Mid Term Review Mid Term Review Oct 25, 2004 Oct 25, 2004 Shao-Meng Li Shao-Meng Li ARQP ARQP
Mar 31, 2015
Mid Term ReviewMid Term ReviewOct 25, 2004Oct 25, 2004
Shao-Meng LiShao-Meng Li
ARQPARQP
Development of the AMSDevelopment of the AMS• Development of a DMA calibration systemDevelopment of a DMA calibration system• Field study deploymentField study deployment• Development of AMS IDEA softwareDevelopment of AMS IDEA software• Attendance at the 5Attendance at the 5thth AMS User Meeting AMS User Meeting• PublicationsPublications
Development of a DMA Development of a DMA calibration systemcalibration system
• Development of a DMA calibration system
– Prototype completed– Deployment in laboratory and in field– Laminar flow element problems– Packaging issues
Development of the AMS IDEA Development of the AMS IDEA softwaresoftware
• First phase – Mass calculation completed– Capability to keep track of all variations in calculation
conditions, fragmentation tables– Plotting capabilities for single and multiple
graphs/plots– Data exporting to Excel and others
• Second phase– Implementation of ToF data conversion– Optimization of data conversion schemes
Field Study DeploymentField Study Deployment
• SOLAS Pacific Ocean, Jul – Aug 02• Egbert Training, Sep – Nov 02• Egbert Nitrogen Study, Mar – Apr 03• Lab Study, May – Jun 03• Toronto Urban Study, Jul – Aug 03• SOLAS Atlantic Ocean, Oct – Nov 03• Lab Study, Nov – Dec 03• Preparation for ICARTT, Jan – Jun 04• ICARTT, Jun – Aug 04• LFV Chicken Study, Sep 04 – present• Lab Study, Nov 04 – Jan 05• LFV Chicken Study, Feb 05• Whistler, Mar – Apr 05• Prairie 2005, Apr – Aug 05
AMS reconfiguration for aircraft AMS reconfiguration for aircraft deploymentdeployment
• AMS deployment on aircraft– Installation– Deployment during ICARTT– Recalibration of AMS at different inlet
pressure and temperature
AMS Laboratory StudiesAMS Laboratory Studies
• AMS reconfiguration
• Laboratory chamber studies on heterogeneous uptake of gases include:– Organic nitrates– carbonyls, alcohols, acids– others
PublicationsPublications
• Liggio et al.: On carbonyl polymerization on aerosols, ES&T (accepted)
• Liggio et al: Reactive uptake of organics on aerosols, JGR (in press)
• Others….
Significance of Significance of agricultural NH3 agricultural NH3
sourcessources
Significance of Significance of agricultural NH3 agricultural NH3
sourcessources
•Ambient NH3 changes in response to chicken cullsAmbient NH3 changes in response to chicken culls
•Ambient PM change in response to NH3 changesAmbient PM change in response to NH3 changes
•Emission factors and inventories from poultry Emission factors and inventories from poultry industryindustry
Chicken Cull Area, May 04
Passive NH3 sampler network
Spatial NH3 Concentrations
Temporal NH3 Concentrations
NH3:PPMat Abbotsford Airport (agricultural)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
2004
-01-
01 0
0
2004
-01-
07 0
8
2004
-01-
13 1
6
2004
-01-
20 0
0
2004
-01-
26 0
8
2004
-02-
01 1
6
2004
-02-
08 0
0
2004
-02-
14 0
8
2004
-02-
20 1
6
2004
-02-
27 0
0
2004
-03-
04 0
8
2004
-03-
10 1
6
2004
-03-
17 0
0
2004
-03-
23 0
8
2004
-03-
29 1
6
2004
-04-
05 0
0
2004
-04-
11 0
8
2004
-04-
17 1
6
2004
-04-
24 0
0
2004
-04-
30 0
8
2004
-05-
06 1
6
2004
-05-
13 0
0
2004
-05-
19 0
8
2004
-05-
25 1
6
2004
-06-
01 0
0
2004
-06-
07 0
8
2004
-06-
13 1
6
2004
-06-
20 0
0
2004
-06-
26 0
8
2004
-07-
02 1
6
2004
-07-
09 0
0
2004
-07-
15 0
8
2004
-07-
21 1
6
2004
-07-
28 0
0
2004
-08-
03 0
8
2004
-08-
09 1
6
2004
-08-
16 0
0
2004
-08-
22 0
8
2004
-08-
28 1
6
Date
Con
c N
H3
ppm
T034:NH3:PPM
Studies on NH3 emissions from poultry farms
Barn study preliminary results
Farm 3 - NH3
y = -2846.1Ln(x) + 7672R2 = 0.951
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
Fan 1 Fan 2 Fan 3 Fan 4 Fan 5 Fan 6 Fan 7 Intake
Fan
NH
3 (p
pb
)
Deployment of AMS and MOUDI during the “chicken” study
• Two AMS’ were deployed sequentially at the Abbotsford Airport GVRD site (Aug – Sep and Sep Nov, 2004
• First data from early Aug indicate very low ammonium/nitrate/sulfate
• AMS measurements and data collection continues unattended until early Nov 04
• MOUDI sampling on a 12 hour basis in Oct – Nov
Pacific 2001 data analysis and interpretation
The Pacific 2001 Team
First Special Issue
• 14 papers in the 1st special issue• Papers appeared on web site, printed version
expected in Nov 04
• 3 papers in other journals
Second Special Issue
• Papers submitted• Wang, Aklilu, Leithead, Cheng
• Papers in preparation• Anlauf, Norman, McLaren, Sukloff
• Need/want to have more papers from other PIs• Huang, Brook, Lu, others?
• Summary paper• Vingarzan
Forest Fire Impact during Pacific 2001 (Leithead et al.)
• Forest fire tracers detected• Levoglucosan, DHAA
• Levoglucosan • 14.4, 26.0, and 14.7 ng m-3 for SP,
LEL, SER• OC contributions
• 5-10%, 12-27% and 5–12% for SP, LEL, and SER
Forest fires
Levo, DHAA, OC conc.
(a) Levoglucosan
n
g m
-3
0
20
40
60
80
100
(b) DHAA
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
ns
n
g m
-3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
LELSPSER
(c) OC
Sampling Date
Au
g 1
5-N
Au
g 1
6-D
Au
g 1
6-N
Au
g 1
7-D
Au
g 1
7-N
Au
g1
8-D
Au
g1
8-N
Au
g 1
9-D
Au
g 1
9-N
Au
g 2
0-D
Au
g 2
0-N
Au
g 2
1-D
Au
g 2
1-N
Au
g 2
2-D
Au
g 2
2-N
Au
g 2
3-D
Au
g 2
3-N
Au
g 2
4-D
Au
g 2
4-N
Au
g 2
5-D
Au
g 2
5-N
Au
g 2
6-D
Au
g 2
6-N
Au
g 2
7-D
Au
g 2
7-N
Au
g 2
8-D
Au
g 2
8-N
Au
g 2
9-D
Au
g 2
9-N
Au
g 3
0-D
Au
g 3
0-N
g m-3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Source Levoglucosan DHAA RATIO LV/DHAA Reference Notes
Emission Studies
Loblolly pine 5.57 3.97 1.40 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels
Western hemlock 4.46 4.33 1.03 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels
Ponderosa pine 4.27 3.50 1.22 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels
Mixed hardwood forest 3.56 0.49 7.25 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels
Wiregrass and longleaf pine 3.98 3.85 1.03 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels
red maple 10.9 0.00 0.00 Fine et al, 2001 hardwood, fireplace combustion
n. red oak 16.8 0.00 0.00 Fine et al, 2001 hardwood
e. white pine 5.23 0.78 6.70 Fine et al, 2001 softwood
e. hemlock 9.55 0.16 60.6 Fine et al, 2001 softwood
balsam fir 8.14 0.23 35.2 Fine et al, 2001 softwood
yellow poplar 15.6 0.00 0.00 Fine et al, 2002a hardwood, fireplace combustion
Loblolly pine 3.64 1.23 2.95 Fine et al, 2002a softwood
slash pine 4.69 0.66 7.09 Fine et al, 2002a softwood
Field Measurement Results
Rondonia, dry 10.4
Zdrahal et al, 2002Brazil, rainforest, biomass
burning
Rondonia, wet 0.518 Zdrahal et al, 2002
Gent, winter3.61
Zdrahal et al, 2002
Belgium, urban, residential burning
Gent, summer 0.507 Zdrahal et al, 2002
KWR 1.81 0.010 177 Nolte et al, 2001 wildlife reserve
Bakersfield 12.3 0.155 79.7 Nolte et al, 2001 urban, residential wood burning
Fresno 14.5 0.385 37.7 Nolte et al, 2001 urban, residential wood burning
Rondonia, Pasture 42.2-8.87 Graham et al, 2002 Brazil, burning biomass burning
Rondonia, Rainforest 2.49-7.23 Graham et al, 2002 Brazil during biomass burning
Amazonia, Brazil 1.33 Graham et al, 2003 Amazon, July
Pacific 2001 Results
SP (urban) 0.020-1.56 0.04-0.833 1.87 This study Urban
SER (mixed) 0.039-2.46 0-0.219 11.2 This study Mixed urban and forest
LEL (rural) 0.069-3.28 0.024-0.535 6.13 This study Rural
Forest fire contribution to OC
(b) SP Site
0
20
40
60
80
(a) LEL Site
Pe
rc
en
ta
ge
C
on
trib
utio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
Upper Limit - LevoglucosanLower Limit - LevoglucosanDHAA
(c) SER Site
Sampling Date
Au
g 1
5-N
Au
g 1
6-D
Au
g 1
6-N
Au
g 1
7-D
Au
g 1
7-N
Au
g1
8-D
Au
g1
8-N
Au
g 1
9-D
Au
g 1
9-N
Au
g 2
0-D
Au
g 2
0-N
Au
g 2
1-D
Au
g 2
1-N
Au
g 2
2-D
Au
g 2
2-N
Au
g 2
3-D
Au
g 2
3-N
Au
g 2
4-D
Au
g 2
4-N
Au
g 2
5-D
Au
g 2
5-N
Au
g 2
6-D
Au
g 2
6-N
Au
g 2
7-D
Au
g 2
7-N
Au
g 2
8-D
Au
g 2
8-N
Au
g 2
9-D
Au
g 2
9-N
Au
g 3
0-D
Au
g 3
0-N0
20
40
60
80
N-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones on PM2.5 (Cheng et al.)
• Biogenic impacts on the OC compositions at all 5 sites
• Day-night differences in CPI, stronger biogenic activities at night
Conc, CPI, and Cmax of n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones
n-alkanes n-alkan-2-ones2-C18i
Total conc. CPI Cmax Total conc. CPI Cmax conc.
Min–Max(AvgStd)
Min–Max(AvgStd)
Min–Max(AvgStd)
Min–Max(AvgStd)
Min–Max(AvgStd)
GEP (forest) 2.0–16.4(10.64.7)
1.92–3.15(2.390.47)
C23, C25 , C27 1.1–7.2(2.91.9)
0.95–2.38(1.140.48)
C17, C27 0.8–23.9(7.67.1)
CT (tunnel) 45.5–111.6(83.924.6)
0.98–1.32(1.150.11)
mainly C25 1.8–12.6(6.33.4)
1.13–1.71(1.330.19)
C17, C19 1.0–4.7(2.41.2)
Dry Period I (1520 August)
SP (urban park) 3.3–30.8(14.810.3)
1.17–2.38(1.740.52)
C25, C27 or
C29
0.2–4.2(2.01.2)
1.08–1.80(1.340.20)
Mainly C16, C17 <DL–8.6(3.62.6)
LEL (rural) 4.2–13.6(9.23.4)
1.27–2.20(1.670.28)
C23 or C25,
C27, C29
0.5–3.4(1.61.0)
0.82–1.31(1.100.17)
Mainly C15, C17 0.9–6.7(4.02.1)
SER (mixing of forest /urban)
4.5–43.1(13.912.5)
1.10–2.67(1.700.43)
mainly C25, C27
0.4–5.7(2.51.8)
0.80–1.60(1.250.22)
Mainly C15, C17 1.3–12.2(5.13.6)
Dry Period II (2430August)
SP (urban park) 4.4–34.6(14.89.2)
1.14–1.97(1.530.25)
C25, C27 0.6–8.4(3.02.4)
0.65–1.35(0.990.26)
Mainly C16, C17 0.5–12.9(4.53.6)
LEL (rural) 0.6–18.1(7.24.7)
1.43–4.03(2.150.86)
C23 or C25,
C27, C29
0.3–3.9(2.11.0)
0.69–1.30(1.000.18)
Mainly C16, C17 0.5–9.8(5.33.4)
SER (mixing of forest /urban)
1.7–16.9(6.74.9)
1.05–4.69(2.241.07)
mainly C25, C27
0.7–5.3(1.81.4)
1.09–1.65(1.330.17)
Mainly C17, C19 0.6–10.7(3.52.8)
CPI of N-alkanes (C14 to C33)
Day(Avg±Std)
Sample number
Night(Avg±Std)
Samplenumber
GEP (forest) 2.20±0.31 4 2.54±0.56 5
CT (tunnel) 1.16±0.08 5 1.08±0.09 2
SP (urban park) I 2.21±0.27 3 1.55±0.65 3
SP (urban park) II 1.62±0.12 6 1.47±0.33 7
LEL (rural) I 1.90±0.20 4 1.48±0.16 5
LEL (rural) II 2.04±0.40 7 2.25±1.18 7
SER (mixing of forest /urban)
1.39±0.21 5 1.96±0.40 6
SER (mixing of forest /urban)
1.39±0.34 6 3.11±1.14 6
Temporal variations
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
6-N
7-N
8-N
9-N
10-N
11-N
12-N
13-N
14-N
15-N
16-N
17-N
18-N
19-N
20-N
21-N
22-N
23-N
24-N
25-N
26-N
27-N
28-N
29-N
30-N
31-N
August 2001
To
tal
n-a
lkan
es (
ng
m3 ) GEP
CTSPLELSER
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
6-N
7-N
8-N
9-N
10
-N
11
-N
12
-N
13
-N
14
-N
15
-N
16
-N
17
-N
18
-N
19
-N
20
-N
21
-N
22
-N
23
-N
24
-N
25
-N
26
-N
27
-N
28
-N
29
-N
30
-N
August 2001
To
ta
l n
-a
lka
n-2
-o
ne
s (
ng
m-3 ) GEP
CTSPLELSER
Sources for alkanes and ketones
• N-AlkanesPrimary emissions:
Vehicular (CT), Plants (GEP), mixture (other sites)
• N-AlkanonesShorter chain ketones: secondaryLonger chain ketones: primaryBranched ketones: biogenic
Chemical size distribution (Anlauf et al.)
• Coarse nitrate: titration of sea salt chloride by HNO3, both day and night
• Accumulation mode nitrate: production at night through N2O5, HNO3+NH3
• Fine mode sulfate: evidence of primary emissions
Pacific 2001 Data Centre (Sukloff et al.)
• Existing Data• 71% of expected data sets
• Continuous submission of data