Mid Semester A Project Mid Semester A Project Presentation Presentation Instructor: Instructor: Mr. Almog Mr. Almog Assaf Assaf Real Time Image Real Time Image Processing Processing Presented by: Presented by: Baruch Koren Baruch Koren Shahaf Fisher Shahaf Fisher Technion – Israel Institute Of Technion – Israel Institute Of Technology Technology Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department High speed digital systems laboratory
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Mid Semester A Project Presentation Instructor: Mr. Almog Assaf Real Time Image Processing Presented by: Baruch Koren Shahaf Fisher Technion – Israel.
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Mid Semester A Project Mid Semester A Project PresentationPresentation
Instructor:Instructor:
Mr. Almog AssafMr. Almog Assaf
Real Time Image Real Time Image ProcessingProcessing
Presented by:Presented by:
Baruch KorenBaruch Koren
Shahaf FisherShahaf Fisher
Technion – Israel Institute Of TechnologyTechnion – Israel Institute Of Technology
Electrical Engineering DepartmentElectrical Engineering DepartmentHigh speed digital systems laboratory
AgendaAgenda• Project’s Goals.Project’s Goals.
• System Block Diagram and System System Block Diagram and System overview.overview.
• Defining DVI interface and generic Defining DVI interface and generic blocks.blocks.
• Image Processing Background- Color Image Processing Background- Color Spaces.Spaces.
• Image Processing Development Image Processing Development Stages.Stages.
• Time table.Time table.
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Project’s GoalsProject’s Goals• Preparing a systematic infrastructure Preparing a systematic infrastructure
for future laboratories projects. for future laboratories projects.
• Preparing instructions for integrating Preparing instructions for integrating new components to this system.new components to this system.
• Studying this complex system - the Studying this complex system - the environment and the designing tools.environment and the designing tools.
• Studying VHDL language, with an Studying VHDL language, with an emphasis on coding style, modular emphasis on coding style, modular and generic design.and generic design.
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Project’s GoalsProject’s Goals• Studying and implementing topics in Studying and implementing topics in
image processing, especially image processing, especially algorithms that can be implemented algorithms that can be implemented in real time video systems.in real time video systems.
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System Top Hierarchy Block System Top Hierarchy Block DiagramDiagram
DVI inputDVI input DVI OutputDVI Output
RX TX
qe_rxqe_rx
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DVI interfacesDVI interfaces• ConnectionConnection between the DVI Reciever and between the DVI Reciever and
Transmitter to the FPGA’s top level hierarchy. Transmitter to the FPGA’s top level hierarchy.
• SettingsSettings for using default for using default DVI ReceiverDVI Receiver (SiI1171) operation mode: (SiI1171) operation mode: not programmable - with no I2C involvenot programmable - with no I2C involve 24-bit pixel data for one pixel per clock24-bit pixel data for one pixel per clock
• SettingsSettings for using default for using default DVI TransmitterDVI Transmitter (SiI1172) operation mode: (SiI1172) operation mode: not programmable - with no I2C involve.not programmable - with no I2C involve. samples one-half pixel (12 bit) at every latch falling samples one-half pixel (12 bit) at every latch falling
and rising edge of the clock. and rising edge of the clock.
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Before DVI interfacesBefore DVI interfaces
DVI input
DVI Output
RX TX
qe_rxqe_rx
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de_rxde_rx
hsync_rxhsync_rx
odck_rxodck_rx
vsync_rxvsync_rx
idck_txidck_tx
de_txde_tx
vsync_txvsync_tx
hsync_txhsync_tx
data_txdata_tx
CLKCLK
i2c and control
24bit 12bit
i2c and control
After DVI interfacesAfter DVI interfaces
DVI inputDVI inputDVI OutputDVI Output
RX TX
qe_rxqe_rx
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de_rxde_rxhsync_rxhsync_rx
odck_rxodck_rx
vsync_rxvsync_rx
idck_txidck_tx
de_txde_tx
vsync_txvsync_tx
hsync_txhsync_tx
data_txdata_tx
i2c and control
i2c and control
DVI_interface_2txDVI_interface_2tx
24bit24bit 12bit
DVI_interface_2rxDVI_interface_2rx
24bit
System Top Hierarchy Block System Top Hierarchy Block DiagramDiagram
DVI inputDVI input DVI OutputDVI Output
RX TX
qe_rxqe_rx
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System System Block Diagram Block Diagram and Portsand Ports
GidelGidelInterfacInterfacee
Image Processing Image Processing Background- Background- Color Color SpacesSpaces
Definition: A color space is a mathematical way is a mathematical way
of specifying the color of a pixel in a of specifying the color of a pixel in a color image.color image.
Objective: convert our video input to a color
space which suits best image processing algorithms.
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Color Spaces-RGBColor Spaces-RGB
RGB model uses three numerical RGB model uses three numerical components to represent a color in a components to represent a color in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. system.
Each component has a rangeEach component has a range
of 0 to 255 (for a 8-bit of 0 to 255 (for a 8-bit
representation per color).representation per color).
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RGB is an RGB is an additiveadditive color system and that color system and that is why RGB color space is the most is why RGB color space is the most common choice for computer graphics and common choice for computer graphics and image and video displayers.image and video displayers.
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Color Spaces-RGBColor Spaces-RGB
Incompatibility of RGB space to Incompatibility of RGB space to Image ProcessingImage Processing
• processing an image in the RGB space is processing an image in the RGB space is more complex.more complex.
• Using RGB requires wider bandwidth and Using RGB requires wider bandwidth and larger storage space. larger storage space.
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Which Color Space Suits Best Which Color Space Suits Best Image Processing AlgorithmsImage Processing Algorithms??
The human Eye is much more sensitive to The human Eye is much more sensitive to intensity changes than to colors. intensity changes than to colors.
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Most image processing algorithms operates Most image processing algorithms operates on the image on the image intensityintensity..
If we use a color space which does a separation If we use a color space which does a separation between intensity component and chrominance between intensity component and chrominance components,components,
Image processing algorithms will be Image processing algorithms will be fasterfaster, , demand demand less bandwidthless bandwidth and and less storage less storage space,space, andand cheapercheaper..
Color Spaces-YCbCrColor Spaces-YCbCr
The YCbCr is a model which does a separation between intensity (luma) component (component Y) and chrominance components (Cb,Cr).
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Color Spaces-YCbCrColor Spaces-YCbCr
The basic equations to convert The basic equations to convert between gamma-corrected RGB between gamma-corrected RGB (notated as R’G’B’) and YCbCr are:(notated as R’G’B’) and YCbCr are:
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128
128
b
r
b
r
Y 0.257 0.504 0.098 R' 16
C = -0.148 -0.291 0.439 G' + 128
0.439 -0.368 -0.071 B' 128C
R' 1.164 0 1.596 Y-16
G' = 1.164 0.391 -0.813 C
B' 1.164 2.018 0 C
Development StagesDevelopment Stages BackgroundBackground
• DesignDesign
• CodingCoding
• SimulationSimulation
• Integration & Integration &
ImplementationImplementation
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Development Stages - Development Stages - SimulationSimulation
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SIM. UUT ANA.
FilesIn
FilesOut
Test Bench
WeeWeek k
DatesDatesActionActionCommenCommentsts
1-21-25.11.06 -5.11.06 -Introduction to the Lab, Introduction to the Lab, comprehending and defining the comprehending and defining the project goals.project goals. 18.11.0618.11.06
3319.11.06 19.11.06 --
Studying the understanding the Studying the understanding the complex system and its complex system and its designing tools available. designing tools available.
25.11.0625.11.06
4426.11.06 26.11.06 --
Preparing and presenting the Preparing and presenting the characterization report.characterization report.
553.12.06 -3.12.06 -Preparing a detailed blocks Preparing a detailed blocks diagram of the system.diagram of the system.
9.12.069.12.06
Time TableTime Table
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WeeWeek k
DatesDatesActionActionCommenCommentsts
6610.12.06 10.12.06 --
Defining and characterizing the Defining and characterizing the abstract generic block, which will abstract generic block, which will be implemented when defining a be implemented when defining a processing block.processing block.
16.12.0616.12.06
7-107-1017.12.06 17.12.06 --
Preparing and presenting the Preparing and presenting the Midterm Presentation and report.Midterm Presentation and report.Defining the memory and the Defining the memory and the display controllers interfaces.display controllers interfaces.
Midterm Midterm PresentationPresentation
13.01.0713.01.07
111114.01.07 14.01.07 --
Studying and writingStudying and writing background on the meaning of background on the meaning of color spaces and converting color spaces and converting between color spaces needed for between color spaces needed for processing algorithms processing algorithms DesigningDesigning a Basic processing a Basic processing unit – color spaces converter.unit – color spaces converter.
20.01.0720.01.07
12-12-1313
21.01.07 21.01.07 --
VHDL VHDL codingcoding of the Basic of the Basic processing unit – color spaces processing unit – color spaces converter.converter.
3.02.073.02.07
Time TableTime Table
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Time TableTime TableWeeWeek k
DatesDatesActionActionCommenCommentsts
141404.02.07 04.02.07 --
SimulationSimulation of the Basic of the Basic processing unit – color spaces processing unit – color spaces converter.converter.
10.02.0710.02.07
15-15-
End End SemSemAA
11.02.07 11.02.07 --
Integration and Implementation Integration and Implementation of the Basic processing unit – of the Basic processing unit – color spaces converter.color spaces converter.
Preparing and presenting the Preparing and presenting the semester A Project Presentation semester A Project Presentation and report.and report.
Exams periodExams period
Final A Final A semester semester Project Project PresentationPresentation
06.03.0706.03.07
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THE END!THE END!
Auxiliary Auxiliary slides slides
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Basic System Basic System Block Diagram Block Diagram and Portsand Ports
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--======================================================================--= DVI Transmitter connections (on PSDB_DVI) =--======================================================================
data_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( 11 DOWNTO 0 ); -- Transitter data outputdata_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( 11 DOWNTO 0 ); -- Transitter data outputmsen_tx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Monitor Sensemsen_tx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Monitor Sensepd_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Power Down (Active Low)pd_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Power Down (Active Low)de_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Data Enablede_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Data Enablehsync_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Horizontal Synchsync_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Horizontal Syncvsync_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Vertical Syncvsync_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Vertical Syncscl_tx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Clockscl_tx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Clocksda_tx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Datasda_tx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Dataidck_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Transmitter data clockidck_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Transmitter data clockisel_rst_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Interface Selectisel_rst_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Interface Selectctl3_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Transmitter Control ctl3_tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Transmitter Control
SignalSignal
SiI1172 ports – DVI SiI1172 ports – DVI TransmitterTransmitter
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--======================================================================--= DVI Receiver connections (on PSDB_DVI) =--======================================================================
qe_rx : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( 23 DOWNTO 0 ); -- Receiver even data inputqe_rx : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( 23 DOWNTO 0 ); -- Receiver even data inputqo_rx : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( 23 DOWNTO 0 ); -- Receiver odd data inputqo_rx : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( 23 DOWNTO 0 ); -- Receiver odd data inputodck_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver data clockodck_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver data clockscdt_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Sync detectscdt_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Sync detectctl1_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver control signalctl1_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver control signalctl2_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver control signalctl2_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver control signalctl3_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver control signalctl3_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Receiver control signalstag_out_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Staggered Outputstag_out_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Staggered Outputpixs_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Pixel Selectpixs_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Pixel Selectst_sda_rx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Data / Output Drivest_sda_rx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- I2C Data / Output Drivepd_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Power Downpd_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Power Downhs_djtr_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Horisontal Sync De-jitterhs_djtr_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Horisontal Sync De-jitterock_inv_scl_rx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- ODCK Polarity / I2C Clockock_inv_scl_rx : INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- ODCK Polarity / I2C Clockmode_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Mode Selectmode_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Mode Selecthsync_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Horizontal Synchsync_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Horizontal Syncvsync_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Vertical Syncvsync_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Vertical Syncde_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Data Enablede_rx : IN STD_LOGIC; -- Data Enablepdo_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Output driver power downpdo_rx : OUT STD_LOGIC; -- Output driver power downhpd_rx : IN STD_LOGIC hpd_rx : IN STD_LOGIC
SiI1171 ports - DVI ReceiverSiI1171 ports - DVI Receiver
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----DVI Transmitter connections DVI Transmitter connections ((on PSDB_DVIon PSDB_DVI))
SiI1171 and SiI1172 SiI1171 and SiI1172 configurationconfiguration
Settings for using defaultSettings for using default DVI Transmitter operation modeDVI Transmitter operation mode
• not programmable - with no I2C involvenot programmable - with no I2C involve• samples one-half pixel )12 bit( at everysamples one-half pixel )12 bit( at every
latch falling and rising edge of the clocklatch falling and rising edge of the clock
Settings for using one pixel per clockSettings for using one pixel per clock DVI Receiver operation modeDVI Receiver operation mode
• not programmable - with no I2C involvenot programmable - with no I2C involve• 24-bit pixel data for one pixel per clock24-bit pixel data for one pixel per clock
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process(odck_rx)process(odck_rx)beginbegin
case odck_rx iscase odck_rx iswhen '0' => when '0' =>
Setting the data for the Setting the data for the transmittertransmitter
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System System Block Diagram Block Diagram and Portsand Ports
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System ClocksSystem Clocks
clk0,clk1:clk0,clk1: the the GiDELGiDEL, , PROCStar IIPROCStar II™ ™ main clk that was set, enters 2 PLLs main clk that was set, enters 2 PLLs as follows:as follows:
• clk0clk0: : enters to pll4ddrII_a_1, reserved pll, which produces 2 differential enters to pll4ddrII_a_1, reserved pll, which produces 2 differential clocks to clocks to the external memory DDR2 SDRAM 64MB banks: ck_a and the external memory DDR2 SDRAM 64MB banks: ck_a and ck_b for DDR2 ck_b for DDR2 bank A and B, respectfully. bank A and B, respectfully. • clk1clk1: : enters to the user PLL, and produces 3 output clocks. clk, clk_plus, enters to the user PLL, and produces 3 output clocks. clk, clk_plus,
clk_minus have the same frequency desired by the user, which can be clk_minus have the same frequency desired by the user, which can be chosen as an integer multiple of the main frequency – with respect to chosen as an integer multiple of the main frequency – with respect to
the the the maximum value allowed 300Mhz. clk, clk_plus, clk_minus have the maximum value allowed 300Mhz. clk, clk_plus, clk_minus have phase phase shifting of 0 deg, +127 deg, -127 deg, respectfully.shifting of 0 deg, +127 deg, -127 deg, respectfully.
The The GiDELGiDEL, , PROCStar IIPROCStar II™ ™ main clk (clk0,clk1) ranges from 30Mhz up to main clk (clk0,clk1) ranges from 30Mhz up to 200Mhz, and can be defined as desired. clk1 arrives ~200ps before clk0. 200Mhz, and can be defined as desired. clk1 arrives ~200ps before clk0. In the example above main clk was set to 200Mhz.In the example above main clk was set to 200Mhz.
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System CLOCKsSystem CLOCKs
lclklclk:: This is the Local Bus Clock, working at 33Mhz.This is the Local Bus Clock, working at 33Mhz.
clk2clk2:: The The GiDELGiDEL, , PROCStar IIPROCStar II™ ™ external or internal slower clk. external or internal slower clk. If internal then can be chosen as one of the following values:If internal then can be chosen as one of the following values:Main clock * (1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, 1/12, 1/14, 1/16, 1/18, 1/20, 1/22, Main clock * (1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, 1/12, 1/14, 1/16, 1/18, 1/20, 1/22,
1/24, 1/26, 1/28, 1/30, 1/32). 1/24, 1/26, 1/28, 1/30, 1/32).For example when the main clock is 100Mhz then clk2 can be set as: For example when the main clock is 100Mhz then clk2 can be set as: (50, 25, 16.667, 12.5, 10, 8.3333, 7.1429, 6.25, 5.5556, 5, 4.5455, (50, 25, 16.667, 12.5, 10, 8.3333, 7.1429, 6.25, 5.5556, 5, 4.5455,
4.1667, 4.1667, 3.8462, 3.5714, 3.3333, 3.125) [Mhz ]. 3.8462, 3.5714, 3.3333, 3.125) [Mhz ].The The GiDELGiDEL, , PROCStar IIPROCStar II™ ™ uses the defult of Main clock * 1/8.uses the defult of Main clock * 1/8.
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ENTITY DVI_interface_rx2tx ISENTITY DVI_interface_rx2tx IS PORTPORT((--======================================================================--======================================================================--= --= DVI Transmitter connections DVI Transmitter connections ((on PSDB_DVIon PSDB_DVI) =) =--======================================================================--======================================================================
data_tx data_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOROUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( ( 11 DOWNTO 011 DOWNTO 0 ) ); ; -- -- Transitter data outputTransitter data outputmsen_tx msen_tx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Monitor SenseMonitor Sensepd_tx pd_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Power Down Power Down ((Active LowActive Low))de_tx de_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Data EnableData Enablehsync_tx hsync_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Horizontal SyncHorizontal Syncvsync_tx vsync_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Vertical SyncVertical Syncscl_tx scl_tx : : INOUT STD_LOGIC; INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- I2C ClockI2C Clocksda_tx sda_tx : : INOUT STD_LOGIC; INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- I2C DataI2C Dataidck_tx idck_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Transmitter data clockTransmitter data clockisel_rst_tx isel_rst_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- I2C Interface SelectI2C Interface Selectctl3_tx ctl3_tx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Transmitter Control SignalTransmitter Control Signal
--======================================================================--======================================================================--= --= DVI Receiver connections DVI Receiver connections ((on PSDB_DVIon PSDB_DVI) =) =--======================================================================--======================================================================
qe_rx qe_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTORIN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( ( 23 DOWNTO 023 DOWNTO 0 ) ); ; -- -- Receiver even data inputReceiver even data inputqo_rx qo_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTORIN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR( ( 23 DOWNTO 023 DOWNTO 0 ) ); ; -- -- Receiver odd data inputReceiver odd data inputodck_rx odck_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Receiver data clockReceiver data clockscdt_rx scdt_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Sync detectSync detectctl1_rx ctl1_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Receiver control signalReceiver control signalctl2_rx ctl2_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Receiver control signalReceiver control signalctl3_rx ctl3_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Receiver control signalReceiver control signalstag_out_rx stag_out_rx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Staggered OutputStaggered Outputpixs_rx pixs_rx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Pixel SelectPixel Selectst_sda_rx st_sda_rx : : INOUT STD_LOGIC; INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- I2C Data I2C Data / / Output DriveOutput Drivepd_rx pd_rx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Power DownPower Downhs_djtr_rx hs_djtr_rx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Horisontal Sync DeHorisontal Sync De--jitterjitterock_inv_scl_rx ock_inv_scl_rx : : INOUT STD_LOGIC; INOUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- ODCK Polarity ODCK Polarity / / I2C ClockI2C Clockmode_rx mode_rx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Mode SelectMode Selecthsync_rx hsync_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Horizontal SyncHorizontal Syncvsync_rx vsync_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Vertical SyncVertical Syncde_rx de_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC; IN STD_LOGIC; -- -- Data EnableData Enablepdo_rx pdo_rx : : OUT STD_LOGIC; OUT STD_LOGIC; -- -- Output driver power downOutput driver power downhpd_rx hpd_rx : : IN STD_LOGIC IN STD_LOGIC -- -- Hot Plug detection signalHot Plug detection signal