 175 18 59 45 0 0 1000 172 16 all 8 192 179 165 89 113 0 154 16 52 40 0 0 1000 195 19 unemployed X 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - student X 5 214 37 172 147 49 0 0 75 165 142 0 0 1000 199 18 other not in lab. force X 5 170 15 185 92 155 46 53 157 44 50 33 0 1000 482 51 total not in lab. force X 5 182 21 181 108 124 33 38 133 79 77 24 0 1000 680 69 all X 5 185 57 177 104 121 25 64 107 73 69 18 0 1000 876 88 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 162 50 155 91 106 22 56 94 64 60 16 0 876 X X sample persons* X 13 5 14 13 11 1 5 11 7 7 1 0 88 X X


A-240


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India scheduled caste person urban




A-241


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India other backward class male rural




A-242


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India other backward class female rural




A-243


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India other backward class person rural


status industry ing away fro m - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 225 255 300 340 380 420 470 525 615 775 950 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 12 116 133 83 86 96 92 64 143 72 49 18 50 1000 4985 232 non-agri 14 69 57 27 172 94 246 120 24 65 47 55 23 1000 1835 91 all 12 103 112 68 109 95 133 79 111 70 48 28 43 1000 6819 323 reg employees agri 16 0 0 154 77 106 6 0 366 0 0 84 208 1000 140 13 non-agri 18 145 0 66 0 138 29 108 62 136 157 37 120 1000 1061 54 all 18 128 0 76 9 135 26 96 98 120 139 43 131 1000 1201 67 casual labour agri 21 187 61 202 113 136 37 83 70 61 41 3 6 1000 6098 247 non-agri 38 23 31 127 71 201 44 133 102 103 118 17 31 1000 2365 107 all 24 141 53 181 102 154 39 97 79 73 62 7 13 1000 8463 354 total employed agri 15 153 92 148 101 118 61 73 106 65 44 11 28 1000 11222 492 non-agri 21 63 34 80 92 151 112 123 67 97 101 34 46 1000 5261 252 all 17 124 74 126 98 128 77 89 94 75 62 18 34 1000 16483 744 unemployed X 51 0 97 111 102 86 37 172 133 103 73 51 33 1000 846 45 student X 5 31 38 59 86 156 64 176 162 45 131 20 33 1000 2509 149 other not in lab. force X 6 157 42 99 84 184 67 55 95 112 68 8 29 1000 5731 306 total not in lab. force X 5 118 41 87 85 175 66 92 115 92 87 12 30 1000 8240 455 all X 10 118 64 113 94 142 72 93 102 82 71 17 32 1000 25569 1244 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 3026 1635 2891 2397 3632 1847 2375 2606 2084 1803 440 831 25569 X X sample persons* X 124 54 131 127 166 115 100 135 103 80 46 63 1244 X X


A-244


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India other backward class male urban




A-245


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India other backward class female urban


status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 300 350 425 500 575 665 775 915 1120 1500 1925 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 8 41 0 222 204 188 150 0 0 196 0 0 0 1000 140 13 all 6 41 0 222 204 188 150 0 0 196 0 0 0 1000 140 13 reg employees agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 9 0 0 83 407 125 110 0 202 0 74 0 0 1000 125 10 all 9 0 0 83 407 125 110 0 202 0 74 0 0 1000 125 10 casual labour agri 11 59 591 0 351 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 47 5 non-agri 16 182 313 313 0 0 42 53 0 37 60 0 0 1000 120 8 all 14 147 391 225 99 0 30 38 0 27 43 0 0 1000 167 13 total employed agri 5 59 591 0 351 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 47 5 non-agri 10 72 98 205 206 109 103 17 66 83 43 0 0 1000 385 31 all 9 70 151 183 222 97 92 15 58 74 38 0 0 1000 432 36 unemployed X 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 479 521 0 0 0 0 1000 49 2 student X 9 3 182 115 33 80 187 109 57 34 198 2 0 1000 751 48 other not in lab. force X 14 39 41 44 80 424 55 124 47 85 45 14 1 1000 3072 149 total not in lab. force X 13 32 69 58 71 356 81 121 49 75 75 12 1 1000 3823 197 all X 12 36 76 70 85 326 81 114 56 74 71 10 1 1000 4304 235 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 153 329 300 366 1404 350 491 239 319 304 45 3 4304 X X sample persons* X 15 17 22 34 31 30 22 22 19 17 4 2 235 X X


A-246


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India other backward class person urban




A-247


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: other male rural




A-248


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: other female rural




A-249


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: other person rural


status industry ing away fro m - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 225 255 300 340 380 420 470 525 615 775 950 ab- 60 days or more ove (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 12 81 22 60 85 96 70 115 70 83 150 68 99 1000 4441 255 non-agri 16 9 25 169 142 77 69 54 23 97 178 17 141 1000 1563 94 all 13 62 23 89 100 91 70 99 58 87 157 55 110 1000 6004 349 reg employees agri 13 0 0 0 173 50 287 8 0 0 24 61 397 1000 119 12 non-agri 19 0 8 47 18 133 75 38 59 61 184 204 172 1000 1280 88 all 19 0 7 43 31 126 93 35 54 56 170 192 191 1000 1399 100 casual labour agri 24 48 65 109 105 157 200 130 61 46 54 11 12 1000 3086 101 non-agri 36 6 63 125 183 203 70 83 24 70 71 42 59 1000 1394 63 all 26 35 65 114 129 172 159 116 50 53 59 21 27 1000 4480 164 total employed agri 15 67 39 79 94 120 126 119 65 67 109 45 68 1000 7645 368 non-agri 21 5 33 117 118 135 71 59 35 77 145 82 124 1000 4238 245 all 17 45 37 93 103 126 106 98 54 71 122 58 88 1000 11884 613 unemployed X 52 0 56 11 156 39 193 118 138 95 55 40 100 1000 1136 73 student X 5 0 44 33 86 94 47 105 89 160 206 71 64 1000 2729 185 other not in lab. force X 7 52 71 70 64 67 93 105 72 60 147 107 93 1000 5597 325 total not in lab. force X 6 35 62 58 71 76 78 105 77 93 167 95 83 1000 8326 510 all X 10 38 48 75 93 102 100 102 68 81 136 72 87 1000 21346 1196 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 820 1019 1595 1992 2169 2132 2170 1448 1721 2895 1528 1855 21346 X X sample persons* X 21 45 59 93 119 75 101 81 123 208 111 160 1196 X X


A-250


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: other male urban




A-251

Table (M10): Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from village/ town for 60 days

or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: other female urban




A-252

Table (M10): Per thousand distribution of persons whose place of enumeration was the usual place of residence and who stayed away from village/ town for 60 days

or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: other person urban


status industry ing away from - - - - - - - - - - - - (00) vill./town for 300 350 425 500 575 665 775 915 1120 1500 1925 ab- 60 days or

more ove

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) self employed agri 5 0 0 246 0 94 17 0 0 43 365 235 0 1000 61 7 non-agri 10 107 45 106 45 79 66 85 96 145 140 47 40 1000 1384 147 all 9 102 43 112 44 80 64 82 92 140 149 55 38 1000 1445 154 reg employees agri 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - non-agri 12 17 13 5 52 52 51 145 99 134 177 165 89 1000 2119 209 all 12 17 13 5 52 52 51 145 99 134 177 165 89 1000 2119 209 casual labour agri 11 0 529 0 0 244 0 227 0 0 0 0 0 1000 41 4 non-agri 12 58 103 35 0 210 329 125 30 103 8 0 0 1000 398 38 all 12 52 142 32 0 213 299 134 27 93 8 0 0 1000 439 42 total employed agri 6 0 212 147 0 154 10 91 0 26 218 141 0 1000 102 11 non-agri 11 53 33 44 45 78 85 122 91 135 147 106 62 1000 3901 394 all 11 52 38 47 43 80 83 121 88 132 148 107 61 1000 4003 405 unemployed X 26 136 24 10 252 141 21 103 120 96 75 15 6 1000 577 54 student X 7 38 47 48 101 68 17 79 89 107 222 161 23 1000 2211 221 other not in lab. force X 7 45 37 44 58 87 75 122 113 131 187 67 34 1000 3215 312 total not in lab. force X 7 42 41 46 76 79 51 104 103 122 201 105 30 1000 5427 533 all X 9 52 39 44 73 83 62 111 98 124 173 101 41 1000 10006 992 estd. no. of persons*(00) X 516 389 441 729 829 621 1110 983 1243 1729 1009 408 10006 X X sample persons* X 49 60 59 53 81 60 92 110 125 137 99 67 992 X X


A-253


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: all male rural




A-254


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: all female rural




A-255


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: all person rural




A-256


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: all male urban




A-257


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: all female urban




A-258


days or more for employment or in search of employment by MPCE classes for each usual principal activity category all-India social group: all person urban




Migration in Indiamospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/470... · 2016-07-01 · NSS Report No. 470: Migration in India, 1999 -2000 5 • Among the male migrants, about

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