Development of conservation cropping systems in the drylands of northern Iraq (2005-11) Partners Syria - ICARDA Iraq - Ministry of Agriculture, University of Mosul Australia - UniWA, UniAdelaide, AgWA Development and promotion of zero tillage in Iraq and Syria Colin Piggin, Atef Haddad, Yaseen Khalil ICARDA, Syria WCCA Brisbane, Aust 26-29 Sept 2011
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Middle Eastern dryland cropping systems. Colin Piggin
A presentation from the WCCA 2011 conference in Brisbane.
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Development of conservation cropping systems in the drylands of northern Iraq (2005-11)PartnersSyria - ICARDAIraq - Ministry of Agriculture, University of MosulAustralia - UniWA, UniAdelaide, AgWA
Development and promotion of zero tillage in Iraq and Syria
Colin Piggin, Atef Haddad, Yaseen Khalil
ICARDA, Syria
WCCA
Brisbane, Aust
26-29 Sept 2011
Middle Eastern dryland cropping systems
Iraq
Characteristics• excessive cultivation• grazing/burning of
stubbles• late sowing (Dec-Jan)
Consequences• low yields (<1t/ha for
wheat)
Syria
ZT is the key to conservation cropping- minimal soil disturbance- stubble retention
Widely adopted around the world
Little awareness/adoption in ME region
Logical R&D program to promote ZT
• verification and adaptation research
1. does ZT work?
2. what are benefits of early sowing?
3. are special varieties needed for ZT?
• addressing the major constraint
4. local availability of effective, affordable ZT seeders
• promoting awareness, experience and uptake
5. demonstrations and ZT evaluation by farmers on-farm
Zero tillage (ZT) and conventional cultivation (CC)
ZT system
• seeding into uncultivated soil under stubble
CC system• 1-3+ cultivations - mouldboard, disc, chisel
• seeding – seed drill or broadcasting above disc plow
Long term Trial (commenced 2006-07 at ICARDA)
Cereal-legume rotation
Treatments (0.5ha plots x 3 replicates)
Tillage- conventional cultivation- zero-till
Date of sowing- early- late
Verification and adaptation research
1. Does ZT work?
Lentil on wheat stubble – C16
Early sowing
28-29 Nov 07
Conventional tillZero-till
Late sowing
23 Dec 07
2007-08
29 April 08
Barley on lentil stubble - C16
Early sowing
22 Oct 08
Conventional tillZero-till
Late sowing
6 Dec 08
2008-09
2 June 09
1.29
0.81
3.74
3.37
1.08
0.67
3.41 3.35
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
29-Nov-07 23-Dec-07 22-Oct-08 6-Dec-08
Gra
in y
ield
(t/h
a)
Date of sowing
ZT
CC
LentilSig main effects: T**; DOS**LSD = 0.15 t/ha for T and 0.20 t/ha for DOS
BarleySig effects: DOS**; TxDOS**LSD = 0.28 t/ha between T or 0.16 t/ha within T
1. Does ZT work?
Lentil response/ha: Straw Grain
CC/late vs ZT/early 1227kg 615kg
$261 $716
Barley response/ha Grain
CC/late vs ZT/early 390kg
$80
R/F 222mm R/F 291mm
Tillage Early Late Delay/loss Loss/day
Lentil 2007-08 28 Nov 07 23 Dec 07 24 days
CC 1077 kg 670 kg 407 kg 17.0 kg
ZT 1285 kg 810 kg 475 kg 19.8 kg
Barley 2008-09 22 Oct 08 6 Dec 08 45 days
CC 3406 kg 3346 kg 60 kg 1.3 kg
ZT 3737 kg 3373 kg 364 kg 8.1 kg
C16 long-term trial
Grain yield responses to time of sowing in lentil and barley under ZT and CC