Midterm Review: 1 st Semester. Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior? 1.The issue.

Midterm Review:1st Semester

Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior?

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0%1. The issue of the relative influence of biology and experience on behavior

2. The issue of the relative influence of rewards and punishments on behavior

3. The debate as to the relative importance of heredity and instinct in determining behavior

4. The debate as to whether mental processes are a legitimate area of scientific study

5. The debate of environmental influences on behavior

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This approach to psychology focuses on rewards, punishments, and associations.

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Behavioral Psychoanal... Socio-Cult...

Neuroscience Cognitive

1. Behavioral2. Psychoanalytic3. Socio-Cultural4. Neuroscience5. Cognitive

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The biological approach is most closely associated with the discipline of:

Evo

lutio

n

Chem

istry

Dev

elopm

ent

Neu

rosc

ienc

e

Nat

ural s

elec

t...

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1. Evolution2. Chemistry3. Development4. Neuroscience5. Natural selection

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Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being:

Appro

pria

te fo

...

Only

applic

abl..

.

Bas

ed o

n la

rge.

..

Unsc

ientif

ic a

...

Too c

lose

ly ti

...

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1. Appropriate for female patients, but not male patients

2. Only applicable to research settings, not therapy settings

3. Based on large groups, not individual cases

4. Unscientific and unverifiable5. Too closely tied to behavioristic

thought

Dr. Didden was hired by the TLC Company to help them retain their employees without lowering the firm’s profits. After TLC removed cubicles and permitted employees to decorate their

workroom as recommended by Dr. Didden, the absentee rate declined and no employees left for jobs elsewhere. Dr. Didden is most likely to be:

A fo

rens

ic p

sy...

An in

dustria

l/...

A c

ounselin

g p...

A c

linic

al p

sy...

An e

nginee

ring...

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1. A forensic psychologist2. An

industrial/organizational psychologist

3. A counseling psychologist4. A clinical psychologist5. An engineering

psychologist

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Participant Scores0 Participant 1 0 Participant 110 Participant 2 0 Participant 120 Participant 3 0 Participant 130 Participant 4 0 Participant 140 Participant 5 0 Participant 150 Participant 6 0 Participant 160 Participant 7 0 Participant 170 Participant 8 0 Participant 180 Participant 9 0 Participant 190 Participant 10 0 Participant 20

Psychologists use experimental research in order to reveal or to understand:

Corre

latio

nal ..

.

Dep

enden

t var

i...

Hyp

othe

ses

Theo

ries

Cau

se-a

nd-e

ffe...

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1. Correlational Relationships

2. Dependent variables3. Hypotheses4. Theories5. Cause-and-effect

relationships

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The procedure designed to ensure that the experimental and control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the

experiment’s results is called:

Var

iabl

e co

ntr..

.

Ran

dom

ass

ignm

...

Rep

rese

ntat

ive.

..

Stra

tific

atio

n

Doubl

e-blin

d p...

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1. Variable controlling2. Random assignment3. Representative

sampling4. Stratification5. Double-blind

procedure

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In an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on motivation, exercise is the:

Confo

undin

g va.

..

Inte

rven

ing v

a...

Inde

pende

nt va.

..

Super

-ord

inat

e...

Dep

enden

t var

i...

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1. Confounding variable2. Intervening variable3. Independent variable4. Super-ordinate

variable5. Dependent variable

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After detailed study of a gunshot wound victim, a psychologist concludes that the brain region destroyed is likely to be important for memory functions.

Which research method did the psychologist use to deduce this?

Cas

e Stu

dy

Surv

ey

Corre

latio

nal ..

.

Contro

lled

Exp...

Nat

uralis

tic O

...

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1. Case Study2. Survey3. Correlational

Experiment4. Controlled Experiment5. Naturalistic

Observation

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Which of the following numbers indicates a stronger statistical correlation?

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1. +.972. -.983. +.054. -.035. -.14

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While hurdling at the League track meet, Kim fell and hit her head on the track. After the trainer assessed her, he determined

she had a concussion. What type of scan will the doctor most likely use in order to see if she has any damage to her brain?

PET

MRI

EEG

FM

RI

CAT

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1. PET2. MRI3. EEG4. FMRI5. CAT

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A research study looking at severely overweight rats would most likely be interested in studying this part of

the brain:

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1. Hippocampus2. Thalamus3. Hypothalamus4. Amygdala5. Pineal Gland

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This is an example of a sympathetic function:

1 2 3 4 5

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1. Promoting your sexual development

2. Monitoring the operation of the body’s routing functioning

3. Picking up a dime off the floor4. Preparing yourself to fight an

oncoming attacker5. Figuring out the answer to a

difficult test question

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Your brain is involved in every perception, thought, and emotion, as are its neurons and their neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that:

1 2 3 4 5

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1. Carry information primarily in the endocrine system

2. Fuel the endocrine system3. Travel from the axon terminals

along the axon and create an action potential

4. Assist neurons by providing physical support, nutrition, and waste removal

5. Travel across the synapse and affect adjoining neurons

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A neuron without terminal buttons would be unable to:

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1. Receive information from neighboring neurons

2. Generate action potential3. Secrete neurotransmitters to

other neurons4. Transport ions across the cell

membrane5. Fire the appropriate inhibitory

transmitters

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Participant Scores0 Participant 10 Participant 20 Participant 30 Participant 40 Participant 5

The process by which sensory information is converted into neural energy is called:

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0% 1. Conversion2. Emersion3. Eversion4. Transduction5. Transformation

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Genie, the “wild child” hearing music for the very first time would be using this type of processing to

understand her situation.

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1. Bottom –up processing2. Top-down processing3. Both bottom-up and top-

down processing4. Perceptual constancy5. None of the above

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The receptors for body position and movement are located:

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1. In the parietal cortex2. In the inner ear3. In the outer layer of

the skin4. Within the corpus

callosum5. Within the spinal cord

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These are used to make a mental representation of a task at hand.

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1. Constructs2. Prototypes3. Schemas4. Categorical maps5. Cognitive maps

The classic “gorilla and basketball” example shows us that:

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1. We tend to focus only on lighter colors

2. The basketball passes distracted our ability to focus

3. Selective attention allows our mind to process only a small amount of what’s actually going on.

4. The gorilla was distracting enough that most people identify it quickly

5. Both 2 and 4 are correct

Participant Scores0 Participant 10 Participant 20 Participant 30 Participant 40 Participant 5

According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream refers to:

The

setti

ng of..

.

The

story

line

...

Whe

ther

the

dr...

The

emotio

nal .

..

The

sym

bolic m

...

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1. The setting of the dream2. The story line of the

dream3. Whether the dream is in

the color or black and white

4. The emotional tone of the dream

5. The symbolic meaning of the dream

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Which of the following is true of hypnosis?

Hyp

nosi

s is

a ..

.

Hyp

nosi

s is

ac.

..

Hyp

nosi

s is

a ..

.

Hyp

nosi

s is

a ..

.

Hyp

notic

anal

g...

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1. Hypnosis is a form of REM sleep2. Hypnosis is accompanied by

delta wave activity of the brain3. Hypnosis is a state of awareness

associated with relaxation and susceptibility

4. Hypnosis is a form of non-REM sleep

5. Hypnotic analgesia is blocked by the drug naloxone

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The most frequently used psychoactive drug in the United States is:

Alc

ohol

Coca

ine

Caf

fein

e

Her

oin

Mar

ijuan

a

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1. Alcohol2. Cocaine3. Caffeine4. Heroin5. Marijuana

25

Which of the following best describes the stability of sleep cycles?

They

are

innat

...

They

are

innat

...

They

are

entir

...

They

are

entir

...

They

are

lear

n...

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1. They are innate so they cannot be modified

2. They are innate but can be modified in times of stress

3. They are entirely learned but are difficult to modify

4. They are entirely learned and, thus, may be easily modified

5. They are learned and allow us to change them at our will

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Sleepwalking and talking:

Occ

ur m

ost o

ft...

Occ

ur d

uring R

...

Occ

ur d

uring s

...

Is th

e ou

twar

d...

Are

dan

gerous

...

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1. Occur most often in association with night terrors

2. Occur during REM sleep and is therefore rather brief

3. Occur during sleep stages 3 and 4

4. Is the outward expression of dream content

5. Are dangerous sleep disorders

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What is the response pattern of securely attached children in the Strange Situation when their mothers return?

They

tend to

i...

Som

etim

es th

ey...

They

tend to

g...

They

tend to

r...

They

hit

thei

r...

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1. They tend to ignore their mothers because they are secure about her care

2. Sometimes they run over to their mothers and sometimes the do not; there’s no consistent pattern in their responses

3. They tend to go to their mothers for comfort

4. They tend to run over to their mothers and beg them not to leave again.

5. They hit their mothers

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When baby Stephanie starts crying, her mother or father hurries to see if she needs anything, and they comfort her when she is upset. According to

Erikson, Stephanie is likely to develop:

Com

peten

ce

Tru

st

Infe

riorit

y

Mis

trust

Auto

nomy

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1. Competence2. Trust3. Inferiority4. Mistrust5. Autonomy

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A critical period is a stage in development when:

Spec

ific

stim

u...

Child

ren

are

r...

New

lear

ning i.

..

Bondi

ng b

etwee

...

The

child

firs

...

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1. Specific stimuli have a major effect on development that they do not produce at other times

2. Children are resistant to any kind of discipline by their parents

3. New learning is prevented by older learning

4. Bonding between the child and parent first takes place

5. The child first enters elementary school and needs positive reinforcement

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If Heinz decides to choose to steal the drug in Kohlberg’s “Heinz Dilemma”, which main stage of moral development is he

exercising?

Obed

ienc

e an

d ...

Indi

vidual

ism

...

Univ

ersa

l prin

...

Mai

ntain

ing s

o...

Inte

rper

sona

l ...

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1. Obedience and punishment

2. Individualism and exchange

3. Universal principles4. Maintaining social order5. Interpersonal relationships

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Piaget used this term to refer to the mental structures that guide thoughts:

Oper

atio

ns

Phone

mes

Stra

tegie

s

Sch

emas

Imprin

ts

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1. Operations2. Phonemes3. Strategies4. Schemas5. Imprints

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Once Pavlov’s dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork, the tuning fork was a(n):

1 2 3 4 5

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1. Unconditioned stimulus

2. Neutral stimulus3. Conditioned stimulus4. Responsive Stimulus5. Conditioned response

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Shaping is:

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1. A pattern of responses that must be made before classical conditioning is completed

2. Rewarding behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired goal behavior

3. Completing a set of behaviors in succession before a reward is given

4. Giving you chocolate pudding to increase the likelihood you will eat more carrots

5. Inhibition of new learning by previous learning

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While readying to take a free-throw shot, you suddenly arrive at the answer to a chemistry problem you’d been working on several

hours before. This is an example of:

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1. Insight2. Backward

conditioning3. Latent learning4. Discrimination5. The Premack

Principle

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Negative and positive reinforcers are similar in that these always ______ the likelihood of ensuing responses.

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1. Decrease2. Increase3. Extinguish4. Eliminate5. Have no effect on

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Operant conditioning, in contrast with classical conditioning, emphasizes events (such as rewards and punishments) that

occur:

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1. After the behavior2. Concurrently with

another response3. At the same time as

another stimulus4. During the behavior5. Before the behavior

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Midterm Review: 1 st Semester. Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior? 1.The issue.

Documents

participant scores

semester slide

behavioristic thought

engineering psychologist

counseling psychologist

clinical psychologist

forensic psychologist

intervening variable