Middle & Southern Colonies Section 4 Chapter 2. English Civil War The fall of New Amsterdam and the founding of New York in 1664 marked a new wave of.

Middle & Southern Colonies

Section 4

Chapter 2

English Civil War

The fall of New Amsterdam and the founding of New York in 1664 marked a new wave of English Colonization.

For more than 20 years the battle between the Puritans and the English King finally led to war.

English Civil War – starts in 1642

King Charles I – sent troops to arrest several Puritan leaders in English Parliament.

Response by Puritans Organizing own army

1646 Parliament defeated King Charles, capturing him and eventually putting him to death. Oliver Cromwell gave himself the title “Lord Protector of England.”

Colonies Choose Sides

Support King or Parliament? Virginia – Gov & House of Burgesses

Supported King until 1652 – forced to change sides

Parliament sent a fleet to make them change sides.

Maryland’s Own Civil War…kind of

Supported the KingProtestants rebel in 1644Lord Baltimore appoints Protestant

Governor

Introduced Maryland Toleration Act – 1659 Religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland Provide protection of Catholic minority

Colonization Resumes

After 20 years of turmoilLooking for stabilityOliver Cromwell dies

King Charles II takes the throne

Restoration occurs

English Government takes lead in promoting Colonization.

King interested in areas of expansion

New Netherland becomes New York 1664 King Charles

decided to seize Granted all land from

Delaware Bay to the Connecticut River to his brother James, the Duke of York.

Four warships sent to seize the land from Dutch

New York named Land granted to 2

advisers Sir George Carteret Lord John Berkeley

Attracted Settlers Generous land grants Religious Freedom Right to elective

Legislative assembles Many Puritans head to

New Jersey

Admiral William Penn

Close friend to the King – loaned ships to King but died before he was repaid.

Son – also name William Penn inherited estate 1680 – Petitioned King for land between New

York and Maryland to settle debt. King hesitant – Penn was a Quaker

Quakers

Everyone has their own “inner light” from God.

No need for Church or MinistersBible less authorityAdvocated Pacifism – (non-violence)Persecuted in every almost colonyWould have never received their own

colony without William Penn

Holy Experiment

William Penn and other wealthy Quakers bought New Jersey (land from Berkeley and Carteret).

Penn asked King Charles for land Pennsylvania named (named after his father –

land of political and religious freedom – The Holy Experiment

Also felt Native Americans had been treated unjustly and resolved to win friendship

Treaty of Shackamaxon

Lenni Lanape – (Native American Group) ceded land to the colonists. Began 70 years of peace between Europeans and

Native Americans Capital – Philadelphia built – “the city of brotherly love”. Constitution prepared – “frame of government”

Allowed anyone who owned land or paid taxes to vote. Confused settlers New Charter designed – appointed governor, owners of

50 acres + faith in Jesus gave voting rights.

Pennsylvania Continued

Non-Christians had rights to practice their religion without interference.

Land was readily available.Many Germans and Scots-Irish migrated

here as well.Over 7000 people

Philadelphia Rivaled Boston and New York as a center for trade and commerce.

Delaware

Purchased by Penn - 1682

3 Counties south of Pennsylvania

Purchased from Duke of York

Carolina

Land South of VirginiaKing Charles granted land to eight friends

and political allies.Land named Carolina – Latin version of

“Charles”

North Carolina

Mostly settlers / farmers drifting from Virginia in the 1650’s

No good coastlines and harbors making ships difficult to reach.

Grew slowly – eventually began growing tobacco.

Exported naval supplies such as tar, pitch and turpentine

South Carolina

Proprietors interested in Southern part of the colony

Sugarcane- suitable for growing, so they thought originally, did not work out.

Charles Town became the capital named after King Charles – now known as Charleston

South Carolina

Exported deerskinBegan capturing Native Americans and

shipping them to the Caribbean as enslaved workers, where the demand for them was high

Georgia

A place where the poor could start over.A strategic buffer between the English and

the Spanish FloridaKing George II granted James Oglethorpe

and 19 trustees the land and settlement began at the mouth of the Savannah River in 1733.

Georgia

Originally Banned Slavery Rum Brandy Changed 1740

Limited Land grants to 500

acres

Attracted Settlers from all over. Scots Germans Italians Swiss

Elected Assembly 1750

Royal Colony 1751