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Radio Link AntennasPoint-to-Multipoint infrastructure
Point-to-Multipoint scenario
Half-power beamwidth (HPBW) or 3dB-beamwidth:The angle, relative to the main beam axis, between the two directions at which the measured co-polar pattern is 3 dB below the value on the main beam axis.
-3.0 dB
Half-power beamwidth (3 dB-beamwidth)
Gain (G):
The ratio of the radiation intensity, in the main beam axis to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power were radiated isotropically. Value measured in dBi.
Radio Link Antennas Definitions
Radio Link Antennas Comparison of gain and 3 dB beamwidth at f = 38.25 GHz
Antenna size [ft/m]LA 05 0.5 / 0.15 X XSB 1 1 / 0.3 X X X X X X X XSBX 1 1 / 0.3 X X X X X X XSB 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X X X XSBX 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X XSU 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X X X XSUX 2 2 / 0.6 X X X X X X XSU 4 4 / 1.2 X X X X X X X XSUX 4 4 / 1.2 X X X X X X XSU 6 6 / 1.8 X X X X X XSUX 6 6 / 1.8 X X X X X XUDA 4 4 / 1.2UDA 6 6 / 1.8UA 8 8 / 2.4 X X X X
UDA 8 8 / 2.4 X X X XUA 10 10 / 3.0 X X X
UDA 10 10 / 3.0 X X XUA 12 12 / 3.7 X X
UDA 12 12 / 3.7 X XUA 15 15 / 4.6
UDA 15 15 / 4.6
G > 50 dBi
G < 30 dBi
RFS Microwave Antennas Survival and operational windspeed, definition
Antennas withstand specified survival windspeed without any permanent damage!
Antenna axis deflection is less than one third of half-power beam width at operational windspeed!
Radio Link AntennasCo-polar radiation pattern with RPE and F/B-ratio
F/B
Front-to-back-ratio (F/B):
The difference in dB between the co-polarized main beam gain and the signal measured in a defined region back to the main beam.
Radio Link AntennasCross-polar radiation pattern with XPD
XPD
Cross polar discrimination (XPD):
The difference in dB between the co-polarized main beam gain and the cross-polarized signal measured within a defined region.
Radio Link Antennas Contour plots, co-polar and cross-polar
Co-polar pattern:A diagram representing the radiation pattern of the antenna under test when the reference antenna is similarly polarized, scaled in dBi or dB relative to the measured antenna gain.
Cross-polar pattern:A diagram representing the radiation pattern of the antenna under test when the reference antenna is orthogonally polarized, scaled in dBi or dB relative to the measured antenna gain.
EN 300833: Standardisation of antennas used in point-to-point radio-relay systems operating in frequency range 3-60 GHz.
• Range 1: 3 - 14 GHz
• Range 2: 14 - 20 GHz
• Range 3: 20 - 24 GHz
• Range 4: 24 - 30 GHz
• Range 5: 30 - 47 GHz
• Range 6: 47 - 60 GHz
Class 1: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is a lowinterference potential
Class 2: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is a highinterference potential
Class 3: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is a very highinterference potential
Class 4: Those antennas required for use in networks where there is an extremely high interference potential
Radio Link Antennas Result of the European standardisation
In addition: 2 Gain- and 3 XPD categories have been specified!
The Regulatory Authority may impose tighter requirements than the minimum values given in this ETS, in order to maximize the use of the scarce spectrum resources.
Radio Link AntennasComparison of specifications and measurement
Radio Link AntennasReturn loss, reflection coefficient and VSWR
Return loss: The ratio of incident to reflected power at a reference plane of the network.
Standing wave ratio (VSWR): The ratio of the maximum to the minimum amplitudes of the voltage or current.
RFS SlimLine���� Antennas SP single polarisedSPX dual polarisedFeaturesModerate side lobe suppression,Improved performance antennas offer a better Front to Back ratio
RFS Microwave AntennasAntenna types, High Performance
FeaturesHigh side lobe suppression by use of a shroud.Aperture covered by a planar radome.
Antenna size: 0.6 up to 4.5 m
RFS Microwave AntennasDA single polarisedDAX dual polarised
RFS SlimLine���� Antennas SD single polarisedSDX dual polarised
RFS Microwave AntennasAntenna type, Ultra High Performance
RFS Microwave AntennasUA single polarisedUDA dual polarisedUXA dual polarised, high crosspolar
discrimination
RFS SlimLine���� Antennas SU single polarisedSUX dual polarised
RFS CompactLine���� AntennasSB single polarisedSBX dual polarised
FeaturesVery high side lobe suppression by use of a shroud equipped with absorbing material.Antenna size: 0.25 to 4.5 m
RFS Microwave Antennas Tower mount of 0.6 m antenna in detail
RFS Microwave Antennas0.9 m / 3 ft, Ultra High Performance Antenna
• Frequency: up to 26 GHz
• Survival windspeed: 200 km/h
• Operational windspeed: 190 km/h
• Weight including tower mount: 23 kg
• Elevation adjustment: ± 15 °
• Installation pipe diameters: 90 - 114 mm
• Tower mount: casting
• Radome: flexible (Complan)
• Frequency: up to 26 GHz
• Survival windspeed: 200 km/h/ 125 mph
• Operational windspeed: 190 km/h/ 120 mph
• Weight including tower mount: 35 kg/ 77 lbs
• Elevation adjustment: ± 10 °
• Installation pipe diameter: 114 mm/ 4.5 inch
• Tower mount: casting
• Radome: flexible (Complan)
RFS Microwave Antennas1.2 m / 4 ft Ultra High Performance Antenna, SlimLine
510
375
Antenna type SU• Shroud with tilt• Button hook feed• Flat radome • Reflector without rim
Antenna type SB• Short shroud, without tilt• Backfire feed • Rigid radome• Reflector without rim
RFS Microwave AntennasComparison of 4 ft SlimLine and CompactLine antenna
• Frequency: 7 to 26 GHz
• Survival windspeed: 200 km/hoptional 250 km/h
• Operational windspeed: 190 km/hoptional 200 km/h
• Weight including tower mount: 35 to 39 kg
• Elevation adjustment: ± 10 °
• Installation pipe diameter: 114 mm/ 4.5 inch
• Tower mount: casting
• Radome: solid
• Radiation Performance EN 3008337 to 22 GHz class 3
26 GHz class 2
RFS Microwave Antennas1.2 m / 4 ft RFS CompactLine® antenna
RFS Microwave Antennas1.2 m mount outline with 250km/h windspeed option
SB SU
A 1260 1305
B 615 738
C 233 233
D 290 290
E 95 95
B+E 710 833
All dimensions in mm
RFS Microwave AntennasOversized Mounting Hardware for 0.3 up to 1.2 m antennas
Example 1.2 m
The Oversized Mounting Hardware has been specially designed for the installation of small antennas on larger diameter pipes which are already in place on radio link towers. The Oversized Mounting Hardware enables small antennas (0.3 to 1.2 m) to be mounted on pipe diameters of 120-219 mm.
Example 0.3 m
RFS Microwave Antennas Heating system for 2 and 4 ft antennas with shroud
The heating system includes:• 2/3 stratified shells with polyurethane foam• 1 resistance cable• 30 m power cable• Temperature Control Box with power supply
temperature sensor
Main features:• Heating power 440/800 W• Power source 48 V AC• Additional weight 19/27 kg• Optional:
Power supply box 220/48 V AC
RFS Microwave Antennas Ultra High Performance Antennas 1.8 to 3.7 m
Features• T- frame mount
• Three-part shroud (3.7 m/ four-part)
• One-part reflector (3.7 m/two-part)
• Flexible radome (Complan) pretensioned with springs
• Edge protection at the rim of the shroud
• One swaybar at the mount
• Survival windspeed: 200 km/hoptional 250 km/h
• Operational windspeed: 190 km/hoptional 200 km/h
The values in the table are valid for screws and bolts which have been greased according to the installation instruction!
Very bad installation!
RFS Microwave AntennasIncreased Windload Kit, example 1.8 m antenna
Large RFS antennas (1.8 to 3.7 m) already incorporate a strong back ring structure to support the reflector. The hot dip galvanised steel mount is fixed to the back ring. This configuration allows a simple upgrade of one of the antenna’s most important mechanical features. The Increased Windload Kit of additional struts for mounting between the back ring and the reflector rim. Thus enables the wind forces to be directed to the most rigid part of the antenna mount.The kit can be installed on site before lifting the antenna onto the tower.
RFS Microwave Antennas High Windload Kit, example 3.7 m antenna
The kit 270 km/h for 1.8 m to 3.7 m antennas consists of: Increased windload kit and 3 additional sway bars (dia. 60 mm, length 3.0 m) fixed at the rim of the reflector.
RFS Microwave AntennasHigh Windload 1.2 m antenna
The 1.2 m antenna for 270 km/h consists of:Reflector with backring and a sway bar (dia. 60 mm, length 1.50 m) fixed at the mount
RFS Microwave Antennas Survival and operational windspeed with 30 mm ice layer
RFS Microwave AntennasVibration test according to ETS 300 019, class 4M5 (old)
Test conditions
• Acceleration 10 m/s2
• Frequency range of vibration5 - 9 Hz and 9 - 200 Hz
• Axis of vibration 3
• Number of sweeps 5 in each axis
0.3 m RFS CompactLine® antenna with radio under test
RFS Microwave AntennasShock test according to ETS 300 019, class 4M5 (old)
Test conditions
• Shock spectrum half-sinusoidal
• Duration 6 ms
• Acceleration 250 m/s2
• Number of shocks 500 in each direction
• Directions of shock 6
0.6 m RFS CompactLine®
antenna with radio under test
RFS Microwave AntennasRain test according to Finabel No. 2.C.10
0.3 m RFS CompactLine® antenna with radio under test
RFS Microwave Antennas Model name structure /1
Antenna options
RFS Microwave Antennas Model name structure /2
Antenna type:PA Single polarized standard performancePAL Single polarized standard low VSWRPAX Dual polarized standard performancePAD Single polarized improved performancePADX Dual polarized improved performancePAF Non pressurised standard performanceDA Single polarized High PerformanceDAX Dual polarized High PerformanceDAF Non pressurised High PerformanceUA Single polarized Ultra High PerformanceUDA Dual polarized Ultra High PerformanceUXA Dual polarized Ultra High performance High
Cross Polarisation DiscriminationUAF Non pressurised Ultra High PerformanceSP Single polarized SlimLine standardSPF Non pressurised SlimLine standardSPX Dual polarised SlimLine standardSD Single polarised SlimLine High PerformanceSDX Dual polarized SlimLine High PerformanceSU Single polarized SlimLine Ultra High PerformanceSUX Dual polarized SlimLine Ultra High PerformanceSB Single polarized CompactLineSBX Dual polarized CompactLineLA single polarised Lensantenna
Nominal Diameter 1.8 m Frequency Range 3.6 - 4.2 GHz 6 ft
Gain 34.2 dBi at 3.9 GHz HPBW 3.0°
crosspolar
copolar The pattern data are available in
NSMA-format!
All data are accessible via internet: www.rfsworld.com
(http://selldoc.rfsworld.com)
RFS Microwave AntennasFeatures of solid parabolic antennas
• Antenna sizes: Waveguide feed 0.3 up to 4.5 mCompactLine 0.25 up to 1.2 m
• Reflector and Shroud : Seawater-resistant aluminium alloy
• Mount assembly : Aluminium casting (0.25 – 1.2 m)Hot-dip galvanised steel (1.2, 1.8 – 4.5 m)
• Survival windspeed 270/250 km/h / 155 mph (0.25 up to 0.6 m)with 30 mm radial ice : 200 km/h / 125 mph (0.9 up to 4.5 m)
• Operational windspeed 230 km/h / 144 mph (0.25 up to 0.6 m)with 30 mm radial ice : 190 km/h / 120 mph (0.9 up to 4.5 m)
• Temperature range : -45°C up to +60°C
• Interport isolation > 35 dB
• Pressure tight feed system
RFS Microwave Antennasµµµµ-wave Link Calculator, introduction
The power level available at the receiver is calculated based on specific system parameters
• Transmitter output power [dBm]• Frequency [GHz]• Link distance [km]
The calculator takes into account:• Free space loss [dB]• Rain attenuation [dB]• Atmospheric attenuation [dB]• Polarisation• Antenna gain [dB]• Loss in feeder or Twistflex section [dB]
http://www2.rfsworld.com/mwave
RFS Microwave Antennasµµµµ-wave Link Calculator
Three different installation cases are considered: • Radio integrated with antenna
The radio unit is directly mounted onto the back of the antenna. This is a very common type of installation avoiding additional loss in feeder or twistflex sections.
• Radio near to the antennaIn cases where the radio can not be attached directly to theantenna, an additional section of twistflex provides the connection to the radio. The radio is installed on the pipe or tower near to the antenna.
• Radio in a shelterIn traditional backbone systems as well as in configurationswhere quick and easy maintenance is required, the radio is installed in a shelter at ground level. In such cases FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguide (feeder) provides a low-loss connection to the antenna.
RFS Microwave Antennasµµµµ-wave Link Calculator, configuration
RFS Microwave Antennasµµµµ-wave Link Calculator, rain rate
RFS Microwave Antennas Short summary
• Meet national and international standards
• High mechanical stability
• High corrosion resistance
• Easy installation
•Software tool for link calculation
RFS Grid Antennas Contents
• Frequency and size
• Mini Grid Antennas
• Grid Kit Antennas
RFS Grid AntennasGrid antennas below 4 GHz
RFS Grid AntennasFeatures
RFS Grid AntennasMGA, MGAR MINIGRID antennas
• Small light-weight welded grid
reflector
• Fast site assembly• Extra high survival wind speed of
350 km/h (0.6-1.2m)
• Sizes: 2 ft 0.6m, 3 ft 0.9m, 4 ft1.2m and 6 ft 1.8m
• Suits all broadband and narrowband feeds from 820 MHz
to 3.7 GHz• R-types for low capacity rural
application
RFS Grid AntennasGKL, Gridkit antennas
• Suits all broadband and narrowband feeds from 820 MHz to 3.7 GHz
• Knockdown reflector for economy of transport
• Survival wind speed of 200 km/h
• Low tower wind load
• Sizes: 8 ft 2.4m and 10 ft 3.0m
RFS Grid AntennasGKA, Gridkit antennas for heavy duty, extra high wind rating
• Suits all broadband and narrowband feeds from 335 MHz to 3.7 GHz
• Knock-down reflector for lower shipping costs
• Extra high survival wind speed of 300 / 350 km/h
• Low tower wind load• Sizes: 6 ft 1.8m, 8 ft 2.4m, 10 ft
3.0m, 12 ft 3.8m
RFS Grid AntennasGPW 46, High Gain Grid Series
• Fully welded reflector supplied in two halves
• Simple on-site assembly• Complete with mount and azimuth
arms• Ultra high survival wind speed of
300 km/h• Suits all broadband and
narrowband feeds from 335 MHz to 2.7 GHz
• Diameter: 15 ft 4.6 m
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Contents
• Fundamental principles
• 3.5 GHz-Antennas
• 25/28 GHz-Antennas
• Summary
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Sector characteristic, fundamentals /1
Optimizing the network by sectorization
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Sector characteristic, fundamentals /2
f1
f1f2
Increase of capacity by the use of smaller sector sizes
f2f1
f2
Advantage: - Present antennas can be used- Change of frequency by software
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 25 GHz, azimuthdiagram with EN 301 215-2
-45 45
-3.0 dB
Azimuth [deg]
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, omnidirectional characteristic
• Omnidirectional antennas (VOA-Series)- polarisation vertical- Connector N-female- two different gain values (3 dB difference)
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, sectorcharacteristic
• Sector antennas (SEC-Series)- designed for point-to-multipoint application - polarisation vertical and horizontal - available in azimuth sectors of 60, 90, 120 and 180 deg- two different gain values (3 dB difference)
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems Mount with tilt option
The optional tilt mount enables the network planer to optimise the coverage within a cell by adjusting the down tilt from 0 up to -20 deg in elevation.
It can be applied to all sector antennas in different array configurations. An example is shown with 4x90 deg sector antennas.
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, Subscriber-antennas
SA-Series- Cost effective design- Available in two gain versions- With integrated coaxial cable- The antenna is protected by a solid radome- The antenna mount provides a quick and easy installation on standard
pipes from Ø 30 up to 60 mm as well as wall installation- Survival Windspeed 200 km/h- Operational Windspeed 120 km/h
Antennas for Point to Multipoint Systems 3.5 GHz, Subcriber Antennas
Three versions of FLEXWELL® elliptical waveguide are offered:• FLEXWELL® “Standard” waveguide, 1.7 – 39.5 GHz• Low VSWR “Premium” waveguide, 3.0 – 19.7 GHz• “Overmoded” waveguide”, 10.7 – 39.5 GHz
Standard and premium waveguide differ only in testing and guaranteed attainable VSWR. FLEXWELL® “standard” waveguide is recommended for low and medium capacity radio relay systems, while FLEXWELL® “premium” elliptical waveguide assemblies are recommended for high capacity radio systems. Overmoded waveguides offer exceptionally low attenuation characteristics compared with conventional waveguides. The waveguide operates above the cut-off frequency of higher order modes utilizing the lowest attenuation characteristics of the waveguide.
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Different models
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Comparison of attenuation
Frequency Attenuation of FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides [dB/100m][GHz] Single Mode Overmoded Advantage including filters38.25 60.7 24.7 35.322.40 28.3 14.0 13.718.70 19.3 9.5 9.214.50 14.0 6.4 7.011.00 9.1 4.5 4.0
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical WaveguidesConnector with ‘Plast 2000’ sealing
Plast 2000 SealingPlast 2000 has a very good adhesion to the metallic parts of the connector and to the waveguide. The curing process depends on the humidity and temperature of the air. Under normal conditions, sealing against moisture is accomplished in a very short time. These connectors have been carefully designed for excellent VSWR performance without the use of any tuning screws. Model numbers on these connectors end with a letter “P” to designate the use of Plast 2000 sealing.
Exception all connectors with gasketand shrinking sleeves:E250 and E380 series,all overmoded waveguides.
Gasket Sealing In this design, the connector is sealed between the backnut and the waveguide with a conical shaped threaded gasket. The threaded gasket is held in place with an internal pressure plate to create a gas tight waveguide assembly that will not leak even if the waveguide is flexed near the connector. A seal between the connector backnut and the waveguide transition is achieved with a specially shaped flat gasket that encompassesthe waveguide flare and connector bolt holes. A heat shrink boot is supplied for application over the elliptical waveguide and the connector backnut to provide strain relief and additional weatherproofing. Model number on these connectors end with a letter “G” for designation of gasket sealing.
Connector TypesFLEXWELL® elliptical waveguide connectors are available in standard (non-tuneable), tuneable and fixed tuned versions. FLEXWELL® connectors are offered with interface to EIA and IEC standard waveguide flanges.
Fixed TunedFP-Type
TuneableTG-Type
Non-TuneableFG-Type
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical WaveguidesConnectors, types for E150
Features:• Wall or 19“ rack mounted• Air capacity 100 l/h• Operating voltage 230 VAC or 36 - 72 VDC• Operating temperature -10°C...+50°C• Size (WxHxD) 48 x 9 x 18 cm• Weight 7.5 kg• Number of outlets 4• MTBF higher 180.000 h (25°C, 50% flowrate)• Output pressure programmable from 0,1kPa up to 4,0kPa
(1,0 mbar up to 40 mbar)
• Maximum recommended air-volume of waveguide 400l
Features:• Wall or 19“ rack mounted• Air capacity 100 l/h• Operating voltage 230 VAC or 36 - 72 VDC• Operating temperature -10°C...+50°C• Size (WxHxD) 48 x 31 x 15 cm• Weight 17 kg• Number of outlets 4• MTBF higher 165.000 h (25°C, 50% flow rate)• Output pressure programmable from 0,1kPa up to 6,0kPa
(1,0mbar up to 60mbar)
• Maximum recommended air-volume of waveguide 400l
With metallic case for wall mounting
Remove the metallic case for rack 19” mounting
ETSI-N3 brackets
Attention: Because of humidity coming out on top of the equipment during regeneration and the high temperature (100°C) leave an upper free space of at least four units from the dehydrator to the closed equipment!
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Outlet extension kit for LAB4, ADD-ON4
The total number of outlets can be extended up to 8with the outlet exitension kit.
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Dehydrator, semi and automatic regeneration
– Automatic - APD-20 and APD-70– Semi Automatic - SPD-10
SPD-10
APD-20
The closed system with purging, seal test and humidity indicator
- The maximum length of waveguideis determined by the size of the nitrogen bottle.
- In case of leakage the desiccant cartridge will provide an early warning (changing colour from blue to violet).
- Both ends of the waveguide run are closed with pressure windows (or at one end by the pressure tight antenna).
- The system is purged with dry nitrogen (5.0) and seal tested after installation – with a transportable purge and sealing device.
Open thegas inletduring purging
Purging andseal test
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical waveguidesDehydration concept for small volume waveguides
- Moisture is eliminated from the waveguide.
Attention: The max. pressure is 0,3 bar!
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Transportable purge and sealing device
The RFS purge and sealing device can be used up to a waveguidevolume of approx. 2 litres:
FLEXWELLwaveguide
E 380
E 250
E 220
EO 38
E 185
E 150
E 130
EO 22
E 105
The closed systemwith purging and seal test and
humidity indicator
< 75 m
< 30 m
< 25 m
< 25 m
< 16 m
< 10 m
< 8 m
< 8 m
< 6 m
Installation on waveguideconnector for E100 –E185
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Desiccant cartridge with humidity indicator
The RFS desiccant cartridge is an economical solution designed to eliminate moisture in antenna/feeder system. In case of leakage an early warning is provided by the humidity indicator.The cartridge is installed at the connector in general. For installation on small-size waveguides the kit includes an additional waveguide component.
Rectangular flanges R220, R260 and R320
Installation with DC-KIT adaptor for E220 – E380
RFS FLEXWELL Elliptical Waveguides Example for 28 GHz antenna waveguide system
Antennas• SB 1-280 or SB 2-280• SEC280-90BBV
FLEXWELL Elliptical waveguide• EO38 with B320-L38FP